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MedKoo Cat#: 558547 | Name: Pramipexole
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Pramipexole is a dopamine agonist that treats the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD; a disorder of the nervous system that causes difficulties with movement, muscle control, and balance), including shaking of parts of the body, stiffness, slowed movements, and problems with balance.

Chemical Structure

Pramipexole
Pramipexole
CAS#104632-26-0 (free base)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 558547

Name: Pramipexole

CAS#: 104632-26-0 (free base)

Chemical Formula: C10H17N3S

Exact Mass: 211.1143

Molecular Weight: 211.33

Elemental Analysis: C, 56.84; H, 8.11; N, 19.88; S, 15.17

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
200mg USD 150.00 2 Weeks
500mg USD 285.00 2 Weeks
1g USD 450.00 2 Weeks
2g USD 750.00 2 Weeks
5g USD 1,350.00 2 Weeks
10g USD 2,250.00 2 Weeks
20g USD 3,250.00 2 Weeks
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Related CAS #
104632-26-0 (free base) 104632-25-9 (2HCl) 191217-81-9 (2HCl hydrate)
Synonym
Pramipexole; Oprymea; Pramipexol; Pramipexolum;
IUPAC/Chemical Name
(S)-2-Amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-6-(propylamino)benzothiazole
InChi Key
FASDKYOPVNHBLU-ZETCQYMHSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C10H17N3S/c1-2-5-12-7-3-4-8-9(6-7)14-10(11)13-8/h7,12H,2-6H2,1H3,(H2,11,13)/t7-/m0/s1
SMILES Code
CCCN[C@H](C1)CCC2=C1SC(N)=N2
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>3 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.03.00
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Pramipexole is a selective and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant dopamine D2-type receptor agonist, with Kis of 2.2 nM, 3.9 nM, 0.5 nM and 1.3 nM for D2-type receptor, D2, D3 and D4 receptors, respectively.
In vitro activity:
Pramipexole reduced levodopa-induced THir cell loss in a dose-dependent and saturable fashion (ED50 = 500 pM), its inactive stereoisomer was significantly less potent in this regard and pergolide and bromocriptine had negligible cytoprotective effects. Culture media from mesencephalic cultures incubated with pramipexole for 6 days increased THir cell counts in freshly harvested recipient cultures. The magnitude of this effect was directly proportional to the amount of pramipexole in the donor cultures and heat-inactivation of the media abolished the growth promoting effect. The results from this exploratory set of experiments suggest that pramipexole may be cytoprotective to dopamine neurons in tissue culture. Reference: J Neural Transm (Vienna). 1997;104(2-3):209-28. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9203083/
In vivo activity:
This study examined the possible mitochondrial role of pramipexole in promoting neuroprotection following an ischemic stroke of rat. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of various proteins such as Bax, Bcl-2 and cytochrome c Pramipexole promoted the neurological recovery as shown by the panel of neurobehavioral tests and TTC staining. Post-stroke treatment with pramipexole reduced levels of mitochondrial ROS and Ca2+ after ischemia. Pramipexole elevated the mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Western blotting showed that pramipexole inhibited the transfer of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol, and hence inhibited the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Reference: Dis Model Mech. 2019 Aug 29;12(8):dmm033860. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31235613/
Solvent mg/mL mM comments
Solubility
DMSO 71.0 335.97
Ethanol 42.0 198.74
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 211.33 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Okura T, Ito R, Ishiguro N, Tamai I, Deguchi Y. Blood-brain barrier transport of pramipexole, a dopamine D2 agonist. Life Sci. 2007 Apr 3;80(17):1564-71. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.01.035. Epub 2007 Jan 27. PMID: 17307202. 2. Carvey PM, Pieri S, Ling ZD. Attenuation of levodopa-induced toxicity in mesencephalic cultures by pramipexole. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 1997;104(2-3):209-28. doi: 10.1007/BF01273182. PMID: 9203083. 3. Kang X, Liu L, Wang W, Wang Y. Effects of different doses of dopamine receptor agonist pramipexole on neurobehaviors and changes of mitochondrial membrane potentials in rats with global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2023 Jul;32(7):107142. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107142. Epub 2023 Apr 25. PMID: 37105127. 4. Andrabi SS, Ali M, Tabassum H, Parveen S, Parvez S. Pramipexole prevents ischemic cell death via mitochondrial pathways in ischemic stroke. Dis Model Mech. 2019 Aug 29;12(8):dmm033860. doi: 10.1242/dmm.033860. PMID: 31235613; PMCID: PMC6737958.
In vitro protocol:
1. Okura T, Ito R, Ishiguro N, Tamai I, Deguchi Y. Blood-brain barrier transport of pramipexole, a dopamine D2 agonist. Life Sci. 2007 Apr 3;80(17):1564-71. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.01.035. Epub 2007 Jan 27. PMID: 17307202. 2. Carvey PM, Pieri S, Ling ZD. Attenuation of levodopa-induced toxicity in mesencephalic cultures by pramipexole. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 1997;104(2-3):209-28. doi: 10.1007/BF01273182. PMID: 9203083.
In vivo protocol:
1. Kang X, Liu L, Wang W, Wang Y. Effects of different doses of dopamine receptor agonist pramipexole on neurobehaviors and changes of mitochondrial membrane potentials in rats with global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2023 Jul;32(7):107142. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107142. Epub 2023 Apr 25. PMID: 37105127. 2. Andrabi SS, Ali M, Tabassum H, Parveen S, Parvez S. Pramipexole prevents ischemic cell death via mitochondrial pathways in ischemic stroke. Dis Model Mech. 2019 Aug 29;12(8):dmm033860. doi: 10.1242/dmm.033860. PMID: 31235613; PMCID: PMC6737958.
1: Park KM, Kim KT, Lee DA, Cho YW. Alterations in functional brain connectivity following treatment for restless legs syndrome: The role of symptom improvement in restoring functional connectivity. J Sleep Res. 2024 Aug 4:e14303. doi: 10.1111/jsr.14303. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39098007. 2: Guevara-Salinas A, Netzahualcoyotzi C, Álvarez-Luquín DD, Pérez-Figueroa E, Sevilla-Reyes EE, Castellanos-Barba C, Vega-Ángeles VT, Terán-Dávila E, Estudillo E, Velasco I, Adalid-Peralta L. Treating activated regulatory T cells with pramipexole protects human dopaminergic neurons from 6-OHDA-induced degeneration. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2024 Aug;30(8):e14883. doi: 10.1111/cns.14883. PMID: 39097919; PMCID: PMC11298200. 3: Szabadi E. Three paradoxes related to the mode of action of pramipexole: The path from D2/D3 dopamine receptor stimulation to modification of dopamine- modulated functions. J Psychopharmacol. 2024 Jul;38(7):581-596. doi: 10.1177/02698811241261022. Epub 2024 Jul 23. PMID: 39041250. 4: Ari BC, Sahin E. Restless Genital Syndrome: A Case Report of the Challenging Diagnosis. Cureus. 2024 Jun 9;16(6):e61994. doi: 10.7759/cureus.61994. PMID: 38984010; PMCID: PMC11233155. 5: Huenchuguala S, Segura-Aguilar J. Targets to Search for New Pharmacological Treatment in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease According to the Single-Neuron Degeneration Model. Biomolecules. 2024 Jun 8;14(6):673. doi: 10.3390/biom14060673. PMID: 38927076; PMCID: PMC11201619. 6: Myllylahti L, Niskanen L, Lassila R, Haukka J. A pharmacoepidemiological nested case-control study of risk factors for venous thromboembolism with the focus on diabetes, cancer, socioeconomic group, medications, and comorbidities. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2024 May-Jun;21(3):14791641241236894. doi: 10.1177/14791641241236894. PMID: 38904171; PMCID: PMC11193353. 7: Eguchi S, Yokotsuka-Ishida S, Arai Y, Sasayama D, Maeda T, Kanaya K, Fukuyama T, Nomura K, Washizuka S. Exacerbation of restless legs syndrome following amygdalohippocampectomy: A case report. PCN Rep. 2024 Jun 19;3(2):e213. doi: 10.1002/pcn5.213. PMID: 38904065; PMCID: PMC11186739. 8: Vasiliu O. Current evidence and future perspectives in the exploration of sleep-related eating disorder-a systematic literature review. Front Psychiatry. 2024 May 30;15:1393337. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1393337. PMID: 38873533; PMCID: PMC11169790. 9: Savva K, Zachariou M, Bourdakou MM, Dietis N, Spyrou GM. DReAmocracy: A Method to Capitalise on Prior Drug Discovery Efforts to Highlight Candidate Drugs for Repurposing. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 May 13;25(10):5319. doi: 10.3390/ijms25105319. PMID: 38791356; PMCID: PMC11121186. 10: Wang TT, Liu C, Zhang L, Zhu JG. Clinical effects of Madopar with pramipexole in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Asian J Surg. 2024 Aug;47(8):3780-3781. doi: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.04.126. Epub 2024 May 22. PMID: 38782691. 11: Yeh WC, Li YS, Chang YP, Hsu CY. Dopamine agonists in restless leg syndrome treatment and their effects on sleep parameters: A systematic review and meta- analysis. Sleep Med. 2024 Jul;119:379-388. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.05.011. Epub 2024 May 10. PMID: 38761607. 12: Shao Y, Chen Y, Wang S, Li C, Sun H, Sun X. Suspected duloxetine-induced restless legs syndrome phenotypic variant: a case report. BMC Psychiatry. 2024 May 10;24(1):349. doi: 10.1186/s12888-024-05763-7. PMID: 38730422; PMCID: PMC11088019. 13: Kaasalainen S, Arikka H, Martikainen MH, Kaasinen V. Novel SLC18A2 Variant in Infantile Dystonia-Parkinsonism Type 2. Case Rep Neurol Med. 2024 Apr 30;2024:4767647. doi: 10.1155/2024/4767647. PMID: 38716424; PMCID: PMC11074866. 14: Zhang Y, Chen Q, Sun Q, Tang M, Yang Y, Guo ZN, Wang Z. Compromised Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation in Patients with Restless Legs Syndrome. Nat Sci Sleep. 2024 Apr 30;16:431-443. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S448579. PMID: 38706925; PMCID: PMC11069370. 15: Li P, Wang T, Guo H, Liu Y, Zhao H, Ren T, Tang Y, Wang Y, Zou M. Pramipexole improves depression-like behavior in diabetes mellitus with depression rats by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation and preventing impaired neuroplasticity. J Affect Disord. 2024 Jul 1;356:586-596. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.073. Epub 2024 Apr 22. PMID: 38657764. 16: Baba-Aissa S, Cooke L, Alner V, Ahmed MH. Hypokalaemia associated with excessive cola-flavoured drinks consumption. BMJ Case Rep. 2024 Apr 22;17(4):e258873. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2023-258873. PMID: 38649244; PMCID: PMC11043727. 17: Carbone F, Djamshidian A. Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson's Disease: An Overview of Risk Factors, Pathogenesis and Pharmacological Management. CNS Drugs. 2024 Jun;38(6):443-457. doi: 10.1007/s40263-024-01087-y. Epub 2024 Apr 13. PMID: 38613665; PMCID: PMC11098885. 18: McGuckin MB, Hutton ARJ, Davis ER, Sabri AHB, Ripolin A, Himawan A, Naser YA, Ghanma R, Greer B, McCarthy HO, Paredes AJ, Larrañeta E, Donnelly RF. Transdermal Delivery of Pramipexole Using Microneedle Technology for the Potential Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Pharm. 2024 May 6;21(5):2512-2533. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00065. Epub 2024 Apr 11. PMID: 38602861; PMCID: PMC11080471. 19: Ventura-Martínez R, Ángeles-López GE, González-Ugalde D, Domínguez-Páez T, Navarrete-Vázquez G, Jaimez R, Déciga-Campos M. Antinociceptive effect of LMH-2, a new sigma-1 receptor antagonist analog of haloperidol, on the neuropathic pain of diabetic mice. Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 May;174:116524. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116524. Epub 2024 Apr 3. PMID: 38574622. 20: Wang Z, Huang PE, Wang N, Zhang Q, Kang J, Fang Y, Ning B, Li L. β-asarone inhibits autophagy by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in a rat model of depression in Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res. 2024 May 8;465:114966. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114966. Epub 2024 Mar 20. PMID: 38518853.

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