Quinidine gluconate | CAS# 7054-25-3 | antimalarial schizonticide and an antiarrhythmic agent

MedKoo Cat#: 413969 | Name: Quinidine gluconate

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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Quinidine gluconate is an antimalarial schizonticide and an antiarrhythmic agent with class 1a activity;

Chemical Structure

Quinidine gluconate

CAS#7054-25-3

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 413969

Name: Quinidine gluconate

CAS#: 7054-25-3

Chemical Formula: C26H36N2O9

Exact Mass: 0.0000

Molecular Weight: 520.58

Elemental Analysis: C, 59.99; H, 6.97; N, 5.38; O, 27.66

Price and Availability

Size	Price	Availability	Quantity
200mg	USD 700.00	2 Weeks

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Related CAS #

747-45-5 (bisulfate) 27555-34-6 (polygalacturonate) 56-54-2 (free base) 1668-99-1 (HCl) 7054-25-3 (gluconate)

Synonym

Quinidine gluconate; Duraquin

IUPAC/Chemical Name

Cinchonan-9-ol, 6'-methoxy-, (9S)-, mono-D-gluconate (salt)

InChi Key

XHKUDCCTVQUHJQ-LCYSNFERSA-N

InChi Code

InChI=1S/C20H24N2O2.C6H12O7/c1-3-13-12-22-9-7-14(13)10-19(22)20(23)16-6-8-21-18-5-4-15(24-2)11-17(16)18;7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13/h3-6,8,11,13-14,19-20,23H,1,7,9-10,12H2,2H3;2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13)/t13-,14-,19+,20-;2-,3-,4+,5-/m01/s1

SMILES Code

C=C[C@@H](C[N@@]1CC2)[C@@H]2C[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)C3=CC=NC4=CC=C(OC)C=C34.O[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)C(O)=O

Appearance

Solid powder

Purity

>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition

Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition

Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility

To be determined

Shelf Life

>2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation

To be determined

Stock Solution Storage

0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code

2934.99.9001

More Info

Product Data

Product Data

Instruction

View handling instruction

Biological target:

Quinidine gluconate exerts anti-malarial activity by acting primarily as an intra-erythrocytic schizonticide through association with the hemepolymer (hemozoin) in the acidic food vacuole of the parasite. Quinidine gluconate exerts its antiarrhythmic effects by depressing the flow of sodium ions into cells during phase 0 of the cardiac action potential.

In vitro activity:

Before advancing to clinical trials, new drugs are screened for their pro-arrhythmic potential. Significant AP prolongation (a pro-arrhythmia marker) was seen in response to quinidine. This study developed an in silico-in vitro pipeline that identifies pro-arrhythmia risk and mechanism of ion channel-blocking drugs. It offers a new tool for evaluating cardiotoxicity during preclinical drug screening. Reference: Br J Pharmacol. 2022 Oct;179(20):4829-4843. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35781252/

In vivo activity:

Zolmitriptan (ZOL), a member of triptans, has been used for the treatment of migraine with definite therapeutic effects. However, there have been several reported cases of ZOL-associated liver injury, and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Pre-treatment of ZOL-treated rat primary hepatocytes with quinidine was able to reverse ZOL-induced cytotoxicity. Reference: Xenobiotica. 2021 Nov;51(11):1292-1302. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34096834/

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 520.58 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	1.15 mL	5.76 mL	11.51 mL
5 mM	0.23 mL	1.15 mL	2.3 mL
10 mM	0.12 mL	0.58 mL	1.15 mL
50 mM	0.02 mL	0.12 mL	0.23 mL

Formulation protocol:

1. Clark AP, Wei S, Kalola D, Krogh-Madsen T, Christini DJ. An in silico-in vitro pipeline for drug cardiotoxicity screening identifies ionic pro-arrhythmia mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol. 2022 Oct;179(20):4829-4843. doi: 10.1111/bph.15915. Epub 2022 Jul 24. Erratum in: Br J Pharmacol. 2023 Mar;180(6):786-788. PMID: 35781252; PMCID: PMC9489646. 2. Turnheim K, Plass H, Wyskovsky W. Basolateral potassium channels of rabbit colon epithelium: role in sodium absorption and chloride secretion. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Feb 18;1560(1-2):51-66. doi: 10.1016/s0005-2736(01)00456-4. PMID: 11958775. 3. Xu D, Chen S, Yang J, Wang X, Fang Z, Li M. Precision therapy with quinidine of KCNT1-related epileptic disorders: A systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2022 Dec;88(12):5096-5112. doi: 10.1111/bcp.15479. Epub 2022 Sep 20. PMID: 35940594. 4. Han L, Jia Y, Zhao Y, Sun C, Zhao M, Peng Y, Zheng J. Metabolic activation of zolmitriptan mediated by CYP2D6. Xenobiotica. 2021 Nov;51(11):1292-1302. doi: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1938290. Epub 2021 Nov 3. PMID: 34096834.

In vitro protocol:

In vivo protocol:

1. Xu D, Chen S, Yang J, Wang X, Fang Z, Li M. Precision therapy with quinidine of KCNT1-related epileptic disorders: A systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2022 Dec;88(12):5096-5112. doi: 10.1111/bcp.15479. Epub 2022 Sep 20. PMID: 35940594. 2. Han L, Jia Y, Zhao Y, Sun C, Zhao M, Peng Y, Zheng J. Metabolic activation of zolmitriptan mediated by CYP2D6. Xenobiotica. 2021 Nov;51(11):1292-1302. doi: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1938290. Epub 2021 Nov 3. PMID: 34096834.

1: Boinpally R, Borbridge L, Wangsadipura V. Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Atogepant Co-administered with Quinidine Gluconate in Healthy Participants: A Phase 1, Open-Label, Drug-Drug Interaction Study. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev. 2024 Aug;13(8):930-937. doi: 10.1002/cpdd.1407. Epub 2024 May 3. PMID: 38702918. 2: Deshmukh A, Larson J, Ghannam M, Saeed M, Cunnane R, Ghanbari H, Latchamsetty R, Crawford T, Jongnarangsin K, Pelosi F, Chugh A, Oral H, Morady F, Bogun F, Liang JJ. Efficacy and tolerability of quinidine as salvage therapy for monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in patients with structural heart disease. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2021 Dec;32(12):3173-3178. doi: 10.1111/jce.15260. Epub 2021 Oct 6. PMID: 34586686. 3: Krey RA, Travassos MA. Severe Malaria Treatment in the United States at the Precipice. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Sep 3;171(5):362-363. doi: 10.7326/M19-1144. Epub 2019 Aug 20. PMID: 31426092. 4: Rocha Cabrera P, Rodríguez Talavera I, Losada Castillo MJ, Alemán Valls R, Lorenzo Morales J. Detachment of retinal pigment epithelium in retinopathy due to malaria. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed). 2018 Aug;93(8):406-410. English, Spanish. doi: 10.1016/j.oftal.2018.03.005. Epub 2018 May 25. PMID: 29807845. 5: Meissner EG, McGillicuddy JW, Squires J, Skipper D, Self S, Wray D, Moritz ED, Stramer SL, Nadig S. Across state lines: Fulminant Babesia microti infection in a liver transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis. 2017 Oct;19(5). doi: 10.1111/tid.12741. Epub 2017 Jul 31. PMID: 28644910. 6: Sutherland CJ. Rescuing artemisinin combination therapy in Africa. Lancet Glob Health. 2017 Jan;5(1):e8-e9. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30291-1. Epub 2016 Nov 11. PMID: 27840068. 7: Twomey PS, Smith BL, McDermott C, Novitt-Moreno A, McCarthy W, Kachur SP, Arguin PM. Intravenous Artesunate for the Treatment of Severe and Complicated Malaria in the United States: Clinical Use Under an Investigational New Drug Protocol. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Oct 6;163(7):498-506. doi: 10.7326/M15-0910. PMID: 26301474; PMCID: PMC4627466. 8: Damhoff HN, Kuhn RJ, Stadler LP. Severe Malaria Complicated by G6PD Deficiency in a Pediatric Tanzanian Immigrant. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Oct-Dec;19(4):325-34. doi: 10.5863/1551-6776-19.4.325. PMID: 25762879; PMCID: PMC4341419. 9: Habeeb H, Ripper JR, Cohen A, Hinfey PB. A case of imported severe plasmodium falciparum malaria in the emergency department and the current role of exchange transfusion treatment. J Emerg Med. 2013 Feb;44(2):e211-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.02.051. Epub 2012 May 18. PMID: 22609412. 10: Callender DM, Hsue G. Artesunate: investigational drug for the treatment of severe falciparum malaria in Hawai'i. Hawaii Med J. 2011 Apr;70(4):77-9. PMID: 21785506; PMCID: PMC3072541. 11: Ashino S, Watanabe I, Kofune M, Nagashima K, Ohkubo K, Okumura Y, Mano H, Nakai T, Kunimoto S, Kasamaki Y, Hirayama A. Effects of quinidine on the action potential duration restitution property in the right ventricular outflow tract in patients with brugada syndrome. Circ J. 2011;75(9):2080-6. doi: 10.1253/circj.cj-11-0227. Epub 2011 Jul 6. PMID: 21737956. 12: Fenton FH, Cherry EM, Kornreich BG. Termination of equine atrial fibrillation by quinidine: an optical mapping study. J Vet Cardiol. 2008 Dec;10(2):87-103. doi: 10.1016/j.jvc.2008.10.002. Epub 2008 Nov 25. PMID: 19036667. 13: Alkhunaizi AM, Al-Tawfiq JA, Al-Shawaf MH. Transfusion-transmitted malaria in a kidney transplant recipient. How safe is our blood transfusion? Saudi Med J. 2008 Feb;29(2):293-5. PMID: 18246245. 14: Boctor FN, Dorion RP. Malaria and hereditary elliptocytosis. Am J Hematol. 2008 Sep;83(9):753. doi: 10.1002/ajh.21018. PMID: 17696197. 15: Schwarzwald CC, Hamlin RL, Bonagura JD, Nishijima Y, Meadows C, Carnes CA. Atrial, SA nodal, and AV nodal electrophysiology in standing horses: normal findings and electrophysiologic effects of quinidine and diltiazem. J Vet Intern Med. 2007 Jan-Feb;21(1):166-75. doi: 10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[166:asnaan]2.0.co;2. PMID: 17338165. 16: Raebel MA, Carroll NM, Andrade SE, Chester EA, Lafata JE, Feldstein A, Gunter MJ, Nelson WW, Simon SR, Chan KA, Davis RL, Platt R. Monitoring of drugs with a narrow therapeutic range in ambulatory care. Am J Manag Care. 2006 May;12(5):268-74. PMID: 16686584. 17: Levins TT. A 21-year-old woman from Africa with fever, anemia, and jaundice 7 days after arriving in the US. J Emerg Nurs. 2006 Feb;32(1):51-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2005.06.026. PMID: 16439288. 18: Newman RD, Parise ME, Barber AM, Steketee RW. Malaria-related deaths among U.S. travelers, 1963-2001. Ann Intern Med. 2004 Oct 5;141(7):547-55. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-141-7-200410050-00012. PMID: 15466772. 19: Rinard J, Rodriguez S, Ormseth E. Quinidine-induced gastric ulcer. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004 Sep;60(3):481-3. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5107(04)01716-x. PMID: 15332053. 20: From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Availability and use of parenteral quinidine gluconate for severe or complicated malaria. JAMA. 2001 Feb 14;285(6):730. doi: 10.1001/jama.285.6.730-jwr0214-4-1. PMID: 11236771.