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MedKoo Cat#: 597497 | Name: Pralmorelin (free base)

Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Pralmorelin (free base) stimulates growth hormone secretion.

Chemical Structure

Pralmorelin (free base)
Pralmorelin (free base)
CAS#158861-67-7 (free base)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 597497

Name: Pralmorelin (free base)

CAS#: 158861-67-7 (free base)

Chemical Formula: C45H55N9O6

Exact Mass: 817.4275

Molecular Weight: 817.99

Elemental Analysis: C, 66.08; H, 6.78; N, 15.41; O, 11.74

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Related CAS #
158861-67-7 (free base) Pralmorelin TFA 158827-34-0 (HCl)
Synonym
Pralmorelin; pralmorelina; pralmoreline; KP-102; KP 102; KP102; GHRP 2; GHRP2; GHRP-2; Growth hormone-releasing peptide 2;
IUPAC/Chemical Name
(S)-2-((2R,5S,8S,11R,14R)-5-((1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-14-amino-2-benzyl-8-methyl-11-(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-4,7,10,13-tetraoxo-3,6,9,12-tetraazapentadecanamido)-6-aminohexanamide
InChi Key
HRNLPPBUBKMZMT-RDRUQFPZSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C45H55N9O6/c1-27(47)41(56)52-38(24-30-19-20-31-14-6-7-15-32(31)22-30)43(58)50-28(2)42(57)53-39(25-33-26-49-35-17-9-8-16-34(33)35)45(60)54-37(23-29-12-4-3-5-13-29)44(59)51-36(40(48)55)18-10-11-21-46/h3-9,12-17,19-20,22,26-28,36-39,49H,10-11,18,21,23-25,46-47H2,1-2H3,(H2,48,55)(H,50,58)(H,51,59)(H,52,56)(H,53,57)(H,54,60)/t27-,28+,36+,37-,38-,39+/m1/s1
SMILES Code
NCCCC[C@@H](C(N)=O)NC([C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC([C@H](CC2=CNC3=C2C=CC=C3)NC([C@H](C)NC([C@@H](CC4=CC=C5C=CC=CC5=C4)NC([C@@H](C)N)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>3 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.03.00
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Pralmorelin (free base) stimulates growth hormone secretion.
In vitro activity:
GHRP-2 (pralmorelin) attenuated PDD-induced expression of protein and mRNA, the promoter activity of COX-2 and IL-8 genes, and the secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂) and IL-8. GHRP-2 promoted the degradation of PDD-induced COX-2 and IL-8 proteins with the involvement of proteasomal and lysosomal pathways. GHRP-2 reduced the PDD-induced phosphorylation of p38 and JNK and activator protein 1 (AP-1) reporter activation and PDD-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation and reporter activation. The inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) and protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) reduced the inhibitory effect of GHRP-2 on PDD-induced COX-2 and IL-8 expression. Reference: Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Aug 19;17(8):1359. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27548147/
In vivo activity:
Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GHRP-2 on pain modulation at supraspinal level in mice using the tail immersion test. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of GHRP-2 (0.1, 0.3, 1, 3 and 10 nmol/L) produced a concentration- and time-related antinociceptive effect. This effect could be fully antagonized by GHS-R1α antagonist [d-Lys(3)]-GHRP-6, indicating that the analgesic effect induced by GHRP-2 is mediated through the activation of GHS-R1α. Interestingly, naloxone, naltrindole and nor-binaltorphimine, but not β-funaltrexamine, could also block the analgesic effect markedly, suggesting that δ- and κ-opioid receptor is involved in the analgesic response evoked by GHRP-2. Moreover, i.c.v. administration of GHRP-2 potentiated the analgesic effect induced by morphine (i.c.v., 1 nmol/L) and this potentiated effect could not be reversed by [d-Lys(3)]-GHRP-6. Reference: Peptides. 2014 May;55:103-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24607724/

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 817.99 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Chao YN, Sun D, Peng YC, Wu YL. Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-2 Attenuation of Protein Kinase C-Induced Inflammation in Human Ovarian Granulosa Cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Aug 19;17(8):1359. doi: 10.3390/ijms17081359. PMID: 27548147; PMCID: PMC5000754. 2. Tsukamoto N, Otsuka F, Miyoshi T, Inagaki K, Nakamura E, Terasaka T, Takeda M, Ogura T, Iwasaki Y, Makino H. Functional interaction of bone morphogenetic protein and growth hormone releasing peptide in adrenocorticotropin regulation by corticotrope cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2011 Sep 15;344(1-2):41-50. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.06.016. Epub 2011 Jul 1. PMID: 21742013. 3. Zeng P, Li S, Zheng YH, Liu FY, Wang JL, Zhang DL, Wei J. Ghrelin receptor agonist, GHRP-2, produces antinociceptive effects at the supraspinal level via the opioid receptor in mice. Peptides. 2014 May;55:103-9. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.02.013. Epub 2014 Mar 4. PMID: 24607724. 4. Peroni CN, Hayashida CY, Nascimento N, Longuini VC, Toledo RA, Bartolini P, Bowers CY, Toledo SP. Growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 in growth hormone-deficient little mice. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2012;67(3):265-72. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2012(03)11. PMID: 22473409; PMCID: PMC3297037.
In vitro protocol:
1. Chao YN, Sun D, Peng YC, Wu YL. Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-2 Attenuation of Protein Kinase C-Induced Inflammation in Human Ovarian Granulosa Cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Aug 19;17(8):1359. doi: 10.3390/ijms17081359. PMID: 27548147; PMCID: PMC5000754. 2. Tsukamoto N, Otsuka F, Miyoshi T, Inagaki K, Nakamura E, Terasaka T, Takeda M, Ogura T, Iwasaki Y, Makino H. Functional interaction of bone morphogenetic protein and growth hormone releasing peptide in adrenocorticotropin regulation by corticotrope cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2011 Sep 15;344(1-2):41-50. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.06.016. Epub 2011 Jul 1. PMID: 21742013.
In vivo protocol:
1. Zeng P, Li S, Zheng YH, Liu FY, Wang JL, Zhang DL, Wei J. Ghrelin receptor agonist, GHRP-2, produces antinociceptive effects at the supraspinal level via the opioid receptor in mice. Peptides. 2014 May;55:103-9. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.02.013. Epub 2014 Mar 4. PMID: 24607724. 2. Peroni CN, Hayashida CY, Nascimento N, Longuini VC, Toledo RA, Bartolini P, Bowers CY, Toledo SP. Growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 in growth hormone-deficient little mice. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2012;67(3):265-72. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2012(03)11. PMID: 22473409; PMCID: PMC3297037.
1: Onuki T, Hiroaki T, Sawano K, Shibata N, Nyuzuki H, Ogawa Y, Okada M, Sone H, Nagasaki K. Robust growth hormone responses to GH-releasing peptide 2 in adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2024 Jul 4;37(8):730-733. doi: 10.1515/jpem-2024-0115. PMID: 38958228. 2: Kartchner D, McCoy K, Dubey J, Zhang D, Zheng K, Umrani R, Kim JJ, Mitchell CS. Literature-Based Discovery to Elucidate the Biological Links between Resistant Hypertension and COVID-19. Biology (Basel). 2023 Sep 21;12(9):1269. doi: 10.3390/biology12091269. PMID: 37759668; PMCID: PMC10526006. 3: Teramoto S, Tahara S, Hattori Y, Kondo A, Morita A. Assessment of anterior pituitary reserve capacity based on growth hormone response to growth hormone- releasing peptide-2 test in the elderly. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2023 Aug;71:101545. doi: 10.1016/j.ghir.2023.101545. Epub 2023 Jun 2. PMID: 37295337. 4: Suzuki S, Ruike Y, Ishiwata K, Naito K, Igarashi K, Ishida A, Fujimoto M, Koide H, Horiguchi K, Tatsuno I, Yokote K. Clinical Usefulness of the Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide-2 Test for Hypothalamic-Pituitary Disorder. J Endocr Soc. 2022 Jun 6;6(8):bvac088. doi: 10.1210/jendso/bvac088. PMID: 35795807; PMCID: PMC9249372. 5: Celichowska M, Miedziaszczyk M, Lacka K. Pharmacotherapy in Cachexia: A Review of Endocrine Abnormalities and Steroid Pharmacotherapy. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2022 Jun;36(2):117-131. doi: 10.1080/15360288.2022.2063469. PMID: 35758863. 6: Tokumasu K, Ochi K, Otsuka F. Idiopathic combined adrenocorticotropin and growth hormone deficiency mimicking chronic fatigue syndrome. BMJ Case Rep. 2021 Oct 22;14(10):e244861. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2021-244861. PMID: 34686480; PMCID: PMC8543625. 7: Naito K, Suzuki S, Ohwada C, Ishiwata K, Ruike Y, Ishida A, Deguchi-Horiuchi H, Fujimoto M, Koide H, Sakaida E, Horiguchi K, Iwadate Y, Tatsuno I, Inoshita N, Ikeda JI, Tanaka T, Yokote K. ICAM1-Negative Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Pituitary Gland: A Case Report and Literature Review. AACE Clin Case Rep. 2021 Feb 9;7(4):249-255. doi: 10.1016/j.aace.2021.01.011. PMID: 34307847; PMCID: PMC8282537. 8: Dhali A, Ray S, Dhali GK, Ghosh R, Sarkar A. Refractory hypoglycaemia in a localised gastrointestinal stromal tumour: Case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2021 Jun;83:106023. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.106023. Epub 2021 May 26. PMID: 34090190; PMCID: PMC8188391. 9: Reverter-Branchat G, Segura J, Pozo OJ. On the road of dried blood spot sampling for antidoping tests: Detection of GHRP-2 abuse. Drug Test Anal. 2021 Mar;13(3):510-522. doi: 10.1002/dta.2975. Epub 2020 Nov 25. PMID: 33197153. 10: Kanhed AM, Patel DV, Teli DM, Patel NR, Chhabria MT, Yadav MR. Identification of potential Mpro inhibitors for the treatment of COVID-19 by using systematic virtual screening approach. Mol Divers. 2021 Feb;25(1):383-401. doi: 10.1007/s11030-020-10130-1. Epub 2020 Jul 31. PMID: 32737681; PMCID: PMC7393348. 11: Moskaleva NE, Markin PA, Kuznetsov RM, Andronova TM, Appolonova SA. Determination of the immunostimulatory drug-glucosoaminyl-muramyl-dipeptide-in human plasma using HPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr. 2020 Dec;34(12):e4948. doi: 10.1002/bmc.4948. Epub 2020 Jul 29. PMID: 32652605. 12: Lange T, Thomas A, Walpurgis K, Thevis M. Fully automated dried blood spot sample preparation enables the detection of lower molecular mass peptide and non-peptide doping agents by means of LC-HRMS. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2020 Jun;412(15):3765-3777. doi: 10.1007/s00216-020-02634-4. Epub 2020 Apr 16. PMID: 32300840; PMCID: PMC7220872. 13: Ogawa S, Matsuzaki T, Noda M. Abundant expression of the membrane-anchored protease-regulator RECK in the anterior pituitary gland and its implication in the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 axis in mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2020 May 15;508:110790. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110790. Epub 2020 Mar 9. PMID: 32165171. 14: Soga A, Fukuda I, Kobayashi S, Tahara S, Morita A, Sugihara H. Preoperative growth hormone (GH) peak values during a GH releasing peptide-2 test reflect the severity of hypopituitarism and the postoperative recovery of GH secretion in patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas. Endocr J. 2020 Feb 28;67(2):167-175. doi: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ19-0288. Epub 2019 Nov 26. PMID: 31776295. 15: Okauchi S, Tatsumi F, Kan Y, Horiya M, Mizoguchi A, Fushimi Y, Sanada J, Nishioka M, Shimoda M, Kohara K, Nakanishi S, Kaku K, Mune T, Kaneto H. Idiopathic and isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency presenting as continuous epigastric discomfort without symptoms of hypoglycemia: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2019 Apr 30;13(1):113. doi: 10.1186/s13256-019-2050-7. PMID: 31036085; PMCID: PMC6489309. 16: Gupta D, Chuang JC, Mani BK, Shankar K, Rodriguez JA, Osborne-Lawrence S, Metzger NP, Zigman JM. β1-adrenergic receptors mediate plasma acyl-ghrelin elevation and depressive-like behavior induced by chronic psychosocial stress. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2019 Jun;44(7):1319-1327. doi: 10.1038/s41386-019-0334-7. Epub 2019 Feb 8. PMID: 30758330; PMCID: PMC6785135. 17: Hayakawa T, Kitamura T, Tamada D, Mukai K, Hayashi R, Takahara M, Otsuki M, Shimomura I. Evaluation of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis by the GHRP2 Test: Comparison With the Insulin Tolerance Test. J Endocr Soc. 2018 Jun 26;2(8):860-869. doi: 10.1210/js.2018-00102. PMID: 30324179; PMCID: PMC6055535. 18: Gajda PM, Holm NB, Hoej LJ, Rasmussen BS, Dalsgaard PW, Reitzel LA, Linnet K. Glycine-modified growth hormone secretagogues identified in seized doping material. Drug Test Anal. 2019 Feb;11(2):350-354. doi: 10.1002/dta.2489. Epub 2018 Sep 11. PMID: 30136411. 19: Popławska M, Błażewicz A. Identification of a novel growth hormone releasing peptide (a glycine analogue of GHRP-2) in a seized injection vial. Drug Test Anal. 2019 Jan;11(1):162-167. doi: 10.1002/dta.2467. Epub 2018 Aug 14. PMID: 30051972. 20: Kageyama K, Sakihara S, Kameda W, Sugiyama A, Takayasu S, Terui K, Daimon M. Evaluation of growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 for diagnosis of thyrotropin- producing pituitary adenomas. Endocr J. 2018 Oct 29;65(10):1049-1054. doi: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ17-0527. Epub 2018 Jul 5. PMID: 29973439.