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MedKoo Cat#: 574041 | Name: Senegenin
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Senegenin, also known as tenuigenin, is a triterpenoid sapogenin with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. It inhibits IL-1β and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, decreases NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, and prevents dopaminergic neuronal degeneration. Tenuigenin also reduces increases in lung edema and the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in a mouse model of intranasal S. aureus-induced pneumonia.

Chemical Structure

Senegenin
CAS#2469-34-3

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 574041

Name: Senegenin

CAS#: 2469-34-3

Chemical Formula: C30H45ClO6

Exact Mass: 536.2905

Molecular Weight: 537.13

Elemental Analysis: C, 67.08; H, 8.44; Cl, 6.60; O, 17.87

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
5mg USD 300.00 2 weeks
10mg USD 600.00 2 weeks
25mg USD 950.00 2 weeks
100mg USD 1,600.00 2 weeks
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Related CAS #
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Synonym
Senegenin, Tenuigenin
IUPAC/Chemical Name
(2S,3R,4S,4aR,6aR,8aR,12aS,13S,14aR,14bR)-13-(chloromethyl)-2,3-dihydroxy-4,6a,11,11,14b-pentamethyl-2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,13,14,14a,14b-octadecahydropicene-4,8a(1H)-dicarboxylic acid
InChi Key
CWHJIJJSDGEHNS-MYLFLSLOSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C30H45ClO6/c1-26(2)10-11-30(25(36)37)9-6-17-22(18(30)13-26)16(15-31)12-21-27(17,3)8-7-20-28(21,4)14-19(32)23(33)29(20,5)24(34)35/h16,18-21,23,32-33H,6-15H2,1-5H3,(H,34,35)(H,36,37)/t16-,18+,19+,20-,21+,23+,27+,28+,29+,30-/m1/s1
SMILES Code
CC1(C)CC[C@@](CCC2=C3[C@@H](CCl)C[C@@]4([H])[C@@]2(C)CC[C@]5([H])[C@]4(C)C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@]5(C)C(O)=O)(C(O)=O)[C@@]3([H])C1
Appearance
A crystalline solid
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>3 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Senegenin protects against S.aureus-induced pneumonia by inhibiting NF-κB activation.
In vitro activity:
This study demonstrated that senegenin exhibited strong neuroprotective activity against Aβ25-35 induced oxidative damage and lipid metabolic associated with ferroptosis, which may have potential in Alzheimer's disease treatment. After adding senegenin in PC12 cells, the level of oxidative damage was reduced and mitochondrial depolarization was reversed compared with Aβ25-35 group. Reference: Mol Neurobiol. 2022 Nov;59(11):6983-6992. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36068400/
In vivo activity:
Senegenin played an important role in treatment chronic un-predictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression in mice. Senegenin ameliorated CUMS-induced behavioral abnormalities, such as improving locomotor activity, decreasing immobility time in tail suspension test and forced swimming test, and increasing sucrose intake in sucrose preference test. Senegenin improved protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 expression. Reference: Int Immunopharmacol. 2017 Dec;53:24-32. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29031144/
Solvent mg/mL mM comments
Solubility
DMSO 100.0 186.17
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 537.13 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Zhang H, Zhou W, Li J, Qiu Z, Wang X, Xu H, Wang H, Lu D, Qi R. Senegenin Rescues PC12 Cells with Oxidative Damage Through Inhibition of Ferroptosis. Mol Neurobiol. 2022 Nov;59(11):6983-6992. doi: 10.1007/s12035-022-03014-y. Epub 2022 Sep 7. PMID: 36068400. 2. Tian Y, Qi Y, Cai H, Xu M, Zhang Y. Senegenin alleviates Aβ1-42 induced cell damage through triggering mitophagy. J Ethnopharmacol. 2022 Sep 15;295:115409. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115409. Epub 2022 May 28. PMID: 35640739. 3. Li H, Lin S, Qin T, Li H, Ma Z, Ma S. Senegenin exerts anti-depression effect in mice induced by chronic un-predictable mild stress via inhibition of NF-κB regulating NLRP3 signal pathway. Int Immunopharmacol. 2017 Dec;53:24-32. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.10.001. Epub 2017 Oct 12. PMID: 29031144. 4. Liu CH, Zhang WD, Wang JJ, Feng SD. Senegenin Ameliorate Acute Lung Injury Through Reduction of Oxidative Stress and Inhibition of Inflammation in Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis Rats. Inflammation. 2016 Apr;39(2):900-6. doi: 10.1007/s10753-016-0322-6. PMID: 26945584.
In vitro protocol:
1. Zhang H, Zhou W, Li J, Qiu Z, Wang X, Xu H, Wang H, Lu D, Qi R. Senegenin Rescues PC12 Cells with Oxidative Damage Through Inhibition of Ferroptosis. Mol Neurobiol. 2022 Nov;59(11):6983-6992. doi: 10.1007/s12035-022-03014-y. Epub 2022 Sep 7. PMID: 36068400. 2. Tian Y, Qi Y, Cai H, Xu M, Zhang Y. Senegenin alleviates Aβ1-42 induced cell damage through triggering mitophagy. J Ethnopharmacol. 2022 Sep 15;295:115409. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115409. Epub 2022 May 28. PMID: 35640739.
In vivo protocol:
1. Li H, Lin S, Qin T, Li H, Ma Z, Ma S. Senegenin exerts anti-depression effect in mice induced by chronic un-predictable mild stress via inhibition of NF-κB regulating NLRP3 signal pathway. Int Immunopharmacol. 2017 Dec;53:24-32. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.10.001. Epub 2017 Oct 12. PMID: 29031144. 2. Liu CH, Zhang WD, Wang JJ, Feng SD. Senegenin Ameliorate Acute Lung Injury Through Reduction of Oxidative Stress and Inhibition of Inflammation in Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis Rats. Inflammation. 2016 Apr;39(2):900-6. doi: 10.1007/s10753-016-0322-6. PMID: 26945584.
1: Jia H, Chen X, Liang Z, Liang R, Wu J, Hu Y, Cui W, Zhang X. Senegenin regulates the mechanism of insomnia through the Keap1/Nrf2/PINK1/Parkin pathway mediated by GAD67. J Sleep Res. 2024 Oct 8:e14354. doi: 10.1111/jsr.14354. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39380353. 2: Zhang X, Wang LQ, Liu ZY. Senegenin suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating O-GlcNAcylation. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2024 Sep 15;16(9):3994-4005. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3994. PMID: 39350979; PMCID: PMC11438784. 3: Zeng Q, Luo Y, Sang X, Liao M, Wen B, Hu Z, Sun M, Luo Z, Huang X, Liu W, Tang S. Senegenin Attenuates Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting Oxidative-Stress- Induced Epithelial Cell Senescence through Activation of the Sirt1/Pgc-1α Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 May 31;13(6):675. doi: 10.3390/antiox13060675. PMID: 38929114; PMCID: PMC11200506. 4: Wang M, Feng N, Qin J, Wang S, Chen J, Qian S, Liu Y, Luo F. Abdominal surgery under ketamine anesthesia during second trimester impairs hippocampal learning and memory of offspring by regulating dendrite spine remodeling in rats. Neurotoxicology. 2024 Mar;101:82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.02.003. Epub 2024 Feb 10. PMID: 38346645. 5: Yu L, Sun L, Chen S. [Retracted] Protective effect of senegenin on splenectomy‑induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly rats. Exp Ther Med. 2023 Oct 23;26(6):567. doi: 10.3892/etm.2023.12266. PMID: 37954120; PMCID: PMC10632961. 6: Zhang H, Zhou W, Li J, Qiu Z, Wang X, Xu H, Wang H, Lu D, Qi R. Senegenin Rescues PC12 Cells with Oxidative Damage Through Inhibition of Ferroptosis. Mol Neurobiol. 2022 Nov;59(11):6983-6992. doi: 10.1007/s12035-022-03014-y. Epub 2022 Sep 7. PMID: 36068400. 7: Chen Z, Yang Y, Han Y, Wang X. Neuroprotective Effects and Mechanisms of Senegenin, an Effective Compound Originated From the Roots of Polygala Tenuifolia. Front Pharmacol. 2022 Jul 18;13:937333. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.937333. PMID: 35924058; PMCID: PMC9341472. 8: Tian Y, Qi Y, Cai H, Xu M, Zhang Y. Senegenin alleviates Aβ1-42 induced cell damage through triggering mitophagy. J Ethnopharmacol. 2022 Sep 15;295:115409. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115409. Epub 2022 May 28. PMID: 35640739. 9: Shen X, Dai X, He Y, Wen C, Zhang Q. Determination of Senegenin and Tenuifolin in Mouse Blood by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Their Pharmacokinetics. Int J Anal Chem. 2022 Apr 7;2022:3401355. doi: 10.1155/2022/3401355. PMID: 35432545; PMCID: PMC9010192. 10: Ren X, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Sun L. Senegenin Inhibits Aβ1-42-Induced PC12 Cells Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress via Activation of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2022 Mar 4;18:513-524. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S346238. PMID: 35280979; PMCID: PMC8904946. 11: Deng X, Zhao S, Liu X, Han L, Wang R, Hao H, Jiao Y, Han S, Bai C. Polygala tenuifolia: a source for anti-Alzheimer's disease drugs. Pharm Biol. 2020 Dec;58(1):410-416. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1758732. PMID: 32429787; PMCID: PMC7301717. 12: Wang YS, Shen CY, Jiang JG. Antidepressant active ingredients from herbs and nutraceuticals used in TCM: pharmacological mechanisms and prospects for drug discovery. Pharmacol Res. 2019 Dec;150:104520. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104520. Epub 2019 Nov 6. PMID: 31706012. 13: Lin J, Wang S, Feng Y, Zhao W, Zhao W, Luo F, Feng N. Propofol exposure during early gestation impairs learning and memory in rat offspring by inhibiting the acetylation of histone. J Cell Mol Med. 2018 May;22(5):2600-2611. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.13524. Epub 2018 Feb 20. PMID: 29461008; PMCID: PMC5908131. 14: Li H, Lin S, Qin T, Li H, Ma Z, Ma S. Senegenin exerts anti-depression effect in mice induced by chronic un-predictable mild stress via inhibition of NF-κB regulating NLRP3 signal pathway. Int Immunopharmacol. 2017 Dec;53:24-32. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.10.001. Epub 2017 Oct 12. PMID: 29031144. 15: Zhang SQ, Wu MF, Gu R, Liu JB, Li Y, Zhu QS, Jiang JL. Senegenin inhibits neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord contusion injury. Neural Regen Res. 2016 Apr;11(4):657-63. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.180754. PMID: 27212931; PMCID: PMC4870927. 16: Liu CH, Zhang WD, Wang JJ, Feng SD. Senegenin Ameliorate Acute Lung Injury Through Reduction of Oxidative Stress and Inhibition of Inflammation in Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis Rats. Inflammation. 2016 Apr;39(2):900-6. doi: 10.1007/s10753-016-0322-6. PMID: 26945584. 17: Jesky R, Chen H. The neuritogenic and neuroprotective potential of senegenin against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in PC 12 cells. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Jan 23;16:26. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1006-3. PMID: 26803813; PMCID: PMC4724108. 18: Zhu XQ, Li XM, Zhao YD, Ji XL, Wang YP, Fu YM, Wang HD, Lu DX, Qi RB. Effects of Senegenin against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury in PC12 cells. Chin J Integr Med. 2016 May;22(5):353-61. doi: 10.1007/s11655-015-2091-8. Epub 2016 Jan 12. PMID: 26759162. 19: Pi T, Zhou XW, Cai L, Zhang W, Su CF, Wu WT, Ren XM, Luo HM. PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in the neurotrophic effect of senegenin. Mol Med Rep. 2016 Feb;13(2):1257-62. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4652. Epub 2015 Dec 7. PMID: 26647727. 20: Wen L, Xia N, Tang P, Hong Y, Wang Z, Liu Y, Liu Y, Liu J, Li X. The gastrointestinal irritation of polygala saponins and its potential mechanism in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:918048. doi: 10.1155/2015/918048. Epub 2015 Feb 1. PMID: 25705699; PMCID: PMC4331466.