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MedKoo Cat#: 317555 | Name: Clonidine
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Clonidine (also known as Catapres, Kapvay, Nexiclon, and Clophelin) is a sympathomimetic medication used to treat high blood pressure, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, withdrawal (from either alcohol, opioids, or smoking), migraine, menopausal flushing, diarrhea, and certain pain conditions. It is classified as a centrally acting α2 adrenergic agonist and imidazoline receptor agonist that has been in clinical use for over 40 years.

Chemical Structure

Clonidine
Clonidine
CAS#4205-90-7 (free base)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 317555

Name: Clonidine

CAS#: 4205-90-7 (free base)

Chemical Formula: C9H9Cl2N3

Exact Mass: 229.0174

Molecular Weight: 230.09

Elemental Analysis: C, 46.98; H, 3.94; Cl, 30.82; N, 18.26

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
100mg USD 350.00 2 Weeks
250mg USD 650.00 2 Weeks
1g USD 1,250.00 2 Weeks
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Related CAS #
4205-90-7 (free base) 4205-91-8 (HCl)
Synonym
Clonidine; Clonidin; Duraclon; Catapresan; Catapressan; Catapres-TTS; Catapres; Kapvay; Nexiclon; Clophelin
IUPAC/Chemical Name
N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine
InChi Key
GJSURZIOUXUGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C9H9Cl2N3/c10-6-2-1-3-7(11)8(6)14-9-12-4-5-13-9/h1-3H,4-5H2,(H2,12,13,14)
SMILES Code
C1CN=C(N1)NC2=C(C=CC=C2Cl)Cl
Appearance
White to off-white crystalline powder.
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Clonidine is an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist which is used extensively in anesthesia research.
In vitro activity:
HCEP cells were treated with various doses of clonidine for 1-28 h, resulting in abnormal morphology, decline of cell viability and G1 phase arrest in a time- and/or dose-dependent manner. Reference: Toxicol Sci. 2017 Mar 1;156(1):252-260. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28115640/
In vivo activity:
Clonidine (0.05, 0.1 mg/kg, ip) inhibited synaptic plasticity in a dose-dependent manner, accompanying with the decreasing of aortic pressure and heart rate (HR) in anesthetized rats. Clonidine (1.25, 2.5 μg/kg, icv, 10 min before HFS) also dose-dependently inhibited synaptic plasticity, which had no remarkable effect on HR and aortic pressure. Reference: Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2013 Nov;33(8):1075-86. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23975095/
Solvent mg/mL mM comments
Solubility
DMSO 100.0 434.61
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 230.09 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Fan D, Fan TJ. Clonidine Induces Apoptosis of Human Corneal Epithelial Cells through Death Receptors-Mediated, Mitochondria-Dependent Signaling Pathway. Toxicol Sci. 2017 Mar 1;156(1):252-260. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw249. PMID: 28115640. 2. Li CJ, Zhou M, Li HG, Lv Q, Xu XL, Guo LJ. Clonidine suppresses the induction of long-term potentiation by inhibiting HCN channels at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapse in anesthetized adult rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2013 Nov;33(8):1075-86. doi: 10.1007/s10571-013-9974-z. Epub 2013 Aug 22. PMID: 23975095.
In vitro protocol:
1. Fan D, Fan TJ. Clonidine Induces Apoptosis of Human Corneal Epithelial Cells through Death Receptors-Mediated, Mitochondria-Dependent Signaling Pathway. Toxicol Sci. 2017 Mar 1;156(1):252-260. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw249. PMID: 28115640.
In vivo protocol:
1. Li CJ, Zhou M, Li HG, Lv Q, Xu XL, Guo LJ. Clonidine suppresses the induction of long-term potentiation by inhibiting HCN channels at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapse in anesthetized adult rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2013 Nov;33(8):1075-86. doi: 10.1007/s10571-013-9974-z. Epub 2013 Aug 22. PMID: 23975095.
1: Jellinge ME, Petersen RH. [Clonidine can reduce opioid medication during post-operative pain]. Ugeskr Laeger. 2015 Nov 30;177(49). pii: V05150415. Danish. PubMed PMID: 26651552. 2: Braga MA, Martini MF, Pickholz M, Yokaichiya F, Franco MK, Cabeça LF, Guilherme VA, Silva CM, Limia CE, de Paula E. Clonidine complexation with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin: From physico-chemical characterization to in vivo adjuvant effect in local anesthesia. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2015 Nov 18;119:27-36. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.11.015. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26637952. 3: Taguchi K, Hida M, Matsumoto T, Kobayashi T. Resveratrol Ameliorates Clonidine-Induced Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation Involving Akt and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Regulation in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Biol Pharm Bull. 2015;38(12):1864-72. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00403. PubMed PMID: 26632178. 4: Al Khalifah R, Moisan L, Bui H. The shortened combined clonidine and arginine test for growth hormone deficiency is practical and specific: a diagnostic accuracy study. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Dec 2. pii: /j/jpem.ahead-of-print/jpem-2015-0284/jpem-2015-0284.xml. doi: 10.1515/jpem-2015-0284. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26630691. 5: Majumdar S, Das A, Das H, Bandyopadhyay S, Hajra BK, Mukherjee D. Comparative evaluation of oral gabapentin versus clonidine as premedication on preoperative sedation and laryngoscopic stress response attenuation for the patients undergoing general anesthesia. Perspect Clin Res. 2015 Oct-Dec;6(4):211-6. doi: 10.4103/2229-3485.167094. PubMed PMID: 26623393; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4640015. 6: Jiao F, Zhang X, Zhang X, Wang J. Clinical observation on treatment of Tourette syndrome in Chinese children by clonidine adhesive patch. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2015 Oct 22. pii: S1090-3798(15)00176-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2015.10.002. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26602699. 7: Russo MA, Santarelli DM. A Novel Compound Analgesic Cream (Ketamine, Pentoxifylline, Clonidine, DMSO) for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Patients. Pain Pract. 2015 Nov 7. doi: 10.1111/papr.12404. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26547813. 8: Arunkumar S, Hemanth Kumar VR, Krishnaveni N, Ravishankar M, Jaya V, Aruloli M. Comparison of dexmedetomidine and clonidine as an adjuvant to ropivacaine for epidural anesthesia in lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries. Saudi J Anaesth. 2015 Oct-Dec;9(4):404-8. doi: 10.4103/1658-354X.159464. PubMed PMID: 26543457; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4610084. 9: Jing Wang G, Belley-Coté E, Burry L, Duffett M, Karachi T, Perri D, Alhazzani W, D'Aragon F, Wunsch H, Rochwerg B. Clonidine for sedation in the critically ill: a systematic review and meta-analysis (protocol). Syst Rev. 2015 Nov 6;4:154. doi: 10.1186/s13643-015-0139-7. PubMed PMID: 26542363; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4635616. 10: Zhang C, Li C, Pirrone M, Sun L, Mi W. Comparison of dexmedetomidine and clonidine as adjuvants to local anesthetics for intrathecal anesthesia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Oct 28. doi: 10.1002/jcph.666. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26510095.