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MedKoo Cat#: 317197 | Name: Apraclonidine HCl
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Apraclonidine HCl, also known as Iopidine HCl, is a sympathomimetic used in glaucoma therapy. It is an α2-adrenergic agonist and a weak alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist. Upon ocular administration, apraclonidine enhances aqueous humor uveoscleral outflow and decreases aqueous production by vasoconstriction.

Chemical Structure

Apraclonidine HCl
Apraclonidine HCl
CAS#73218-79-8 (HCl)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 317197

Name: Apraclonidine HCl

CAS#: 73218-79-8 (HCl)

Chemical Formula: C9H11Cl3N4

Exact Mass: 0.0000

Molecular Weight: 281.57

Elemental Analysis: C, 38.39; H, 3.94; Cl, 37.77; N, 19.90

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
25mg USD 350.00 2 Weeks
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Related CAS #
73218-79-8 (HCl) 66711-21-5 (free base)
Synonym
Iopidine HCl, Iopidine hydrochloride, Apraclonidine HCl, Apraclonidine hydrochloride
IUPAC/Chemical Name
2,6-dichloro-N1-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diamine hydrochloride
InChi Key
OTQYGBJVDRBCHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C9H10Cl2N4.ClH/c10-6-3-5(12)4-7(11)8(6)15-9-13-1-2-14-9;/h3-4H,1-2,12H2,(H2,13,14,15);1H
SMILES Code
ClC1=CC(N)=CC(Cl)=C1NC2=NCCN2.Cl
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>97% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 281.57 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
1: Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; 2006–. Apraclonidine. 2021 Sep 20. PMID: 30000720. 2: Scheinfeld N. The use of apraclonidine eyedrops to treat ptosis after the administration of botulinum toxin to the upper face. Dermatol Online J. 2005 Mar 1;11(1):9. PMID: 15748550. 3: Cambron M, Maertens H, Crevits L. Apraclonidine and my pupil. Clin Auton Res. 2011 Oct;21(5):347-51. doi: 10.1007/s10286-011-0118-6. Epub 2011 Mar 8. PMID: 21384091. 4: Wijemanne S, Vijayakumar D, Jankovic J. Apraclonidine in the treatment of ptosis. J Neurol Sci. 2017 May 15;376:129-132. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.03.025. Epub 2017 Mar 16. PMID: 28431598. 5: Lebas M, Seror J, Debroucker T. Positive apraclonidine test 36 hours after acute onset of horner syndrome in dorsolateral pontomedullary stroke. J Neuroophthalmol. 2010 Mar;30(1):12-7. doi: 10.1097/WNO.0b013e3181b1b41f. PMID: 20182200. 6: Aslanides IM, Tsiklis NS, Pallikaris IG, Jankov MR, Coskunseven E, Ozkilic E. Apraclonidine and LASIK. Ophthalmology. 2005 Dec;112(12):2238; author reply 2244. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.09.021. PMID: 16325717. 7: Stewart WC. Wirkung und Nebenwirkungen von Apraclonidin [Effect and side effects of apraclonidine]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1996 Jul;209(1):A7-13. German. PMID: 8965469. 8: Margolin E, Jeeva-Patel T, Hainc N. Horner's syndrome and apraclonidine eye drops. Pract Neurol. 2020 Aug;20(4):practneurol-2020-002497. doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2020-002497. Epub 2020 Mar 17. PMID: 32184344. 9: Nguyen MTB, Farahvash A, Zhang A, Micieli JA. Apraclonidine for the pharmacologic confirmation of acute Horner syndrome. J Neurol Sci. 2020 Dec 15;419:117190. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117190. Epub 2020 Oct 14. PMID: 33075593. 10: Nestor MS, Han H, Gade A, Fischer D, Saban Y, Polselli R. Botulinum toxin- induced blepharoptosis: Anatomy, etiology, prevention, and therapeutic options. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021 Oct;20(10):3133-3146. doi: 10.1111/jocd.14361. Epub 2021 Aug 11. PMID: 34378298; PMCID: PMC9290925. 11: Bremner F. Apraclonidine Is Better Than Cocaine for Detection of Horner Syndrome. Front Neurol. 2019 Jan 31;10:55. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00055. PMID: 30804875; PMCID: PMC6371044. 12: Robin AL. Questions concerning the role of apraclonidine in the management of glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995 Jun;113(6):712-4. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1995.01100060036026. PMID: 7786208. 13: Lagstein O, Ben-Artzi N, Achiron A, Nemet A, Khreish M, Bartov E, Burgansky- Eliash Z. TOPICAL APRACLONIDINE REDUCES PAIN AFTER INTRAVITREAL INJECTIONS: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Retina. 2017 Aug;37(8):1575-1580. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001397. PMID: 27841849. 14: Osaki TH, Osaki MH. Re: Apraclonidine in the treatment of ptosis. J Neurol Sci. 2017 Dec 15;383:69. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.10.027. Epub 2017 Oct 19. PMID: 29246626. 15: Sarsik SM, El-Amawy HS. Uses of eye drops in dermatology, literature review. J Dermatolog Treat. 2022 Sep;33(6):2758-2770. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2022.2079598. Epub 2022 Jun 2. PMID: 35652324. 16: Vijayakumar D, Wijemanne S, Jankovic J. Treatment of blepharospasm with apraclonidine. J Neurol Sci. 2017 Jan 15;372:57-59. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.11.029. Epub 2016 Nov 15. PMID: 28017248. 17: Sabbagh MA, De Lott LB, Trobe JD. Causes of Horner Syndrome: A Study of 318 Patients. J Neuroophthalmol. 2020 Sep;40(3):362-369. doi: 10.1097/WNO.0000000000000844. PMID: 31609831; PMCID: PMC7148177. 18: Thrane VR, Thrane AS, Bergo C, Halvorsen H, Krohn J. Effect of Apraclonidine and Diclofenac on Early Changes in Intraocular Pressure After Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty. J Glaucoma. 2020 Apr;29(4):280-286. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000001457. PMID: 32053556. 19: Hoyng PF, Rasker MT. Vier nieuwe geneesmiddelen bij glaucoom: apraclonidine, brimonidine, dorzolamide en latanoprost [Four new drugs for glaucoma: apraclonidine, brimonidine, dorzolamide and latanoprost]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1998 Sep 26;142(39):2138-41. Dutch. PMID: 9856229. 20: Bonomi L, Bellucci R, Pagliarusco A, Stefani L. Apraclonidine protection of the blood-aqueous barrier from traumatic break-down. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 1995 Spring;11(1):25-35. doi: 10.1089/jop.1995.11.25. PMID: 8535954.