Synonym
                                        Cysteinylcysteine; Cys-cys; 
                                     
                                    
                                        IUPAC/Chemical Name
                                        L-cysteinyl-L-cysteine
                                     
                                    
                                        InChi Key
                                        OABOXRPGTFRBFZ-IMJSIDKUSA-N
                                     
                                    
                                        InChi Code
                                        InChI=1S/C6H12N2O3S2/c7-3(1-12)5(9)8-4(2-13)6(10)11/h3-4,12-13H,1-2,7H2,(H,8,9)(H,10,11)/t3-,4-/m0/s1
                                     
                                    
                                        SMILES Code
                                        SC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC([C@H](CS)N)=O
                                     
                                    
                                    
                                        Purity
                                        >98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
                                     
                                    
                                        Shipping Condition
                                        Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical.  This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
                                     
                                    
                                        Storage Condition
                                        Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
                                     
                                    
                                        Solubility
                                        Soluble in DMSO
                                     
                                    
                                        Shelf Life
                                        >2 years if stored properly
                                     
                                    
                                        Drug Formulation
                                        This drug may be formulated in DMSO
                                     
                                    
                                        Stock Solution Storage
                                        0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
                                     
                                    
                                        HS Tariff Code
                                        2934.99.9001
                                     
                                    
                                 
                             
                            
                                                        
                                                                
                                    Preparing Stock Solutions
                                    
                                        The following data is based on the
                                        product
                                        molecular weight
                                        224.29
                                        Batch specific molecular weights may vary
                                        from batch to batch
                                        due to the degree of hydration, which will
                                        affect the solvent
                                        volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                        
                                            
                                            
                                                | Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass | 
                                                1 mg | 
                                                5 mg | 
                                                10 mg | 
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                                | 1 mM | 
                                                1.15 mL | 
                                                5.76 mL | 
                                                11.51 mL | 
                                            
                                            
                                                | 5 mM | 
                                                0.23 mL | 
                                                1.15 mL | 
                                                2.3 mL | 
                                            
                                            
                                                | 10 mM | 
                                                0.12 mL | 
                                                0.58 mL | 
                                                1.15 mL | 
                                            
                                            
                                                | 50 mM | 
                                                0.02 mL | 
                                                0.12 mL | 
                                                0.23 mL | 
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                     
                                 
                                                             
                            
                            
                                
                                    1: Butler M, Michael Siu KW, Hopkinson AC. Transnitrosylation products of the dipeptide cysteinyl-cysteine: an examination by tandem mass spectrometry and density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2016 Feb 17;18(8):6047-52. doi: 10.1039/c5cp08014b. PubMed PMID: 26841083.
2: Nartey W, Basak S, Kamariah N, Manimekalai MS, Robson S, Wagner G, Eisenhaber  B, Eisenhaber F, Grüber G. NMR studies reveal a novel grab and release mechanism  for efficient catalysis of the bacterial 2-Cys peroxiredoxin machinery. FEBS J. 2015 Dec;282(23):4620-38. doi: 10.1111/febs.13522. Epub 2015 Oct 16. PubMed PMID: 26402142.
3: Yasuda D, Imura Y, Ishii S, Shimizu T, Nakamura M. The atypical N-glycosylation motif, Asn-Cys-Cys, in human GPR109A is required for normal cell  surface expression and intracellular signaling. FASEB J. 2015 Jun;29(6):2412-22.  doi: 10.1096/fj.14-267096. Epub 2015 Feb 17. PubMed PMID: 25690651; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4447229.
4: Alexander SC, Schepartz A. Interactions of AsCy3 with cysteine-rich peptides.  Org Lett. 2014 Jul 18;16(14):3824-7. doi: 10.1021/ol501721j. Epub 2014 Jul 7. PubMed PMID: 24999741; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4334252.
5: Paul-Pont I, Gonzalez P, Montero N, de Montaudouin X, Baudrimont M. Cloning, characterization and gene expression of a metallothionein isoform in the edible cockle Cerastoderma edule after cadmium or mercury exposure. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2012 Jan;75(1):119-26. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.08.025. Epub 2011 Sep 29.  PubMed PMID: 21963253.
6: Lee J, Culyba EK, Powers ET, Kelly JW. Amyloid-β forms fibrils by nucleated conformational conversion of oligomers. Nat Chem Biol. 2011 Jul 31;7(9):602-9. doi: 10.1038/nchembio.624. PubMed PMID: 21804535; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3158298.
7: Roth AF, Papanayotou I, Davis NG. The yeast kinase Yck2 has a tripartite palmitoylation signal. Mol Biol Cell. 2011 Aug 1;22(15):2702-15. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E11-02-0115. Epub 2011 Jun 8. PubMed PMID: 21653825; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3145546.
8: Rowinska-Zyrek M, Witkowska D, Bielinska S, Kamysz W, Kozlowski H. The -Cys-Cys- motif in Helicobacter pylori's Hpn and HspA proteins is an essential anchoring site for metal ions. Dalton Trans. 2011 May 28;40(20):5604-10. doi: 10.1039/c1dt10187k. Epub 2011 Apr 18. PubMed PMID: 21503353.
9: Khakshoor O, Nowick JS. Use of disulfide "staples" to stabilize beta-sheet quaternary structure. Org Lett. 2009 Jul 16;11(14):3000-3. doi: 10.1021/ol901015a. PubMed PMID: 19534505; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2726807.
10: Zimmermann J, Kühne R, Sylvester M, Freund C. Redox-regulated conformational  changes in an SH3 domain. Biochemistry. 2007 Jun 12;46(23):6971-7. Epub 2007 May  19. PubMed PMID: 17511475.
11: Chauhan U, Assad R, Peterkofsky B. Cysteinyl-cysteine and the microsomal protein from which it is derived act as reducing cofactor for prolyl hydroxylase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1985 Aug 30;131(1):277-83. PubMed PMID: 2994651.