Varenicline Free Base | CAS# 249296-44-4 (free base) | ALPHA4/BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist

MedKoo Cat#: 413320 | Name: Varenicline free base

Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Varenicline is a nicotinic receptor partial agonist—it stimulates nicotine receptors more weakly than nicotine itself does. In this respect it is similar to cytisine and different from the nicotinic antagonist, bupropion, and nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) like nicotine patches and nicotine gum. Varenicline displays full agonism on α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and is a partial agonist on the α4β2, α3β4, and α6β2 subtypes. In addition, it is a weak agonist on the α3β2 containing receptors. Varenicline's partial agonism on the α4β2 receptors rather than nicotine's full agonism produces less effect of dopamine release than nicotine's. This α4β2 competitive binding reduces the ability of nicotine to bind and stimulate the mesolimbic dopamine system—similar to the method of action of buprenorphine in the treatment of opioid addiction.

Chemical Structure

Varenicline free base

CAS#249296-44-4 (free base)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 413320

Name: Varenicline free base

CAS#: 249296-44-4 (free base)

Chemical Formula: C13H13N3

Exact Mass: 211.1109

Molecular Weight: 211.27

Elemental Analysis: C, 73.91; H, 6.20; N, 19.89

Price and Availability

This product is currently not in stock but may be available through custom synthesis. To ensure cost efficiency, the minimum order quantity is 1 gram. The estimated lead time is 2 to 4 months, with pricing dependent on the complexity of the synthesis (typically high for intricate chemistries). Quotes for quantities below 1 gram will not be provided. To request a quote, please click the button below. Note: If this product becomes available in stock in the future, pricing will be listed accordingly.

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Related CAS #

375815-87-5 (tartrate) 866823-63-4 (HCl) 249296-44-4 (free base)

Synonym

Varenicline Free Base; HSDB7591; HSDB-7591; HSDB 7591; CP 526555; CP-526555; CP526555;

IUPAC/Chemical Name

6,10-Methano-6H-pyrazino(2,3-h)(3)benzazepine, 7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-

InChi Key

JQSHBVHOMNKWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChi Code

InChI=1S/C13H13N3/c1-2-16-13-5-11-9-3-8(6-14-7-9)10(11)4-12(13)15-1/h1-2,4-5,8-9,14H,3,6-7H2

SMILES Code

C1(C2)CNCC2C3=CC4=NC=CN=C4C=C13

Appearance

Solid powder

Purity

>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition

Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition

Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility

Soluble in DMSO

Shelf Life

>2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation

This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage

0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code

2934.99.9001

More Info

Instruction

View handling instruction

	Solvent	mg/mL	mM
Solubility
	Soluble in DMSO	0.0	100.00

Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 211.27 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	1.15 mL	5.76 mL	11.51 mL
5 mM	0.23 mL	1.15 mL	2.3 mL
10 mM	0.12 mL	0.58 mL	1.15 mL
50 mM	0.02 mL	0.12 mL	0.23 mL

1: Lynch KG, Plebani J, Spratt K, Morales M, Tamminga M, Feibush P, Kampman KM. Varenicline for the Treatment of Cocaine Dependence. J Addict Med. 2021 Apr 8. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000842. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33840773. 2: Walker N, Smith B, Barnes J, Verbiest M, Parag V, Pokhrel S, Wharakura MK, Lees T, Cubillos Gutierrez H, Jones B, Bullen C. Cytisine versus varenicline for smoking cessation in New Zealand indigenous Māori: A randomized controlled trial. Addiction. 2021 Mar 24. doi: 10.1111/add.15489. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33761149. 3: Svendsen M, Heggen E, Klemsdal TO, Tonstad S. Diet, eating behaviour and weight gain in men and women with overweight/obesity receiving varenicline for smoking cessation. Clin Obes. 2021 Mar 9:e12447. doi: 10.1111/cob.12447. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33751845. 4: Russo C, Caponnetto P, Cibella F, Maglia M, Alamo A, Campagna D, Frittitta L, Di Mauro M, Leotta C, Mondati E, Krysiński A, Franek E, Polosa R. A double blind randomized controlled trial investigating efficacy and safety of varenicline for smoking cessation in patients with type 2 diabetes: study protocol. Intern Emerg Med. 2021 Mar 18. doi: 10.1007/s11739-021-02684-1. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33735416. 5: Chenoweth MJ, Lerman C, Knight J, Tyndale RF. A genome-wide association study of nausea incidence in varenicline-treated cigarette smokers. Nicotine Tob Res. 2021 Mar 13:ntab044. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntab044. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33713409. 6: Kim E, Hwang JG, Park SJ, Han JY, Choi YS, Park SR, Yu KS, Park MK, Lee S. Pharmacokinetic comparison between tablet of varenicline tartrate and orally disintegrating film of varenicline salicylate in healthy subjects. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2021 Mar 11. doi: 10.5414/CP203953. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33704052. 7: Fucito LM, Wu R, O'Malley SS, Hanrahan TH, Ikomi JT, Muvvala S, Carroll KM, Gueorguieva R. An integrated behavioural intervention combined with varenicline for heavy-drinking smokers: a randomized pilot study. J Smok Cessat. 2020 Sep;15(3):119-127. doi: 10.1017/jsc.2020.13. Epub 2020 Mar 18. PMID: 33312238; PMCID: PMC7731353. 8: Hsueh KC, Tang PL, McRobbie H. Effectiveness of Varenicline versus Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation: One Year Outcomes in a Smoking Cessation Clinic in Taiwan. Nicotine Tob Res. 2021 Feb 4:ntab018. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntab018. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33538831. 9: Gray KM, Rubinstein ML, Prochaska JJ, DuBrava SJ, Holstein AR, Samuels L, McRae TD. Effect of varenicline for smoking cessation in adolescents - Authors' reply. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2021 Feb;5(2):e4. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30395-3. PMID: 33484669. 10: Panda PK, Sharawat IK. Effect of varenicline for smoking cessation in adolescents. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2021 Feb;5(2):e3. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30396-5. PMID: 33484668. 11: May JR, Jao NC, McCarter K, Klass E, Pearman T, Leone F, Schnoll RA, Hitsman B. Change in Health-Related Quality of Life Among Individuals With Cancer Undergoing Smoking Cessation Treatment Involving Varenicline. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2021 Jan 4;48(1):112-120. doi: 10.1188/21.ONF.112-120. PMID: 33337436; PMCID: PMC7983103. 12: Carpenter MJ, Gray KM, Wahlquist AE, Cropsey K, Saladin ME, Froeliger B, Smith TT, Toll BA, Dahne J. A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial of Remote Varenicline Sampling to Promote Treatment Engagement and Smoking Cessation. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020 Nov 29:ntaa241. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa241. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33249458. 13: Lawson SC, Gass JC, Cooper RK Jr, Tonkin SS, Colder CR, Mahoney MC, Tiffany ST, Hawk LW Jr. The impact of three weeks of pre-quit varenicline on reinforcing value and craving for cigarettes in a laboratory choice procedure. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2021 Feb;238(2):599-609. doi: 10.1007/s00213-020-05713-7. Epub 2020 Nov 21. PMID: 33219852. 14: Alhowail A. Varenicline enhances the survival of doxorubicin-treated mice. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020 Nov;24(21):11350-11355. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202011_23626. PMID: 33215455. 15: Thomas KH, Davies NM, Taylor AE, Taylor GMJ, Gunnell D, Martin RM, Douglas I. Risk of neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular adverse events following treatment with varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink: a case-cross-over study. Addiction. 2020 Nov 16. doi: 10.1111/add.15338. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33197082. 16: Madae'en S, Obeidat N, Adeinat M. Using cost-effectiveness analysis to support policy change: varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation in Jordan. J Pharm Policy Pract. 2020 Oct 27;13:65. doi: 10.1186/s40545-020-00270-y. PMID: 33117544; PMCID: PMC7590594. 17: Thompson BM, Barrett ST, Huynh YW, Kwan DA, Murray JE, Bevins RA. The importance of acquisition learning on nicotine and varenicline drug substitution in a drug-discriminated goal-tracking task. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2020 Dec;199:173045. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173045. Epub 2020 Oct 12. PMID: 33058788; PMCID: PMC7725853. 18: Gobarani RK, Abramson MJ, Bonevski B, Weeks GR, Dooley MJ, Smith BJ, Veale A, Webb A, Kirsa S, Thomas D, Miller A, Gasser R, Paul E, Parkinson J, Meanger D, Coward L, Kopsaftis Z, Rofe O, Lee P, George J. The efficacy and safety of varenicline alone versus in combination with nicotine lozenges for smoking cessation among hospitalised smokers (VANISH): study protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2020 Oct 6;10(10):e038184. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038184. PMID: 33028555; PMCID: PMC7539569. 19: Morphett K, Connor JP. Varenicline for smoking cessation in young people: is there more we need to know? Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020 Nov;4(11):797-799. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30305-9. Epub 2020 Sep 25. PMID: 32979940. 20: Gray KM, Rubinstein ML, Prochaska JJ, DuBrava SJ, Holstein AR, Samuels L, McRae TD. High-dose and low-dose varenicline for smoking cessation in adolescents: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020 Nov;4(11):837-845. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30243-1. Epub 2020 Sep 25. PMID: 32979939.