Minoxidil free base | CAS#38304-91-5

MedKoo Cat#: 318278 | Name: Minoxidil free base

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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Minoxidil is an antihypertensive and a vasodilator. Minoxidil, applied topically, is used for the treatment of hair loss. It is effective in helping promote hair growth in people with androgenic alopecia regardless of sex. Minoxidil is an adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel opener, causing hyperpolarization of cell membranes. Minoxidil stimulates prostaglandin E2 production by activating COX-1 and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-1 but inhibits prostacyclin production. minoxidil contains a nitric oxide moiety and may act as a nitric oxide agonist.

Chemical Structure

Minoxidil free base

CAS#38304-91-5 (free base)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 318278

Name: Minoxidil free base

CAS#: 38304-91-5 (free base)

Chemical Formula: C9H15N5O

Exact Mass: 209.1277

Molecular Weight: 209.25

Elemental Analysis: C, 51.66; H, 7.23; N, 33.47; O, 7.65

Price and Availability

Size	Price	Availability
5g	USD 450.00	2 weeks
10g	USD 550.00	2 Weeks
20g	USD 750.00	2 Weeks
100g	USD 1,650.00	2 Weeks

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Related CAS #

38304-91-5 (free base) 127228-87-9 (HCl) 210357-39-4 (sulfate) 158473-55-3 (tartrate)

Synonym

Minoxidil, Loniten, Rogaine, U 10858

IUPAC/Chemical Name

3-hydroxy-2-imino-6-piperidin-1-ylpyrimidin-4-amine

InChi Key

ZIMGGGWCDYVHOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChi Code

InChI=1S/C9H15N5O/c10-7-6-8(12-9(11)14(7)15)13-4-2-1-3-5-13/h6,11,15H,1-5,10H2

SMILES Code

NC1=CC(N2CCCCC2)=NC(N1O)=N

Appearance

Solid powder

Purity

>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition

Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition

Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility

Soluble in DMSO, not in water

Shelf Life

>2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation

This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage

0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code

2934.99.9001

More Info

Product Data

Product Data

Instruction

View handling instruction

Biological target:

Minoxidil (U10858) is an ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel opener. Minoxidil is also a potent inhibitor of soybean lipoxygenaseare with an IC50 of 20 μM.

In vitro activity:

DPC (dermal papilla cells) incubated with increasing minoxidil concentrations (0.2, 2, 6, 12 and 24 mumol/L) induced a dose-dependent expression of VEGF mRNA. Quantification of transcripts showed that DPC stimulated with 24 mumol/L minoxidil express six times more VEGF mRNA than controls. Similarly, VEGF protein production increases in cell extracts and conditioned media following minoxidil stimulation. Reference: Br J Dermatol. 1998 Mar;138(3):407-11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9580790/

In vivo activity:

Despite causing a persistent decrease in blood pressure in SHR, minoxidil further increased left and right ventricular weights and left ventricular internal diameter. In the mesenteric arterial bed of SHR, minoxidil increased the lumen of the superior mesenteric artery, and prevented further increases in the medial area of the large and small mesenteric arteries. After 10 weeks' treatment with minoxidil, noradrenaline turnover rates were still significantly increased in the left ventricle but were decreased in the mesenteric arteries in the SHR. Minoxidil increased plasma and blood volumes, the increases being largely prevented by concomitant diuretic treatment. Reference: J Hypertens. 1993 Dec;11(12):1337-45. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8133016/

	Solvent	mg/mL	mM
Solubility
	DMSO	3.6	17.28
	Ethanol	5.1	24.34
	PBS (pH 7.2)	1.0	4.78
	Water	1.0	4.78

Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 209.25 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	1.15 mL	5.76 mL	11.51 mL
5 mM	0.23 mL	1.15 mL	2.3 mL
10 mM	0.12 mL	0.58 mL	1.15 mL
50 mM	0.02 mL	0.12 mL	0.23 mL

Formulation protocol:

1. Lachgar S, Charveron M, Gall Y, Bonafe JL. Minoxidil upregulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human hair dermal papilla cells. Br J Dermatol. 1998 Mar;138(3):407-11. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02115.x. PMID: 9580790. 2. Cohen RL, Alves ME, Weiss VC, West DP, Chambers DA. Direct effects of minoxidil on epidermal cells in culture. J Invest Dermatol. 1984 Jan;82(1):90-3. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12259181. PMID: 6197493. 3. Oaku Y, Abe A, Sasano Y, Sasaki F, Kubota C, Yamamoto N, Nagahama T, Nagai N. Minoxidil Nanoparticles Targeting Hair Follicles Enhance Hair Growth in C57BL/6 Mice. Pharmaceutics. 2022 Apr 27;14(5):947. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050947. PMID: 35631533; PMCID: PMC9145891. 4. Tsoporis J, Fields N, Lee RM, Leenen FH. Effects of the arterial vasodilator minoxidil on cardiovascular structure and sympathetic activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens. 1993 Dec;11(12):1337-45. doi: 10.1097/00004872-199312000-00004. PMID: 8133016.

In vitro protocol:

In vivo protocol:

1. Oaku Y, Abe A, Sasano Y, Sasaki F, Kubota C, Yamamoto N, Nagahama T, Nagai N. Minoxidil Nanoparticles Targeting Hair Follicles Enhance Hair Growth in C57BL/6 Mice. Pharmaceutics. 2022 Apr 27;14(5):947. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050947. PMID: 35631533; PMCID: PMC9145891. 2. Tsoporis J, Fields N, Lee RM, Leenen FH. Effects of the arterial vasodilator minoxidil on cardiovascular structure and sympathetic activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens. 1993 Dec;11(12):1337-45. doi: 10.1097/00004872-199312000-00004. PMID: 8133016.

1: Kiratiwongwan R, Boonchai W, Kanokrungsee S. Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Topical Preparations Containing Minoxidil: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis. Dermatitis. 2024 Jun 17. doi: 10.1089/derm.2024.0092. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38885151. 2: Williams KN, Olukoga CTY, Tosti A. Evaluation of the Safety and Effectiveness of Oral Minoxidil in Children: A Systematic Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2024 Jul;14(7):1709-1727. doi: 10.1007/s13555-024-01197-x. Epub 2024 Jun 11. PMID: 38861138; PMCID: PMC11264662. 3: Aledani EM, Kaur H, Kasapoglu M, Yadavalli R, Nawaz S, Althwanay A, Nath TS. Mesotherapy as a Promising Alternative to Minoxidil for Androgenetic Alopecia: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2024 May 5;16(5):e59705. doi: 10.7759/cureus.59705. PMID: 38841017; PMCID: PMC11152360. 4: Raval RS, Nohria A, Desai D, Mourtzanakis K, Buontempo M, Shapiro J, Lo Sicco K. The use of minoxidil in the treatment of alopecia areata: A systematic review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2024 May 23:S0190-9622(24)00796-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.05.037. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38796079. 5: Ly N, McClure EM, Hordinsky MK, Farah RS, Park SY. Safety and Efficacy of Minoxidil Treatment in Scarring Alopecia: A Scoping Review. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024 Mar 1;23(3):146-151. doi: 10.36849/jdd.7743. PMID: 38443124. 6: Darchini-Maragheh E, Rees H, Moussa A, Bokhari L, Jones L, Sinclair R. Role of systemic minoxidil in the treatment of alopecia areata: A scoping review to direct future research. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2024 Jun;90(6):1304-1306. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.02.031. Epub 2024 Feb 28. PMID: 38423467. 7: Gupta AK, Talukder M, Shemer A. Efficacy and safety of low-dose oral minoxidil in the management of androgenetic alopecia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2024 Feb;25(2):139-147. doi: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2314087. Epub 2024 Feb 6. PMID: 38315101. 8: Godse K, De A, Vedamurthy M, Shankar DSK, Shah B, Girdhar M, Bhat R, Ganjoo A, Tahiliani S, Patil A. Low-dose Oral Minoxidil in the Treatment of Alopecia: Evidence and Experience-based Consensus Statement of Indian Experts. Int J Trichology. 2023 May-Jun;15(3):91-97. doi: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_70_23. Epub 2023 Dec 1. PMID: 38179013; PMCID: PMC10763725. 9: Gupta AK, Wang T, Bamimore MA, Polla Ravi S, Talukder M. Relative Effects of Minoxidil 5%, Platelet-Rich Plasma, and Microneedling in Pattern Hair Loss: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Skin Appendage Disord. 2023 Dec;9(6):397-406. doi: 10.1159/000534196. Epub 2023 Oct 27. PMID: 38058547; PMCID: PMC10697753. 10: Udare S, Baruah A, Mathur A, Dayananda TR, Jain K, Puhan MR, Bajaj P, Sharma R, Gamit SR, Ramesh V, Venugopal V, Karthik V, Neena Gala MY, Muchhala S, Mane A. Positioning of Low Alcohol or Alcohol-Free Minoxidil Formulation for the Management of Androgenetic Alopecia: Indian Perspective. Int J Trichology. 2023 Jan-Feb;15(1):13-17. doi: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_54_22. Epub 2023 Apr 19. PMID: 37305189; PMCID: PMC10251296. 11: Tavakoli MR, Faraji M, Sam S, Ghasempour A, Rezaei M, Langarizadeh MA, Karami-Mohajeri S. Erectile dysfunction from mechanisms to medicines with a focus on the application of topical Minoxidil. Sex Med Rev. 2023 Apr 3;11(2):114-123. doi: 10.1093/sxmrev/qead001. PMID: 36857310. 12: Zhang J, Lin P, Lin H, Ma C, Hu Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Laser and light therapy combined with topical minoxidil for alopecia areata: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lasers Med Sci. 2023 Feb 17;38(1):74. doi: 10.1007/s10103-023-03734-0. PMID: 36800063. 13: Ramírez-Marín HA, Tosti A. Role of Oral Minoxidil in Patterned Hair Loss. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2022 Oct 12;13(6):729-733. doi: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_246_22. PMID: 36386734; PMCID: PMC9650732. 14: Saleem K, Siddiqui B, Ur Rehman A, Taqi MM, Ahmed N. Exploiting Recent Trends in the Treatment of Androgenic Alopecia through Topical Nanocarriers of Minoxidil. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2022 Nov 1;23(8):292. doi: 10.1208/s12249-022-02444-0. PMID: 36319878. 15: Modha JD, Pathania YS. Comprehensive review of oral minoxidil in alopecia. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022 Nov;21(11):5527-5531. doi: 10.1111/jocd.15324. Epub 2022 Sep 20. PMID: 36065675. 16: Pietrauszka K, Bergler-Czop B. Sulfotransferase SULT1A1 activity in hair follicle, a prognostic marker of response to the minoxidil treatment in patients with androgenetic alopecia: a review. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2022 Jun;39(3):472-478. doi: 10.5114/ada.2020.99947. Epub 2020 Oct 16. PMID: 35950120; PMCID: PMC9326921. 17: Gupta AK, Talukder M, Williams G. Comparison of oral minoxidil, finasteride, and dutasteride for treating androgenetic alopecia. J Dermatolog Treat. 2022 Nov;33(7):2946-2962. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2022.2109567. Epub 2022 Aug 15. PMID: 35920739. 18: Singh S, Patil A, Kianfar N, Waśkiel-Burnat A, Rudnicka L, Sinclair R, Goldust M. Does topical minoxidil at concentrations higher than 5% provide additional clinical benefit? Clin Exp Dermatol. 2022 Nov;47(11):1951-1955. doi: 10.1111/ced.15338. PMID: 35881665. 19: Nilforoushzadeh MA, Heidari-Kharaji M, Torkamaniha E, Sadeghi S, Seirafianpour F, Yekaninejad MS, Behrangi E, Roohaninasab M, Amini Z, Goodarzi A. The first study on combined carboxytherapy and minoxidil 20% in the treatment of Lichen planopilaris: A case series and literature review. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022 Nov;21(11):6453-6455. doi: 10.1111/jocd.15079. Epub 2022 Jun 2. PMID: 35559595. 20: Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; 2006–. Minoxidil. 2022 Mar 21. PMID: 30000091.