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MedKoo Cat#: 533671 | Name: Dapagliflozin Propanediol Monohydrate
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Dapagliflozin Propanediol Monohydrate is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, preventing glucose reabsorption in the kidney.

Chemical Structure

Dapagliflozin Propanediol Monohydrate
Dapagliflozin Propanediol Monohydrate
CAS#960404-48-2 (propanediol monohydrate)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 533671

Name: Dapagliflozin Propanediol Monohydrate

CAS#: 960404-48-2 (propanediol monohydrate)

Chemical Formula: C24H35ClO9

Exact Mass: 0.0000

Molecular Weight: 502.99

Elemental Analysis: C, 57.31; H, 7.01; Cl, 7.05; O, 28.63

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
100mg USD 250.00 2 Weeks
250mg USD 500.00 2 Weeks
500mg USD 750.00 2 Weeks
1g USD 1,150.00 2 Weeks
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Related CAS #
960404-48-2 (propanediol monohydrate) 461432-26-8 (free base)
Synonym
Dapagliflozin Propanediol Monohydrate
IUPAC/Chemical Name
(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-(4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol compound with (S)-propane-1,2-diol (1:1) hydrate
InChi Key
GOADIQFWSVMMRJ-UPGAGZFNSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C21H25ClO6.C3H8O2.H2O/c1-2-27-15-6-3-12(4-7-15)9-14-10-13(5-8-16(14)22)21-20(26)19(25)18(24)17(11-23)28-21;1-3(5)2-4;/h3-8,10,17-21,23-26H,2,9,11H2,1H3;3-5H,2H2,1H3;1H2/t17-,18-,19+,20-,21+;3-;/m10./s1
SMILES Code
O[C@H]1[C@@H](O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1O)O)CO)C2=CC(CC3=CC=C(C=C3)OCC)=C(C=C2)Cl.C[C@@H](CO)O.O
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>3 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Dapagliflozin ((2S)-1,2-propanediol, hydrate), the S-enantiomer of Dapagliflozin 1,2-propanediol, is a new type of drug used to treat diabetes mellitus (DM) that is a competitive sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor.
In vitro activity:
Here, the study showed that the expression of PGC-1α was suppressed following H/R (hypoxia/reoxygenation) injury whereas treatment of DAPA (Dapagliflozin) maintained the amount of PGC-1α. Moreover, the silence of AMPK abrogated this effect (Fig. 3a, b), suggesting that reservation of PGC-1α expression by DAPA was related to AMPK activation. Downregulation of PGC-1α by I/R injury attenuated by DAPA treatment was confirmed by animal study (Fig. 3c, d). Besides, treatment of DPI to inhibit Nox attenuated the downregulation of PGC-1α under H/R injury (Fig. 3a, b), suggesting oxidative stress participated in the downregulation of PGC1α after H/R injury. Taken together, the downregulation of PGC-1α by H/R or I/R injury could be attenuated via oxidative stress inhibition, and via AMPK activation by DAPA treatment. Reference: Cell Biosci. 2021; 11: 44. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7913252/
In vivo activity:
Mice were treated for 5 weeks with either saline or PDF with or without addition of dapagliflozin (1 mg/kg) via a peritoneal catheter (Figure 2A). A systemic action of dapagliflozin was observed, as reflected by the presence of glucosuria in 24 h urine collections of mice treated with the SGLT2 inhibitor (Figure S1, Supplementary Materials). The study then evaluated the peritoneal transcriptional expression of SGLT2, SGLT1, and several GLUTs known to be expressed in the peritoneum. The study found a strong upregulation of SGLT2 expression in mice receiving high-glucose PDF, whereas SGLT1 expression was unaltered (Figure 2B). Most notably, pharmacological inhibition of SGLT2 with dapagliflozin completely abrogated PD-induced upregulation of SGLT2. Glucose transporters demonstrated differential regulation, with GLUT1 and 3 being upregulated and GLUT4 being downregulated in response to chronic exposure to PDF. This regulation was unaffected by dapagliflozin (Figure 2C). Reference: Biomolecules. 2020 Nov; 10(11): 1573. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7699342/
Solvent mg/mL mM
Solubility
DMSO 100.0 198.82
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 502.99 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Dai C, Walker JT, Shostak A, Bouchi Y, Poffenberger G, Hart NJ, Jacobson DA, Calcutt MW, Bottino R, Greiner DL, Shultz LD, McGuinness OP, Dean ED, Powers AC. Dapagliflozin Does Not Directly Affect Human α or β Cells. Endocrinology. 2020 Aug 1;161(8):bqaa080. doi: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa080. PMID: 32428240; PMCID: PMC7375801. 2. Tsai KL, Hsieh PL, Chou WC, Cheng HC, Huang YT, Chan SH. Dapagliflozin attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation-caused cardiac dysfunction and oxidative damage through modulation of AMPK. Cell Biosci. 2021 Feb 26;11(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s13578-021- 00547-y. PMID: 33637129; PMCID: PMC7913252. 3. Balzer MS, Rong S, Nordlohne J, Zemtsovski JD, Schmidt S, Stapel B, Bartosova M, von Vietinghoff S, Haller H, Schmitt CP, Shushakova N. SGLT2 Inhibition by Intraperitoneal Dapagliflozin Mitigates Peritoneal Fibrosis and Ultrafiltration Failure in a Mouse Model of Chronic Peritoneal Exposure to High-Glucose Dialysate. Biomolecules. 2020 Nov 19;10(11):1573. doi: 10.3390/biom10111573. PMID: 33228017; PMCID: PMC7699342. 4. Nugrahaningrum DA, Marcelina O, Liu C, Wu S, Kasim V. Dapagliflozin Promotes Neovascularization by Improving Paracrine Function of Skeletal Muscle Cells in Diabetic Hindlimb Ischemia Mice Through PHD2/HIF-1α Axis. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Aug 10;11:1104. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01104. PMID: 32848736; PMCID: PMC7424065.
In vitro protocol:
1. Dai C, Walker JT, Shostak A, Bouchi Y, Poffenberger G, Hart NJ, Jacobson DA, Calcutt MW, Bottino R, Greiner DL, Shultz LD, McGuinness OP, Dean ED, Powers AC. Dapagliflozin Does Not Directly Affect Human α or β Cells. Endocrinology. 2020 Aug 1;161(8):bqaa080. doi: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa080. PMID: 32428240; PMCID: PMC7375801. 2. Tsai KL, Hsieh PL, Chou WC, Cheng HC, Huang YT, Chan SH. Dapagliflozin attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation-caused cardiac dysfunction and oxidative damage through modulation of AMPK. Cell Biosci. 2021 Feb 26;11(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s13578-021- 00547-y. PMID: 33637129; PMCID: PMC7913252.
In vivo protocol:
1. Balzer MS, Rong S, Nordlohne J, Zemtsovski JD, Schmidt S, Stapel B, Bartosova M, von Vietinghoff S, Haller H, Schmitt CP, Shushakova N. SGLT2 Inhibition by Intraperitoneal Dapagliflozin Mitigates Peritoneal Fibrosis and Ultrafiltration Failure in a Mouse Model of Chronic Peritoneal Exposure to High-Glucose Dialysate. Biomolecules. 2020 Nov 19;10(11):1573. doi: 10.3390/biom10111573. PMID: 33228017; PMCID: PMC7699342. 2. Nugrahaningrum DA, Marcelina O, Liu C, Wu S, Kasim V. Dapagliflozin Promotes Neovascularization by Improving Paracrine Function of Skeletal Muscle Cells in Diabetic Hindlimb Ischemia Mice Through PHD2/HIF-1α Axis. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Aug 10;11:1104. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01104. PMID: 32848736; PMCID: PMC7424065.
1: Chertow GM, Vart P, Jongs N, Toto RD, Gorriz JL, Hou FF, McMurray JJV, Correa-Rotter R, Rossing P, Sjöström CD, Stefánsson BV, Langkilde AM, Wheeler DC, Heerspink HJL; DAPA-CKD Trial Committees and Investigators. Effects of Dapagliflozin in Stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021 Sep;32(9):2352-2361. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2021020167. Epub 2021 Jul 16. PMID: 34272327; PMCID: PMC8729835. 2: Dhillon S. Dapagliflozin: A Review in Type 2 Diabetes. Drugs. 2019 Jul;79(10):1135-1146. doi: 10.1007/s40265-019-01148-3. Erratum in: Drugs. 2019 Dec;79(18):2013. PMID: 31236801; PMCID: PMC6879440. 3: Arow M, Waldman M, Yadin D, Nudelman V, Shainberg A, Abraham NG, Freimark D, Kornowski R, Aravot D, Hochhauser E, Arad M. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor Dapagliflozin attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020 Jan 10;19(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s12933-019-0980-4. PMID: 31924211; PMCID: PMC6953156. 4: Cunningham JW, Vaduganathan M, Claggett BL, Kulac IJ, Desai AS, Jhund PS, de Boer RA, DeMets D, Hernandez AF, Inzucchi SE, Kosiborod MN, Lam CSP, Martinez F, Shah SJ, McGrath MM, O'Meara E, Wilderäng U, Lindholm D, Petersson M, Langkilde AM, McMurray JJV, Solomon SD. Dapagliflozin in Patients Recently Hospitalized With Heart Failure and Mildly Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022 Oct 4;80(14):1302-1310. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.07.021. Epub 2022 Aug 27. PMID: 36041912. 5: Paik J, Blair HA. Dapagliflozin: A Review in Type 1 Diabetes. Drugs. 2019 Nov;79(17):1877-1884. doi: 10.1007/s40265-019-01213-x. Erratum in: Drugs. 2019 Dec;79(18):2011. PMID: 31664708; PMCID: PMC6881422. 6: Provenzano M, Puchades MJ, Garofalo C, Jongs N, D'Marco L, Andreucci M, De Nicola L, Gorriz JL, Heerspink HJL; ROTATE-3 study group; ROTATE-3 study group members. Albuminuria-Lowering Effect of Dapagliflozin, Eplerenone, and Their Combination in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022 Aug;33(8):1569-1580. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2022020207. Epub 2022 Apr 19. PMID: 35440501; PMCID: PMC9342643. 7: Wheeler DC, Toto RD, Stefánsson BV, Jongs N, Chertow GM, Greene T, Hou FF, McMurray JJV, Pecoits-Filho R, Correa-Rotter R, Rossing P, Sjöström CD, Umanath K, Langkilde AM, Heerspink HJL; DAPA-CKD Trial Committees and Investigators. A pre-specified analysis of the DAPA-CKD trial demonstrates the effects of dapagliflozin on major adverse kidney events in patients with IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int. 2021 Jul;100(1):215-224. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.03.033. Epub 2021 Apr 18. PMID: 33878338. 8: Ghanim H, Abuaysheh S, Hejna J, Green K, Batra M, Makdissi A, Chaudhuri A, Dandona P. Dapagliflozin Suppresses Hepcidin And Increases Erythropoiesis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Apr 1;105(4):dgaa057. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa057. PMID: 32044999. 9: Kurata Y, Nangaku M. Dapagliflozin for the treatment of chronic kidney disease. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Jul;17(4):275-291. doi: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2099373. Epub 2022 Jul 13. PMID: 35822873. 10: Huang X, Guo X, Yan G, Zhang Y, Yao Y, Qiao Y, Wang D, Chen G, Zhang W, Tang C, Cao F. Dapagliflozin Attenuates Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury by Regulating the HIF-1α/HE4/NF-κB Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2022 Jun 1;79(6):904-913. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000001268. PMID: 35383661; PMCID: PMC9162274. 11: Solomon SD, Jhund PS, Claggett BL, Dewan P, Køber L, Kosiborod MN, Martinez FA, Ponikowski P, Sabatine MS, Inzucchi SE, Desai AS, Bengtsson O, Lindholm D, Sjostrand M, Langkilde AM, McMurray JJV. Effect of Dapagliflozin in Patients With HFrEF Treated With Sacubitril/Valsartan: The DAPA-HF Trial. JACC Heart Fail. 2020 Oct;8(10):811-818. doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2020.04.008. Epub 2020 Jul 8. PMID: 32653447. 12: Cherney DZI, Dekkers CCJ, Barbour SJ, Cattran D, Abdul Gafor AH, Greasley PJ, Laverman GD, Lim SK, Di Tanna GL, Reich HN, Vervloet MG, Wong MG, Gansevoort RT, Heerspink HJL; DIAMOND investigators. Effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on proteinuria in non-diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (DIAMOND): a randomised, double-blind, crossover trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020 Jul;8(7):582-593. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30162-5. Erratum in: Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020 Jun 25;: PMID: 32559474. 13: Hussain M, Atif M, Babar M, Akhtar L. Comparison Of Efficacy And Safety Profile Of Empagliflozin Versus Dapagliflozin As Add On Therapy In Type 2 Diabetic Patients. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2021 Oct-Dec;33(4):593-597. PMID: 35124914. 14: Lee SG, Kim D, Lee JJ, Lee HJ, Moon RK, Lee YJ, Lee SJ, Lee OH, Kim C, Oh J, Lee CJ, Lee YH, Park S, Jeon OH, Choi D, Hong GR, Kim JS. Dapagliflozin attenuates diabetes-induced diastolic dysfunction and cardiac fibrosis by regulating SGK1 signaling. BMC Med. 2022 Sep 7;20(1):309. doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02485-z. PMID: 36068525; PMCID: PMC9450279. 15: Blair HA. Dapagliflozin: A Review in Symptomatic Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2021 Nov;21(6):701-710. doi: 10.1007/s40256-021-00503-8. Epub 2021 Oct 15. Erratum in: Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2022 Jan;22(1):109. PMID: 34651263; PMCID: PMC8639555. 16: Kasichayanula S, Liu X, Lacreta F, Griffen SC, Boulton DW. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dapagliflozin, a selective inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2014 Jan;53(1):17-27. doi: 10.1007/s40262-013-0104-3. PMID: 24105299. 17: Butt JH, Docherty KF, Jhund PS, de Boer RA, Böhm M, Desai AS, Howlett JG, Inzucchi SE, Kosiborod MN, Martinez FA, Nicolau JC, Petrie MC, Ponikowski P, Bengtsson O, Langkilde AM, Schou M, Sjöstrand M, Solomon SD, Sabatine MS, McMurray JJV, Køber L. Dapagliflozin and atrial fibrillation in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: insights from DAPA-HF. Eur J Heart Fail. 2022 Mar;24(3):513-525. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.2381. Epub 2021 Nov 24. PMID: 34766424; PMCID: PMC10234442. 18: Cheng L, Fu Q, Zhou L, Fan Y, Liu F, Fan Y, Zhang X, Lin W, Wu X. Dapagliflozin, metformin, monotherapy or both in patients with metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep. 2021 Dec 20;11(1):24263. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-03773-z. PMID: 34930986; PMCID: PMC8688417. 19: Tang Y, Tan S, Li M, Tang Y, Xu X, Zhang Q, Fu Q, Tang M, He J, Zhang Y, Zheng Z, Peng J, Zhu T, Xie W. Dapagliflozin, sildenafil and their combination in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. BMC Pulm Med. 2022 Apr 12;22(1):142. doi: 10.1186/s12890-022-01939-7. PMID: 35413880; PMCID: PMC9006601. 20: Huang B, Wen W, Ye S. Dapagliflozin Ameliorates Renal Tubular Ferroptosis in Diabetes via SLC40A1 Stabilization. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Aug 10;2022:9735555. doi: 10.1155/2022/9735555. PMID: 35993021; PMCID: PMC9385361.