MedKoo Cat#: 461403 | Name: Romifidine
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Romifidine is a drug that is used in veterinary medicine as a sedative, mainly in large animals such as horses. Romifidine bolus, followed by CRI, provided constant sedation assessed by HHAG.

Chemical Structure

Romifidine
Romifidine
CAS#65896-16-4 (free base)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 461403

Name: Romifidine

CAS#: 65896-16-4 (free base)

Chemical Formula: C9H9BrFN3

Exact Mass: 256.9964

Molecular Weight: 258.09

Elemental Analysis: C, 41.88; H, 3.51; Br, 30.96; F, 7.36; N, 16.28

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
50mg USD 750.00
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Synonym
Romifidine; Romifidinum;
IUPAC/Chemical Name
N-(2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine
InChi Key
KDPNLRQZHDJRFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C9H9BrFN3/c10-6-2-1-3-7(11)8(6)14-9-12-4-5-13-9/h1-3H,4-5H2,(H2,12,13,14)
SMILES Code
FC1=C(C(Br)=CC=C1)NC2=NCCN2
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>3 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.03.00
More Info
Product Data
Biological target:
Romifidine acts as an agonist at the α2 adrenergic receptor subtype.
In vitro activity:
To be determined
In vivo activity:
Romifidine significantly decreased intraocular pressure in clinically normal horses. This study found that romifidine may be used safely for surgery or diagnostic ocular procedures in horses when specific control of intraocular pressure is required. Reference: Vet Ophthalmol. 2014 Jul;17 Suppl 1:149-53. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24836894/
Solvent mg/mL mM
Solubility
DMSO 250.0 968.65
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 258.09 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Marzok MA, El-Khodery SA, Oheida AH. Effect of intravenous administration of romifidine on intraocular pressure in clinically normal horses. Vet Ophthalmol. 2014 Jul;17 Suppl 1:149-53. doi: 10.1111/vop.12181. Epub 2014 May 19. PMID: 24836894. 2. Wojtasiak-Wypart M, Soma LR, Rudy JA, Uboh CE, Boston RC, Driessen B. Pharmacokinetic profile and pharmacodynamic effects of romifidine hydrochloride in the horse. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Oct;35(5):478-88. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01347.x. Epub 2012 Jan 11. PMID: 22233529.
In vitro protocol:
To be determined
In vivo protocol:
1. Marzok MA, El-Khodery SA, Oheida AH. Effect of intravenous administration of romifidine on intraocular pressure in clinically normal horses. Vet Ophthalmol. 2014 Jul;17 Suppl 1:149-53. doi: 10.1111/vop.12181. Epub 2014 May 19. PMID: 24836894. 2. Wojtasiak-Wypart M, Soma LR, Rudy JA, Uboh CE, Boston RC, Driessen B. Pharmacokinetic profile and pharmacodynamic effects of romifidine hydrochloride in the horse. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Oct;35(5):478-88. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01347.x. Epub 2012 Jan 11. PMID: 22233529.
1: Gómez-Villamandos RJ, Martínez C, Navarrete R, Morgaz J, Domínguez JM, López I, Muñoz P, Fernández A, Granados MM. Romifidine and low doses of tiletamine- zolazepam in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2013 Nov;40(6):e40-7. doi: 10.1111/vaa.12054. Epub 2013 Jun 20. PMID: 23782643. 2: Ringer SK, Portier KG, Fourel I, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R. Development of a romifidine constant rate infusion with or without butorphanol for standing sedation of horses. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2012 Jan;39(1):12-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00681.x. PMID: 22151873. 3: Diez Bernal S, Studer N, Thormann W, Spadavecchia C, Levionnois O. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of the antinociceptive effect of a romifidine infusion in standing horses. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2020 Jan;47(1):129-136. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2019.06.010. Epub 2019 Sep 21. PMID: 31810766. 4: Natalini CC, Paes SD, Polydoro ADS. Analgesic and Cardiopulmonary Effects of Epidural Romifidine and Morphine Combination in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci. 2021 Jul;102:103459. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103459. Epub 2021 Apr 5. PMID: 34119202. 5: Alonso B, Carregaro A, Cuypers C, Michielsen A, Gasthuys F, Schauvliege S. Effects of detomidine or romifidine during maintenance and recovery from isoflurane anaesthesia in horses. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2022 Nov;49(6):624-633. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2022.07.004. Epub 2022 Jul 19. PMID: 36175293. 6: Alonso BB, La Rosa L, Carregaro AB, Gasthuys F, Schauvliege S. Recovery Quality After Romifidine Versus Detomidine Infusion During Isoflurane Anesthesia in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci. 2020 Nov;94:103243. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103243. Epub 2020 Sep 3. PMID: 33077077. 7: Marzok M, Almubarak AI, Babiker H, Kandeel M, El-Hawari SF, El-Khodery S. Comparative evaluation of sedative and anti-nociceptive effects of epidural romifidine, romifidine-lidocaine, and lidocaine in donkeys (Equus asinus). Front Vet Sci. 2022 Dec 1;9:966715. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.966715. PMID: 36570502; PMCID: PMC9768802. 8: England GC, Andrews F, Hammond RA. Romifidine as a premedicant to propofol induction and infusion anaesthesia in the dog. J Small Anim Pract. 1996 Feb;37(2):79-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1996.tb01943.x. PMID: 8656597. 9: Studer N, Bernal SD, Thormann W, Levionnois O, Spadavecchia C. Antinociceptive effects of levomethadone in standing horses sedated with romifidine. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2021 May;48(3):451-460. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2020.08.011. Epub 2021 Feb 2. PMID: 33685821. 10: Wojtasiak-Wypart M, Soma LR, Rudy JA, Uboh CE, Boston RC, Driessen B. Pharmacokinetic profile and pharmacodynamic effects of romifidine hydrochloride in the horse. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Oct;35(5):478-88. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01347.x. Epub 2012 Jan 11. PMID: 22233529. 11: Devisscher L, Schauvliege S, Dewulf J, Gasthuys F. Romifidine as a constant rate infusion in isoflurane anaesthetized horses: a clinical study. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2010 Sep;37(5):425-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2010.00556.x. PMID: 20712609. 12: Marly C, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R, Nussbaumer P, Moine S, Ringer SK. Evaluation of a romifidine constant rate infusion protocol with or without butorphanol for dentistry and ophthalmologic procedures in standing horses. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2014 Sep;41(5):491-7. doi: 10.1111/vaa.12174. Epub 2014 May 17. PMID: 24835127. 13: Vullo C, Gugliandolo E, Biondi V, Biffarella M, Catone G, Tambella AM. Comparison of Detomidine or Romifidine in Combination with Morphine for Standing Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Horses. Vet Sci. 2024 Mar 8;11(3):124. doi: 10.3390/vetsci11030124. PMID: 38535858; PMCID: PMC10975525. 14: Selmi AL, Barbudo-Selmi GR, Mendes GM, Figueiredo JP, Lins BT. Sedative, analgesic and cardiorespiratory effects of romifidine in cats. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2004 Jul;31(3):195-206. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2987.2004.00154.x. PMID: 15268691. 15: Redondo JI, Gómez-Villamandos RJ, Santisteban JM, Domínguez JM, Ruiz I, Avila I. Romifidine, medetomidine or xylazine before propofol-halothane-N2O anesthesia in dogs. Can J Vet Res. 1999 Jan;63(1):31-6. PMID: 9918331; PMCID: PMC1189512. 16: Spadavecchia C, Arendt-Nielsen L, Andersen OK, Spadavecchia L, Schatzmann U. Effect of romifidine on the nociceptive withdrawal reflex and temporal summation in conscious horses. Am J Vet Res. 2005 Nov;66(11):1992-8. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.1992. PMID: 16334961. 17: Knych HK, Stanley SD, McKemie DS, Steinmetz SJ. Pharmacokinetics and selected pharmacodynamics of romifidine following low-dose intravenous administration in combination with exercise to quarter horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Oct;40(5):569-574. doi: 10.1111/jvp.12395. Epub 2017 Jan 17. PMID: 28097665. 18: Pypendop BH, Verstegen JP. Cardiovascular effects of romifidine in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2001 Apr;62(4):490-5. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.490. PMID: 11327453. 19: Gasthuys F, Parmentier D, Goossens L, De Moor A. A preliminary study on the effects of atropine sulphate on bradycardia and heart blocks during romifidine sedation in the horse. Vet Res Commun. 1990;14(6):489-502. doi: 10.1007/BF00367061. PMID: 1980962. 20: Selmi AL, Barbudo-Selmi GR, Moreira CF, Martins CS, Lins BT, Mendes GM, McManus C. Evaluation of sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of romifidine and romifidine-butorphanol in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002 Aug 15;221(4):506-10. doi: 10.2460/javma.2002.221.506. PMID: 12184699.