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MedKoo Cat#: 317973 | Name: Gliquidone
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Gliquidone is a second-generation sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent that acts primarily by stimulating insulin release from pancreatic β-cells. It exerts its bioactivity through high-affinity binding to the ATP-sensitive potassium (K_ATP) channels on β-cell membranes, particularly the SUR1 subunit, leading to channel closure, membrane depolarization, and subsequent opening of voltage-dependent calcium channels, thereby promoting insulin secretion. Reported EC₅₀ values for K_ATP channel inhibition range from 10 to 50 nM in isolated rat or mouse pancreatic islets, indicating high potency.

Chemical Structure

Gliquidone
Gliquidone
CAS#33342-05-1 (free)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 317973

Name: Gliquidone

CAS#: 33342-05-1 (free)

Chemical Formula: C27H33N3O6S

Exact Mass: 527.2090

Molecular Weight: 527.64

Elemental Analysis: C, 61.46; H, 6.30; N, 7.96; O, 18.19; S, 6.08

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
1g USD 350.00 2 Weeks
5g USD 650.00 2 Weeks
10g USD 950.00 2 Weeks
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Related CAS #
62783-47-5 (sodium) 33342-05-1 (free)
Synonym
Gliquidone; Glycvidon; Glurenorm; Glikvidon; Gliquidonum; Beglynor; Gliquidona; ARDF 26; ARDF-26; AR-DF 26
IUPAC/Chemical Name
1-cyclohexyl-3-[4-[2-(7-methoxy-4,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxoisoquinolin-2-yl)ethyl]phenyl]sulfonylurea
InChi Key
LLJFMFZYVVLQKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C27H33N3O6S/c1-27(2)23-14-11-20(36-3)17-22(23)24(31)30(25(27)32)16-15-18-9-12-21(13-10-18)37(34,35)29-26(33)28-19-7-5-4-6-8-19/h9-14,17,19H,4-8,15-16H2,1-3H3,(H2,28,29,33)
SMILES Code
CC1(C2=C(C=C(C=C2)OC)C(=O)N(C1=O)CCC3=CC=C(C=C3)S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC4CCCCC4)C
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Gliquidone (Glurenorm) is an ATP-sensitive K+ channel antagonist with IC50 of 27.2 nM.
In vitro activity:
In HRECs, HG (high glucose) treatment remarkably decreased the cell viability, but promoted caspase-3 activity and apoptosis (Fig. 2A-C, P < 0.01). After addition of GLI, HG-induced HRECs showed the increased cell viability and the reduced caspase-3 activity and apoptosis rate (P < 0.01). Reference: BMC Ophthalmol. 2021 Dec 27;21(1):451. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34961513/
In vivo activity:
Treatment with 20 mg/kg gliquidone significantly decreased the LPS-induced increases in Iba-1 immunoreactivity, Iba-1-positive cells, and Iba-1-labeled area in the cortex and hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions (Figures 1A–E). By contrast, administration of 10 mg/kg gliquidone significantly reduced the LPS-induced increases in Iba-1 intensity, Iba-1-positive cells, and Iba-1-labeled area only in the hippocampal CA3 region (Figures 1C–E). These results indicated that a gliquidone dose of 20 mg/kg more effectively downregulates LPS-mediated microgliosis and changes in microglial kinetics and morphology in the wild-type mouse brain. Reference: Front Aging Neurosci. 2021 Oct 29;13:754123. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34776934/
Solvent mg/mL mM
Solubility
DMF 30.0 56.86
DMSO 60.0 113.71
DMSO:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:5) 0.2 0.30
Ethanol 1.0 1.90
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 527.64 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Yu M, Zhang L, Sun S, Zhang Z. Gliquidone improves retinal injury to relieve diabetic retinopathy via regulation of SIRT1/Notch1 pathway. BMC Ophthalmol. 2021 Dec 27;21(1):451. doi: 10.1186/s12886-021-02215-8. PMID: 34961513; PMCID: PMC8711144. 2. Kim J, Park JH, Shah K, Mitchell SJ, Cho K, Hoe HS. The Anti-diabetic Drug Gliquidone Modulates Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Microglial Neuroinflammatory Responses by Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021 Oct 29;13:754123. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.754123. PMID: 34776934; PMCID: PMC8587901. 3. Tian H, Yang J, Xie Z, Liu J. Gliquidone Alleviates Diabetic Nephropathy by Inhibiting Notch/Snail Signaling Pathway. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018;51(5):2085-2097. doi: 10.1159/000495827. Epub 2018 Dec 6. PMID: 30522115.
In vitro protocol:
1. Yu M, Zhang L, Sun S, Zhang Z. Gliquidone improves retinal injury to relieve diabetic retinopathy via regulation of SIRT1/Notch1 pathway. BMC Ophthalmol. 2021 Dec 27;21(1):451. doi: 10.1186/s12886-021-02215-8. PMID: 34961513; PMCID: PMC8711144.
In vivo protocol:
1. Kim J, Park JH, Shah K, Mitchell SJ, Cho K, Hoe HS. The Anti-diabetic Drug Gliquidone Modulates Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Microglial Neuroinflammatory Responses by Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021 Oct 29;13:754123. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.754123. PMID: 34776934; PMCID: PMC8587901. 2. Tian H, Yang J, Xie Z, Liu J. Gliquidone Alleviates Diabetic Nephropathy by Inhibiting Notch/Snail Signaling Pathway. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018;51(5):2085-2097. doi: 10.1159/000495827. Epub 2018 Dec 6. PMID: 30522115.
1: Vázquez C, Encalada R, Jiménez-Galicia I, Gómez-Escobedo R, Rivera G, Nogueda-Torres B, Saavedra E. Repurposing the Antidiabetic Drugs Glyburide, Gliquidone, and Glipizide in Combination with Benznidazole for Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024 Dec 27;18(1):21. doi: 10.3390/ph18010021. PMID: 39861083; PMCID: PMC11768481. 2: Yang C, Li Q, Hu F, Liu Y, Wang K. Inhibition of Cardiac Kv4.3/KChIP2 Channels by Sulfonylurea Drug Gliquidone. Mol Pharmacol. 2024 Feb 15;105(3):224-232. doi: 10.1124/molpharm.123.000787. PMID: 38164605. 3: Zeba A, Sekar K, Ganjiwale A. M Protein from Dengue virus oligomerizes to pentameric channel protein: in silico analysis study. Genomics Inform. 2023 Sep;21(3):e41. doi: 10.5808/gi.23035. Epub 2023 Sep 27. PMID: 37813637; PMCID: PMC10584644. 4: Huang L, Zhang X, Luo L, Mu H, Li W, Wang R. Effects of high-altitude environment on pharmacokinetic parameters of gliquidone in rats. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2022 Aug 1;51(4):389-396. English. doi: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0129. PMID: 37202102; PMCID: PMC10264973. 5: Ye Z, Xian W, Ling GU, Zihang LI, Jingtian Z, Wenkai W, Liang Z, Mei X. Efficacy of Danggui Buxue decoction on diabetic nephropathy-induced renal fibrosis in rats and possible mechanism. J Tradit Chin Med. 2023 Jun;43(3):507-513. doi: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20230214.004. PMID: 37147752; PMCID: PMC10133953. 6: Shen M, Ding P, Luan G, Du T, Deng S. The antiviral activity of a small molecule drug targeting the NSP1-ribosome complex against Omicron, especially in elderly patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023 Mar 7;13:1141274. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1141274. PMID: 36960047; PMCID: PMC10027911. 7: Xu L, Shen W, Liu Y, Zhang M, Yang Y, Yin D. Fenpropathrin increases gliquidone absorption via causing damage to the integrity of intestinal barrier. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022 Sep 1;242:113882. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113882. Epub 2022 Jul 13. PMID: 35841655. 8: Yu M, Zhang L, Sun S, Zhang Z. Gliquidone improves retinal injury to relieve diabetic retinopathy via regulation of SIRT1/Notch1 pathway. BMC Ophthalmol. 2021 Dec 27;21(1):451. doi: 10.1186/s12886-021-02215-8. PMID: 34961513; PMCID: PMC8711144. 9: Kim J, Park JH, Shah K, Mitchell SJ, Cho K, Hoe HS. The Anti-diabetic Drug Gliquidone Modulates Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Microglial Neuroinflammatory Responses by Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021 Oct 29;13:754123. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.754123. PMID: 34776934; PMCID: PMC8587901. 10: Chen Y, Lin X, Zheng Y, Yu W, Lin F, Zhang J. Dendrobium Mixture Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy in db/db Mice by Regulating the TGF-β1/Smads Signaling Pathway. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Sep 30;2021:9931983. doi: 10.1155/2021/9931983. PMID: 34630622; PMCID: PMC8497096. 11: Chen Y, Zheng YF, Lin XH, Zhang JP, Lin F, Shi H. Dendrobium mixture attenuates renal damage in rats with diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Mol Med Rep. 2021 Aug;24(2):590. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12229. Epub 2021 Jun 24. PMID: 34165163; PMCID: PMC8222963. 12: Zhang R, Zhou X, Sheng Q, Zhang Q, Xie T, Xu C, Zou Z, Dong J, Liao L. Gliquidone ameliorates hepatic insulin resistance in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sur1-/- rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2021 Sep 5;906:174221. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174221. Epub 2021 Jun 1. PMID: 34081903. 13: Potmešil P, Szotkowská R. Drug-induced liver injury after switching from tamoxifen to anastrozole in a patient with a history of breast cancer being treated for hypertension and diabetes. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2020 Nov 16;11:2040622320964152. doi: 10.1177/2040622320964152. Erratum in: Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2021 Apr 12;12:20406223211002790. doi: 10.1177/20406223211002790. PMID: 33240477; PMCID: PMC7675855. 14: Qu H, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Li H, Liu X, Xiong X, Zhang L, Gu J, Yang G, Zhu Z, Zheng H, Ouyang Q. The potential effects of clinical antidiabetic agents on SARS-CoV-2. J Diabetes. 2021 Mar;13(3):243-252. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.13135. Epub 2020 Dec 19. PMID: 33210826; PMCID: PMC7753367. 15: Juárez-Saldivar A, Schroeder M, Salentin S, Haupt VJ, Saavedra E, Vázquez C, Reyes-Espinosa F, Herrera-Mayorga V, Villalobos-Rocha JC, García-Pérez CA, Campillo NE, Rivera G. Computational Drug Repositioning for Chagas Disease Using Protein-Ligand Interaction Profiling. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jun 16;21(12):4270. doi: 10.3390/ijms21124270. PMID: 32560043; PMCID: PMC7348847. 16: Zhang J, Du YL, Zhang H, Sui H, Hou WK. Ligliptin for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with early renal injury: Efficacy and impact on endogenous hydrogen sulfide and endothelial function. World J Clin Cases. 2020 May 26;8(10):1878-1886. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i10.1878. PMID: 32518777; PMCID: PMC7262708. 17: Christensen SL, Munro G, Petersen S, Shabir A, Jansen-Olesen I, Kristensen DM, Olesen J. ATP sensitive potassium (KATP) channel inhibition: A promising new drug target for migraine. Cephalalgia. 2020 Jun;40(7):650-664. doi: 10.1177/0333102420925513. Epub 2020 May 16. PMID: 32418458. 18: Li M, Yin D, Li J, Shao F, Zhang Q, Jiang Q, Zhang M, Yang Y. Rosmarinic acid, the active component of Salvia miltiorrhizae, improves gliquidone transport by regulating the expression and function of P-gp and BCRP in Caco-2 cells. Pharmazie. 2020 Jan 2;75(1):18-22. doi: 10.1691/ph.2020.9754. PMID: 32033628. 19: Mohamed MS, Abdelhafez WA, Zayed G, Samy AM. Optimization, in-vitro Release and in-vivo Evaluation of Gliquidone Nanoparticles. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2019 Dec 26;21(2):35. doi: 10.1208/s12249-019-1577-7. PMID: 31879830. 20: Lowes DJ, Hevener KE, Peters BM. Second-Generation Antidiabetic Sulfonylureas Inhibit Candida albicans and Candidalysin-Mediated Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020 Jan 27;64(2):e01777-19. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01777-19. PMID: 31712208; PMCID: PMC6985747.