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MedKoo Cat#: 317540 | Name: Clenbuterol HCl
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Clenbuterol is a sympathomimetic β2-adrenoceptor agonist that has been used as a bronchodilator in the treatment of pulmonary diseases such as asthma. At higher doses, clenbuterol acts as an anabolic steroid, favoring skeletal muscle protein synthesis at the expense of fat deposition. Clenbuterol, Inhibits or Limits Post-Stroke Pneumonia, but Increases Infarct Volume in MCAO Mice. Clenbuterol exerts antidiabetic activity through metabolic reprogramming of skeletal muscle cells. Clenbuterol reduces the neuroinflammatory response, neutrophil infiltration and apoptosis following intra-striatal IL-1β administration to rats.

Chemical Structure

Clenbuterol HCl
Clenbuterol HCl
CAS#21898-19-1 (HCl)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 317540

Name: Clenbuterol HCl

CAS#: 21898-19-1 (HCl)

Chemical Formula: C12H19Cl3N2O

Exact Mass: 0.0000

Molecular Weight: 313.65

Elemental Analysis: C, 45.95; H, 6.11; Cl, 33.91; N, 8.93; O, 5.10

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
25mg USD 285.00 2 weeks
50mg USD 495.00 2 weeks
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Related CAS #
37148-27-9 (free base) 21898-19-1 (HCl)
Synonym
Clenbuterol Hydrochloride; Clenbuterol HCl; Spiropent; NAB 365; NAB-365; NAB365; Planipart;
IUPAC/Chemical Name
1-(4-amino-3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(tert-butylamino)ethanol;hydrochloride
InChi Key
OPXKTCUYRHXSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C12H18Cl2N2O.ClH/c1-12(2,3)16-6-10(17)7-4-8(13)11(15)9(14)5-7;/h4-5,10,16-17H,6,15H2,1-3H3;1H
SMILES Code
CC(C)(C)NCC(C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)Cl)N)Cl)O.Cl
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO, DMF, and ethanol
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Certificate of Analysis
View CoA: current batch, Lot#C24M01C02
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
View Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Clenbuterol induces relaxation of equine tracheal muscle strips (EC50 = 2.1 nM). Clenbuterol inhibits infection of MDCK cells by an H1N1 influenza isolate in vitro (EC50 = 9.4 µM).
In vitro activity:
This study demonstrates that clenbuterol acts to induce mild cardiac hypertrophy in cardiac myocytes via paracrine signalling via paracrine signalling involving fibroblast-derived IGF-1. In cardiac myocytes, clenbuterol treatment led to increased cell size, protein accumulation, and myofibrillar organization characteristic of hypertrophic growth. The hypertrophic response was accompanied by elevated expression of hypertrophy-related genes, such as ANP and BNP without inducing markers of pathological hypertrophy. Reference: J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2010 Dec;3(6):688-95. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20577844/
In vivo activity:
This study suggests that clenbuterol's anti-atrophic effect involves TRPC3 upregulation through the PLC-β1/DAG pathway during mechanical unloading, offering a potential target for preventing and treating unloading-induced myocardial atrophy. In a rat heart transplantation model, clenbuterol prevented myocardial atrophy, enhanced cardiac function, and restored expression of TRPC3 and PLC-β1. Reference: Int Heart J. 2023;64(5):901-909. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37778993/
Solvent mg/mL mM comments
Solubility
DMF 25.0 79.71
DMSO 20.0 63.77
Ethanol 12.0 38.26
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 313.65 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Farah BL, Sinha RA, Wu Y, Singh BK, Zhou J, Bay BH, Yen PM. β-Adrenergic agonist and antagonist regulation of autophagy in HepG2 cells, primary mouse hepatocytes, and mouse liver. PLoS One. 2014 Jun 20;9(6):e98155. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098155. PMID: 24950230; PMCID: PMC4064960. 2. Bhavsar PK, Brand NJ, Felkin LE, Luther PK, Cullen ME, Yacoub MH, Barton PJ. Clenbuterol induces cardiac myocyte hypertrophy via paracrine signalling and fibroblast-derived IGF-1. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2010 Dec;3(6):688-95. doi: 10.1007/s12265-010-9199-1. Epub 2010 Jun 25. PMID: 20577844. 3. Hu D, Li H, Yu H, Zhao M, Ye L, Liu B, Ge N, Dong N, Wu L. Clenbuterol Prevents Mechanical Unloading-Induced Myocardial Atrophy via Upregulation of Transient Receptor Potential Channel-3. Int Heart J. 2023;64(5):901-909. doi: 10.1536/ihj.21-129. PMID: 37778993. 4. Patterson JR, Hirst WD, Howe JW, Russell CP, Cole-Strauss A, Kemp CJ, Duffy MF, Lamp J, Umstead A, Kubik M, Stoll AC, Vega IE, Steece-Collier K, Chen Y, Campbell AC, Nezich CL, Glajch KE, Sortwell CE. Beta2-adrenoreceptor agonist clenbuterol produces transient decreases in alpha-synuclein mRNA but no long-term reduction in protein. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2022 May 24;8(1):61. doi: 10.1038/s41531-022-00322-x. PMID: 35610264; PMCID: PMC9130326.
In vitro protocol:
1. Farah BL, Sinha RA, Wu Y, Singh BK, Zhou J, Bay BH, Yen PM. β-Adrenergic agonist and antagonist regulation of autophagy in HepG2 cells, primary mouse hepatocytes, and mouse liver. PLoS One. 2014 Jun 20;9(6):e98155. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098155. PMID: 24950230; PMCID: PMC4064960. 2. Bhavsar PK, Brand NJ, Felkin LE, Luther PK, Cullen ME, Yacoub MH, Barton PJ. Clenbuterol induces cardiac myocyte hypertrophy via paracrine signalling and fibroblast-derived IGF-1. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2010 Dec;3(6):688-95. doi: 10.1007/s12265-010-9199-1. Epub 2010 Jun 25. PMID: 20577844.
In vivo protocol:
1. Hu D, Li H, Yu H, Zhao M, Ye L, Liu B, Ge N, Dong N, Wu L. Clenbuterol Prevents Mechanical Unloading-Induced Myocardial Atrophy via Upregulation of Transient Receptor Potential Channel-3. Int Heart J. 2023;64(5):901-909. doi: 10.1536/ihj.21-129. PMID: 37778993. 2. Patterson JR, Hirst WD, Howe JW, Russell CP, Cole-Strauss A, Kemp CJ, Duffy MF, Lamp J, Umstead A, Kubik M, Stoll AC, Vega IE, Steece-Collier K, Chen Y, Campbell AC, Nezich CL, Glajch KE, Sortwell CE. Beta2-adrenoreceptor agonist clenbuterol produces transient decreases in alpha-synuclein mRNA but no long-term reduction in protein. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2022 May 24;8(1):61. doi: 10.1038/s41531-022-00322-x. PMID: 35610264; PMCID: PMC9130326.
1: Zahn V, Krumbachner G. Clenbuterol - A long term uterine relaxant. J Perinat Med. 2023 Nov 2;9(2):96-100. doi: 10.1515/jpm-1981-090201. PMID: 37909793. 2: Lin YW, Fang CH, Liang YJ, Yang CY, Kuo WT, Lin FH. Controlled release of Clenbuterol from a hydroxyapatite carrier for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomater Res. 2023 Oct 5;27(1):98. doi: 10.1186/s40824-023-00432-4. PMID: 37798744; PMCID: PMC10557233. 3: Hu D, Li H, Yu H, Zhao M, Ye L, Liu B, Ge N, Dong N, Wu L. Clenbuterol Prevents Mechanical Unloading-Induced Myocardial Atrophy via Upregulation of Transient Receptor Potential Channel-3. Int Heart J. 2023;64(5):901-909. doi: 10.1536/ihj.21-129. PMID: 37778993. 4: Gibbs RL, Swanson RM, Beard JK, Hicks ZM, Most MS, Beer HN, Grijalva PC, Clement SM, Marks-Nelson ES, Schmidt TB, Petersen JL, Yates DT. Daily injection of the β2 adrenergic agonist clenbuterol improved poor muscle growth and body composition in lambs following heat stress-induced intrauterine growth restriction. Front Physiol. 2023 Sep 6;14:1252508. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1252508. PMID: 37745251; PMCID: PMC10516562. 5: Saito K, Ito R, Ohsawa Y. Development of a Solid-Phase Dispersive Extraction Method for Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and LC-MS/MS for Analysis of Clenbuterol Residues in Swine Livers and Kidneys. J AOAC Int. 2023 Nov 2;106(6):1701-1705. doi: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad095. PMID: 37603714. 6: Guo Q, Peng Y, Chao K, Qin J, Chen Y, Yin T. A determination method for clenbuterol residue in pork based on optimal particle size gold colloid using SERS. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2023 Dec 5;302:123097. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123097. Epub 2023 Jul 1. PMID: 37418907. 7: Zhang J, Lu J, Zhang Y, Wang Y. A LC-MS/MS method for determination of clenbuterol enantiomers in animal tissues and its application to the enantioselective distribution in Bama mini-pigs. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2023 Jul 15;1226:123790. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123790. Epub 2023 Jun 14. PMID: 37329777. 8: Jigyasa, Kaur Rajput J. Nanosensors: A smart remedy for early detection of clenbuterol contamination in food. Food Chem. 2023 Nov 15;426:136569. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136569. Epub 2023 Jun 7. PMID: 37302312. 9: Li X, Koeberl DD, Lutz MW, Bedlack R. Clenbuterol Treatment Is Safe and Associated With Slowed Disease Progression in a Small Open-Label Trial in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis. 2023 Jun 1;24(4):214-221. doi: 10.1097/CND.0000000000000438. PMID: 37219865. 10: Cai L, Wang H, Cao Y, Hao W, Fang G, Wang S. "Blocking-effect" detection strategy of clenbuterol by molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence sensor based on multiple synergistic excitation of AgNW luminophores signal with highly active BNQDs@AuNFs nanoscale co-reaction accelerator. Biosens Bioelectron. 2023 Aug 15;234:115336. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115336. Epub 2023 Apr 27. PMID: 37126875. 11: Kumari S, Pal B, Sahu SK, Prabhakar PK, Tewari D. Adverse events of clenbuterol among athletes: a systematic review of case reports and case series. Int J Legal Med. 2023 Jul;137(4):1023-1037. doi: 10.1007/s00414-023-02996-1. Epub 2023 Apr 17. PMID: 37062796. 12: Tien VM, Ong VH, Pham TN, Quang Hoa N, Nguyen TL, Thang PD, Khanh Vinh L, Trinh PTN, Thanh DTN, Tung LM, Le AT. A molybdenum disulfide/nickel ferrite- modified voltammetric sensing platform for ultra-sensitive determination of clenbuterol under the presence of an external magnetic field. RSC Adv. 2023 Apr 3;13(16):10577-10591. doi: 10.1039/d3ra01136d. PMID: 37021107; PMCID: PMC10069232. 13: Velasco-Bejarano B, Espinoza-Muñoz IM, Álvarez-Sánchez A, Gómez-Tagle A, Velasco-Carrillo R, Bautista J, Rodríguez L. Quantification and enantiomeric distribution of clenbuterol in several bovine tissues using UHPLC-tandem mass spectrometry: Evaluation of a risk factor associated with meat contamination. Drug Test Anal. 2023 Jun;15(6):646-653. doi: 10.1002/dta.3464. Epub 2023 Mar 14. PMID: 36843387. 14: Li F, Zhou J, Wang M, Zhang L, Yang M, Deng L. Production of a matrix certified reference material for measurement and risk monitoring of clenbuterol in mutton. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2023 Mar;415(8):1487-1496. doi: 10.1007/s00216-023-04543-8. Epub 2023 Feb 3. PMID: 36732370. 15: Xiao S, Sun L, Kang M, Dong Z. A label-free aptasensor for clenbuterol detection based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer between graphene oxide and rhodamine B. RSC Adv. 2022 Nov 15;12(50):32737-32743. doi: 10.1039/d2ra06260g. PMID: 36425698; PMCID: PMC9664316. 16: Guo Q, Peng Y, Zhao X, Chen Y. Rapid Detection of Clenbuterol Residues in Pork Using Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Biosensors (Basel). 2022 Oct 11;12(10):859. doi: 10.3390/bios12100859. PMID: 36290996; PMCID: PMC9599483. 17: Wu T, Li J, Zheng S, Yu Q, Qi K, Shao Y, Wang C, Tu J, Xiao R. Magnetic Nanotag-Based Colorimetric/SERS Dual-Readout Immunochromatography for Ultrasensitive Detection of Clenbuterol Hydrochloride and Ractopamine in Food Samples. Biosensors (Basel). 2022 Sep 1;12(9):709. doi: 10.3390/bios12090709. PMID: 36140094; PMCID: PMC9496078. 18: Rankins EM, Salem K, Manso Filho HC, Malinowski K, McKeever KH. Effect of Clenbuterol on Muscle Activity During Exercise in Standardbred Horses. J Equine Vet Sci. 2022 Nov;118:104126. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104126. Epub 2022 Sep 15. PMID: 36115549. 19: Li Y, Zhang H, Cui Z, Liu S, Xu J, Jia C, Chen Y, Wang L, Sun J, Zhang D, Zhu M, Wang J. Chemical staining enhanced Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for sensitive determination of Clenbuterol in food. Food Chem. 2023 Jan 30;400:134012. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134012. Epub 2022 Aug 27. PMID: 36055143. 20: Wan L, Gao H, Liu X, Gao S, Zhou L, Wang F, Chen M. Electromembrane extraction of clenbuterol from swine urine for monitoring illegal use in livestock. J Sep Sci. 2022 Nov;45(21):3966-3973. doi: 10.1002/jssc.202200469. Epub 2022 Sep 4. PMID: 36040857.