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MedKoo Cat#: 413966 | Name: Procaine Free Base
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Procaine Free Base is a local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block.

Chemical Structure

Procaine Free Base
CAS#59-46-1 (free base)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 413966

Name: Procaine Free Base

CAS#: 59-46-1 (free base)

Chemical Formula: C13H20N2O2

Exact Mass: 236.1525

Molecular Weight: 236.32

Elemental Analysis: C, 66.07; H, 8.53; N, 11.85; O, 13.54

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
5g USD 225.00 2 Weeks
25g USD 424.00 2 Weeks
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Related CAS #
51-06-9 (free base) 51-05-8 (HCl)
Synonym
Procaine Free Base; HSDB3388; HSDB-3388; HSDB 3388
IUPAC/Chemical Name
Benzoic acid, 4-amino-, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester
InChi Key
MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C13H20N2O2/c1-3-15(4-2)9-10-17-13(16)11-5-7-12(14)8-6-11/h5-8H,3-4,9-10,14H2,1-2H3
SMILES Code
O=C(OCCN(CC)CC)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
To be determined
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
To be determined
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Procaine is a DNA-demethylating agent.
In vitro activity:
Procaine (0.01-100 microM) inhibited the 5-HT3 receptor-mediated inward current in the whole-cell patch clamp recording. Concentration-response curves indicated that procaine appears to produce a competitive inhibition on 5-HT3 receptors with a KD of 1.7 microM. These observations suggest that one of the actions of procaine in nervous system is on 5-HT3 receptors. Reference: Neuropharmacology. 1994 Dec;33(12):1573-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7539114/
In vivo activity:
Using the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, this study has found that procaine is a DNA-demethylating agent that produces a 40% reduction in 5-methylcytosine DNA content as determined by high-performance capillary electrophoresis or total DNA enzyme digestion. Procaine can also demethylate densely hypermethylated CpG islands, such as those located in the promoter region of the RAR beta 2 gene, restoring gene expression of epigenetically silenced genes. Finally, procaine also has growth-inhibitory effects in these cancer cells, causing mitotic arrest. Reference: Cancer Res. 2003 Aug 15;63(16):4984-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12941824/
Solvent mg/mL mM comments
Solubility
DMSO 73.5 311.03
Ethanol 47.0 198.89
Water 1.0 4.23
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 236.32 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Tada M, Imazeki F, Fukai K, Sakamoto A, Arai M, Mikata R, Tokuhisa T, Yokosuka O. Procaine inhibits the proliferation and DNA methylation in human hepatoma cells. Hepatol Int. 2007 Sep;1(3):355-64. doi: 10.1007/s12072-007-9014-5. Epub 2007 Jul 27. PMID: 19669330; PMCID: PMC2716835. 2. Fan P, Weight FF. Procaine impairs the function of 5-HT3 receptor-ion channel complex in rat sensory ganglion neurons. Neuropharmacology. 1994 Dec;33(12):1573-9. doi: 10.1016/0028-3908(94)90132-5. PMID: 7539114. 3. Villar-Garea A, Fraga MF, Espada J, Esteller M. Procaine is a DNA-demethylating agent with growth-inhibitory effects in human cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2003 Aug 15;63(16):4984-9. PMID: 12941824. 4. Adamec RE, Stark-Adamec C. The effects of procaine HCl on population cellular and evoked response activity within the limbic system of the cat. Evidence for differential excitatory action of procaine in a variety of limbic circuits. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1987;11(4):345-64. doi: 10.1016/0278-5846(87)90012-1. PMID: 3423267.
In vitro protocol:
1. Tada M, Imazeki F, Fukai K, Sakamoto A, Arai M, Mikata R, Tokuhisa T, Yokosuka O. Procaine inhibits the proliferation and DNA methylation in human hepatoma cells. Hepatol Int. 2007 Sep;1(3):355-64. doi: 10.1007/s12072-007-9014-5. Epub 2007 Jul 27. PMID: 19669330; PMCID: PMC2716835. 2. Fan P, Weight FF. Procaine impairs the function of 5-HT3 receptor-ion channel complex in rat sensory ganglion neurons. Neuropharmacology. 1994 Dec;33(12):1573-9. doi: 10.1016/0028-3908(94)90132-5. PMID: 7539114.
In vivo protocol:
1. Villar-Garea A, Fraga MF, Espada J, Esteller M. Procaine is a DNA-demethylating agent with growth-inhibitory effects in human cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2003 Aug 15;63(16):4984-9. PMID: 12941824. 2. Adamec RE, Stark-Adamec C. The effects of procaine HCl on population cellular and evoked response activity within the limbic system of the cat. Evidence for differential excitatory action of procaine in a variety of limbic circuits. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1987;11(4):345-64. doi: 10.1016/0278-5846(87)90012-1. PMID: 3423267.
1: NAESS K. Procain [Procaine]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1952 Sep 1;72(17):558-61. Undetermined Language. PMID: 13015533. 2: VALERIO A. Considerações em tôrno da procaäna [Procaine]. Imprensa Medica. 1950 Jul;26(439):60-1. Undetermined Language. PMID: 14778627. 3: SWAIN HH, PFEIFFER CC. Procaine. Mod Hosp. 1950 Nov;75(5):104-10. PMID: 14785601. 4: WRIGHT GV. Intravenous procaine hydrochloride. Anaesthesia. 1950 Oct;5(4):201-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1950.tb12684.x. PMID: 14783278. 5: Chapman CB, Courage P, Nielsen IL, Sitaram BR, Huntington PJ. The role of procaine in adverse reactions to procaine penicillin in horses. Aust Vet J. 1992 Jun;69(6):129-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1992.tb07480.x. Erratum in: Aust Vet J 1992 Aug;69(8):193. PMID: 1530750. 6: FEE SR, CLARK AN. Trial of procaine in the aged. Br Med J. 1961 Dec 23;2(5268):1680-2. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5268.1680. PMID: 13891992; PMCID: PMC1970805. 7: MUCHMORE HG, BENNETT HA, REDMOND RF. Intravenous procaine. J Okla State Med Assoc. 1950 Jan;43(1):19-24. PMID: 15408146. 8: Johnson RW. Chloroprocaine. Anaesthesia. 1979 Oct;34(9):837-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1979.tb08531.x. PMID: 532918. 9: Kurland ML, Hayman M. A procaine derivative for the treatment of depression in an outpatient population. Psychosomatics. 1976;17(2):96-102. doi: 10.1016/S0033-3182(76)71153-8. PMID: 940914. 10: Weckmann G, Haase A, Chenot JF. Lokale allergische Reaktion nach subkutaner Applikation von Procain bei einem Patienten mit Schulterschmerzen – Fallbericht [Local Allergic Reaction to Subcutaneous Treatment with Procaine in a Patient with Shoulder Pain - a Case Study]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2018 Sep;143(18):1327-1329. German. doi: 10.1055/a-0697-6585. Epub 2018 Sep 10. PMID: 30199913.

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