Zeaxanthin | CAS#144-68-3 | Carotenoid alcohol

MedKoo Cat#: 555463 | Name: Zeaxanthin

Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Zeaxanthin is one of the most common carotenoid alcohols found in nature. It is important in the xanthophyll cycle. Synthesized in plants and some micro-organisms, it is the pigment that gives paprika (made from bell peppers), corn, saffron, wolfberries, and many other plants and microbes their characteristic color. Note: This product has purity > 80%.

Chemical Structure

Zeaxanthin

CAS#144-68-3

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 555463

Name: Zeaxanthin

CAS#: 144-68-3

Chemical Formula: C40H56O2

Exact Mass: 568.4280

Molecular Weight: 568.89

Elemental Analysis: C, 84.45; H, 9.92; O, 5.62

Price and Availability

Size	Price	Availability
1g	USD 90.00	Ready to Ship
2g	USD 150.00	Ready to Ship
10g	USD 550.00	Ready to Ship
20g	USD 950.00	Ready to Ship
50g	USD 2,050.00	Ready to Ship
100g	USD 3,650.00	2 Weeks

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Related CAS #

No Data

Synonym

beta-Carotene-3,3'-diol; Zeaxanthin; Anchovyxanthin; Xanthophyll 3; Zeaxanthol;

IUPAC/Chemical Name

(1R,1'R)-4,4'-((1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaene-1,18-diyl)bis(3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol)

InChi Key

JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N

InChi Code

InChI=1S/C40H56O2/c1-29(17-13-19-31(3)21-23-37-33(5)25-35(41)27-39(37,7)8)15-11-12-16-30(2)18-14-20-32(4)22-24-38-34(6)26-36(42)28-40(38,9)10/h11-24,35-36,41-42H,25-28H2,1-10H3/b12-11+,17-13+,18-14+,23-21+,24-22+,29-15+,30-16+,31-19+,32-20+/t35-,36-/m1/s1

SMILES Code

C(=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C=C(/C=C/C=C(/C=C/C=1C(C)(C)C[C@H](O)CC1C)\C)\C)/C)/C)\C=2C(C)(C)C[C@H](O)CC2C

Appearance

Solid powder

Purity

>80% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition

Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition

Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility

Soluble in DMSO

Shelf Life

>3 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation

This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage

0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code

2934.99.9001

More Info

Several observational studies have provided preliminary evidence for high dietary intake of foods including lutein and zeaxanthin with lower incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), most notably the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS2). Because foods high in one of these carotenoids tend to be high in the other, research does not separate effects of one from the other. Three subsequent meta-analyses of dietary lutein and zeaxanthin concluded that these carotenoids lower the risk of progression from early stage AMD to late stage AMD. A 2017 Cochrane review of 19 studies from several countries concluded that dietary supplements containing zeaxanthin and lutein have little to no influence on the progression of AMD. In general, there remains insufficient evidence to assess the effectiveness of dietary or supplemental zeaxanthin or lutein in treatment or prevention of early AMD.

Certificate of Analysis

View CoA: current batch, Lot#A24T07K16

QC Data

View QC data: current batch, Lot#A24T07K16

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

View Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

Instruction

View handling instruction

Biological target:

Zeaxanthin demonstrates antioxidant effects.

In vitro activity:

E. acoroides samples were collected from Manado City, Indonesia, and subjected to UAE and MAE. The extracts were analyzed using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS to identify carotenoids, including β-carotene, lutein, lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin, and zeaxanthin. In vitro assays evaluated antioxidant activities using DPPH and FRAP assays, antidiabetic properties through α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition, and antiobesity effects via lipase inhibition and MTT assay with 3T3-L1 cells. Reference: Tjandrawinata RR, Nurkolis F. A Comparative Analysis on Impact of Extraction Methods on Carotenoids Composition, Antioxidants, Antidiabetes, and Antiobesity Properties in Seagrass Enhalus acoroides: In Silico and In Vitro Study. Mar Drugs. 2024 Aug 12;22(8):365. doi: 10.3390/md22080365. PMID: 39195481; PMCID: PMC11355445.

In vivo activity:

Rat aortic ring experiments displayed [Zeaxanthin] significantly inhibited angiogenesis during VEGF-induced microvascular germination. In vitro and in vivo vascular experiments verified that Zea inhibited VEGF-induced HUVEC proliferation and capillary-like tube formation. Reference: Lu F, Wu Q, Lei J, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Zhu N, Yu Y, Lin L, Hu M. Zeaxanthin impairs angiogenesis and tumor growth of glioblastoma: An in vitro and in vivo study. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2024 Apr;754:109957. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109957. Epub 2024 Mar 11. PMID: 38467357.

	Solvent	mg/mL	mM
Solubility
	DMSO	10.0	17.58

Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 568.89 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	1.15 mL	5.76 mL	11.51 mL
5 mM	0.23 mL	1.15 mL	2.3 mL
10 mM	0.12 mL	0.58 mL	1.15 mL
50 mM	0.02 mL	0.12 mL	0.23 mL

Formulation protocol:

In vitro protocol:

1: Tjandrawinata RR, Nurkolis F. A Comparative Analysis on Impact of Extraction Methods on Carotenoids Composition, Antioxidants, Antidiabetes, and Antiobesity Properties in Seagrass Enhalus acoroides: In Silico and In Vitro Study. Mar Drugs. 2024 Aug 12;22(8):365. doi: 10.3390/md22080365. PMID: 39195481; PMCID: PMC11355445. 2: Lazzara F, Conti F, Platania CBM, Eandi CM, Drago F, Bucolo C. Effects of Vitamin D3 and Meso-Zeaxanthin on Human Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells in Three Integrated in vitro Paradigms of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Front Pharmacol. 2021 Nov 5;12:778165. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.778165. PMID: 34803719; PMCID: PMC8602342.

In vivo protocol:

1: Lu F, Wu Q, Lei J, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Zhu N, Yu Y, Lin L, Hu M. Zeaxanthin impairs angiogenesis and tumor growth of glioblastoma: An in vitro and in vivo study. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2024 Apr;754:109957. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109957. Epub 2024 Mar 11. PMID: 38467357. 2: Silva Meneguelli T, Duarte Villas Mishima M, Hermsdorff HHM, Martino HSD, Bressan J, Tako E. Effect of carotenoids on gut health and inflammatory status: A systematic review of in vivo animal studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2023 Jul 14:1-16. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2234025. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37450500.

1: Kumar P, Banik SP, Ohia SE, Moriyama H, Chakraborty S, Wang CK, Song YS, Goel A, Bagchi M, Bagchi D. Current Insights on the Photoprotective Mechanism of the Macular Carotenoids, Lutein and Zeaxanthin: Safety, Efficacy and Bio-Delivery. J Am Nutr Assoc. 2024 Feb 23:1-14. doi: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2319090. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38393321. 2: Murphy CH, Duggan E, Davis J, O'Halloran AM, Knight SP, Kenny RA, McCarthy SN, Romero-Ortuno R. Plasma lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations associated with musculoskeletal health and incident frailty in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Exp Gerontol. 2023 Jan;171:112013. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112013. Epub 2022 Nov 3. PMID: 36336250. 3: Li X, Holt RR, Keen CL, Morse LS, Zivkovic AM, Yiu G, Hackman RM. Potential roles of dietary zeaxanthin and lutein in macular health and function. Nutr Rev. 2023 May 10;81(6):670-683. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac076. PMID: 36094616. 4: Wang H, Wang G, Billings R, Li D, Haase SR, Wheeler PF, Vance DE, Li W. Can Diet Supplements of Macular Pigment of Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and Meso-zeaxanthin Affect Cognition? J Alzheimers Dis. 2022;87(3):1079-1087. doi: 10.3233/JAD-215736. PMID: 35431251. 5: Mrowicka M, Mrowicki J, Kucharska E, Majsterek I. Lutein and Zeaxanthin and Their Roles in Age-Related Macular Degeneration-Neurodegenerative Disease. Nutrients. 2022 Feb 16;14(4):827. doi: 10.3390/nu14040827. PMID: 35215476; PMCID: PMC8874683. 6: Zafar J, Aqeel A, Shah FI, Ehsan N, Gohar UF, Moga MA, Festila D, Ciurea C, Irimie M, Chicea R. Biochemical and Immunological implications of Lutein and Zeaxanthin. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Oct 9;22(20):10910. doi: 10.3390/ijms222010910. PMID: 34681572; PMCID: PMC8535525. 7: Fitzpatrick N, Chachay V, Bowtell J, Jackman S, Capra S, Shore A, Briskey D. An appraisal of trials investigating the effects on macular pigment optical density of lutein and zeaxanthin dietary interventions: a narrative review. Nutr Rev. 2022 Feb 10;80(3):513-524. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab038. PMID: 34339515. 8: Demmig-Adams B, Stewart JJ, López-Pozo M, Polutchko SK, Adams WW 3rd. Zeaxanthin, a Molecule for Photoprotection in Many Different Environments. Molecules. 2020 Dec 10;25(24):5825. doi: 10.3390/molecules25245825. PMID: 33321863; PMCID: PMC7764489. 9: Johra FT, Bepari AK, Bristy AT, Reza HM. A Mechanistic Review of β-Carotene, Lutein, and Zeaxanthin in Eye Health and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Oct 26;9(11):1046. doi: 10.3390/antiox9111046. PMID: 33114699; PMCID: PMC7692753. 10: Tudor C, Pintea A. A Brief Overview of Dietary Zeaxanthin Occurrence and Bioaccessibility. Molecules. 2020 Sep 6;25(18):4067. doi: 10.3390/molecules25184067. PMID: 32899907; PMCID: PMC7570536. 11: Demmig-Adams B, López-Pozo M, Stewart JJ, Adams WW 3rd. Zeaxanthin and Lutein: Photoprotectors, Anti-Inflammatories, and Brain Food. Molecules. 2020 Aug 8;25(16):3607. doi: 10.3390/molecules25163607. PMID: 32784397; PMCID: PMC7464891. 12: Keegan G, Pardhan S, Chichger H. Lutein and zeaxanthin attenuates VEGF- induced neovascularisation in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells through a Nox4-dependent pathway. Exp Eye Res. 2020 Aug;197:108104. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108104. Epub 2020 Jun 6. PMID: 32522479. 13: Widomska J, SanGiovanni JP, Subczynski WK. Why is Zeaxanthin the Most Concentrated Xanthophyll in the Central Fovea? Nutrients. 2020 May 7;12(5):1333. doi: 10.3390/nu12051333. PMID: 32392888; PMCID: PMC7284714. 14: Bahaji Azami NL, Sun M. Zeaxanthin Dipalmitate in the Treatment of Liver Disease. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Aug 21;2019:1475163. doi: 10.1155/2019/1475163. PMID: 31531108; PMCID: PMC6721266. 15: Murillo AG, Hu S, Fernandez ML. Zeaxanthin: Metabolism, Properties, and Antioxidant Protection of Eyes, Heart, Liver, and Skin. Antioxidants (Basel). 2019 Sep 11;8(9):390. doi: 10.3390/antiox8090390. PMID: 31514298; PMCID: PMC6770730. 16: Giordano E, Quadro L. Lutein, zeaxanthin and mammalian development: Metabolism, functions and implications for health. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2018 Jun 1;647:33-40. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.04.008. Epub 2018 Apr 11. PMID: 29654731; PMCID: PMC5949277. 17: Jia YP, Sun L, Yu HS, Liang LP, Li W, Ding H, Song XB, Zhang LJ. The Pharmacological Effects of Lutein and Zeaxanthin on Visual Disorders and Cognition Diseases. Molecules. 2017 Apr 20;22(4):610. doi: 10.3390/molecules22040610. PMID: 28425969; PMCID: PMC6154331. 18: Neelam K, Goenadi CJ, Lun K, Yip CC, Au Eong KG. Putative protective role of lutein and zeaxanthin in diabetic retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 2017 May;101(5):551-558. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-309814. Epub 2017 Feb 23. PMID: 28232380. 19: Eisenhauer B, Natoli S, Liew G, Flood VM. Lutein and Zeaxanthin- Food Sources, Bioavailability and Dietary Variety in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Protection. Nutrients. 2017 Feb 9;9(2):120. doi: 10.3390/nu9020120. PMID: 28208784; PMCID: PMC5331551. 20: Mares J. Lutein and Zeaxanthin Isomers in Eye Health and Disease. Annu Rev Nutr. 2016 Jul 17;36:571-602. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-051110. PMID: 27431371; PMCID: PMC5611842.