Synonym
Pramipexole Dihydrochloride; Mirapex ER; Pramipexole hydrochloride; SND919; Mirapex; SUD 919CL2Y; SUD919CL2Y; U-98528E; Sifrol; SND 919; KNS-760704
IUPAC/Chemical Name
(6S)-6-N-propyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole-2,6-diamine dihydrochloride
InChi Key
OVFMIJINNIJYKB-XRIOVQLTSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C10H17N3S.2ClH/c1-2-4-10(12)5-3-7-8(6-10)14-9(11)13-7;;/h2-6,12H2,1H3,(H2,11,13);2*1H/t10-;;/m0../s1
SMILES Code
CCCNC1CCC2=C(C1)SC(=N2)N.Cl.Cl
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Biological target:
Pramipexole dihydrochloride (SND919) is a dopamine agonist of the non-ergoline class with Ki values of 3.9 nM, 2.2 nM, 0.5 nM and 5.1 nM for D2S receptor, D2L receptor, D3 receptor and D4 receptor.
In vitro activity:
To explore the role of PPX (Pramipexole) in MPP+-induced injury, the related miRNAs and mRNA were analyzed. In MPP+-treated SK-N-SH and CHP 212 cells, the expression of miR-494-3p was progressively elevated in a concentration dependent manner (Fig. 1a and Supplementary Fig. 1A). However, the treatment of PPX significantly decreased the level of miR-494-3p in the two cell lines challenged by MPP+ (Fig. 1b and Supplementary Fig. 1B). Moreover, the mRNA level of BDNF in SK-N-SH and CHP 212 cells was markedly reduced by the exposure of different concentrations of MPP+ (Fig. 1c and Supplementary Fig. 1C), while it was progressively up-regulated by the introduction of PPX (Fig. 1d and Supplementary Fig. 1D). These results suggested that abnormally expressed miR-494-3p and BDNF might be associated with the development of Parkinson’s disease.
Reference: Neurochem Res. 2020 Feb;45(2):268-277. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31811458/
In vivo activity:
After 14 d, regardless of whether rats received pramipexole, mRNA expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in nigrostriatal of model rats were higher than those in normal control group (IL-6: treated vs. control groups, mean (SD), 1.87 (0.38) vs. 1.04 (0.10), p = 0.001; untreated vs. control groups, mean (SD), 2.55 (0.28) vs. 1.04 (0.10), p <0.001. TNF-α: treated vs. control groups, mean (SD), 1.66 (0.07) vs. 0.82 (0.11), p <0.001; untreated vs. control groups, mean (SD), 2.07 (0.09) vs. 0.82 (0.11), p <0.001). However, this study observed that pramipexole decreased the mRNA expression of 2 inflammatory factors in treated group compared with those in untreated group (IL-6: treated vs. untreated groups, mean (SD), 1.87 (0.38) vs. 2.55 (0.28), p = 0.002. TNF-α: treated vs. untreated groups, mean (SD), 1.66 (0.07) vs. 2.07 (0.09), p <0.001) (Figure 2).
Reference: Arch Med Res. 2021 Jul 1:S0188-4409(21)00142-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34218945/
|
Solvent |
mg/mL |
mM |
comments |
| Solubility |
| Water |
20.0 |
70.40 |
|
| DMSO |
5.0 |
17.60 |
|
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.
Preparing Stock Solutions
The following data is based on the
product
molecular weight
284.25
Batch specific molecular weights may vary
from batch to batch
due to the degree of hydration, which will
affect the solvent
volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass |
1 mg |
5 mg |
10 mg |
| 1 mM |
1.15 mL |
5.76 mL |
11.51 mL |
| 5 mM |
0.23 mL |
1.15 mL |
2.3 mL |
| 10 mM |
0.12 mL |
0.58 mL |
1.15 mL |
| 50 mM |
0.02 mL |
0.12 mL |
0.23 mL |
Formulation protocol:
1. Deng C, Zhu J, Yuan J, Xiang Y, Dai L. Pramipexole Inhibits MPP+-Induced Neurotoxicity by miR-494-3p/BDNF. Neurochem Res. 2020 Feb;45(2):268-277. doi: 10.1007/s11064-019-02910-5. Epub 2019 Dec 6. PMID: 31811458.
2. Mo Y, Tang L, Ma Y, Wu S. Pramipexole pretreatment attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through upregulation of autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2016 May 13;473(4):1119-1124. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.026. Epub 2016 Apr 7. PMID: 27063800.
3. Jiang S, Gao H, Yong Y, Zhang H, Li P, Li Y, Luo Q, Yang X. Effect of Pramipexole on Inflammatory Response in Central Nervous System of Parkinson's Disease Rat Model. Arch Med Res. 2021 Jul 1:S0188-4409(21)00142-9. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.06.007. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34218945.
4. Gao H, Wang D, Wang YL, Mao JP, Jiang S, Yang XL. Pramipexole attenuates 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's disease by mediating the Nurr1/NF-κB pathway. Mol Biol Rep. 2021 Apr;48(4):3079-3087. doi: 10.1007/s11033-021-06343-8. Epub 2021 Apr 23. PMID: 33891271.
In vitro protocol:
1. Deng C, Zhu J, Yuan J, Xiang Y, Dai L. Pramipexole Inhibits MPP+-Induced Neurotoxicity by miR-494-3p/BDNF. Neurochem Res. 2020 Feb;45(2):268-277. doi: 10.1007/s11064-019-02910-5. Epub 2019 Dec 6. PMID: 31811458.
2. Mo Y, Tang L, Ma Y, Wu S. Pramipexole pretreatment attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through upregulation of autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2016 May 13;473(4):1119-1124. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.026. Epub 2016 Apr 7. PMID: 27063800.
In vivo protocol:
1. Jiang S, Gao H, Yong Y, Zhang H, Li P, Li Y, Luo Q, Yang X. Effect of Pramipexole on Inflammatory Response in Central Nervous System of Parkinson's Disease Rat Model. Arch Med Res. 2021 Jul 1:S0188-4409(21)00142-9. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.06.007. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34218945.
2. Gao H, Wang D, Wang YL, Mao JP, Jiang S, Yang XL. Pramipexole attenuates 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's disease by mediating the Nurr1/NF-κB pathway. Mol Biol Rep. 2021 Apr;48(4):3079-3087. doi: 10.1007/s11033-021-06343-8. Epub 2021 Apr 23. PMID: 33891271.
1: Ma L, Zhao Y, Li T, Piao J, Piao M. Study on the nasal drug delivery system of PPX microcapsules in situ thermosensitive gel. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2022 Sep;35(5):1423-1436. PMID: 36451573.
2: Phakey S, Rego T, Gaillard F, Panetta J, Evans A, De Jong G, Walterfang M. OCD symptoms in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency: a case report. BMC Psychiatry. 2020 Aug 5;20(1):395. doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02794-8. PMID: 32758201; PMCID: PMC7409703.
3: Kameya H, Hokama N, Hobara N, Ohshiro S, Uno T. Effects of a dopamine receptor agonist and atropine sulfate on absorption of valproic acid in rats. Biomed Res. 2009 Apr;30(2):101-6. doi: 10.2220/biomedres.30.101. PMID: 19420733.
4: Kleiner-Fisman G, Fisman DN. Risk factors for the development of pedal edema in patients using pramipexole. Arch Neurol. 2007 Jun;64(6):820-4. doi: 10.1001/archneur.64.6.noc60158. Epub 2007 Apr 9. PMID: 17420306.
5: Kohno Y, Takeuchi S. [Pharmacological profiles and clinical effects of antiparkinsonian agent, pramipexole]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 2004 Jun;123(6):429-40. Japanese. doi: 10.1254/fpj.123.429. PMID: 15170083.
6: Bayés M, Rabasseda X, Prous JR. Gateways to Clinical Trials. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Sep;24(7):431-55. PMID: 12428432.
7: Bayés M, Rabasseda X, Prous JR. Gateways to clinical trials. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Jul-Aug;24(6):371-91. PMID: 12224444.
8: Bayes M, Rabasseda X, Prous JR. Gateways to Clinical Trials. June 2002. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Jun;24(5):291-327. PMID: 12168506.
9: Bayes M, Rabasseda X, Prous JR. Gateways to Clinical Trials. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Apr;24(3):159-84. PMID: 12087878.
