Agmatine Sulfate | CAS#2482-00-0 | NDMA inhibitor

MedKoo Cat#: 525351 | Name: Agmatine Sulfate

Featured

Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Agmatine Sulfate is a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator, inhibiting N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), nicotinic acetylcholine receptors nitric oxide synthase, calcium channels and certain serotonin receptors, activating imidazoline receptors.

Chemical Structure

Agmatine Sulfate

CAS#2482-00-0 (sulfate)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 525351

Name: Agmatine Sulfate

CAS#: 2482-00-0 (sulfate)

Chemical Formula: C5H16N4O4S

Exact Mass: 228.0892

Molecular Weight: 228.27

Elemental Analysis: C, 26.31; H, 7.07; N, 24.54; O, 28.04; S, 14.04

Price and Availability

Size	Price	Availability
1g	USD 350.00	2 Weeks
2g	USD 450.00	2 Weeks
5g	USD 750.00	2 Weeks

Bulk Inquiry

Buy Now

Add to Cart

Related CAS #

306-60-5 ( free base) 2482-00-0 (sulfate)

Synonym

Agmatine Sulfate

IUPAC/Chemical Name

2-(4-Aminobutyl)guanidine sulfate

InChi Key

PTAYFGHRDOMJGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChi Code

InChI=1S/C5H14N4.H2O4S/c6-3-1-2-4-9-5(7)8;1-5(2,3)4/h1-4,6H2,(H4,7,8,9);(H2,1,2,3,4)

SMILES Code

N/C(N)=N\CCCCN.O=S(O)(O)=O

Appearance

Solid powder

Purity

>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition

Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition

Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility

Soluble in DMSO

Shelf Life

>2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation

This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage

0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code

2934.99.9001

More Info

Product Data

Product Data

Instruction

View handling instruction

Biological target:

Agmatine sulfate exerts modulatory action at multiple molecular targets, such as neurotransmitter systems, ion channels and nitric oxide synthesis. It is an endogenous agonist at imidazoline receptor and a NO synthase inhibitor.

In vitro activity:

Based on these results, Aβ was decided to be used at the dose of 10 µM (P < 0.001 according to Tukey post hoc test) for the rest of experiments. Subsequently, it was assessed whether agmatine prevents the effect of Aβ on cell viability. It was observed that agmatine protects against Aβ when administered at 150 and 250 µM (F (5, 37) = 16.11, P < 0.0001). As depicted in Fig. 1b, post hoc analysis by Tukey’s test revealed that both doses of agmatine significantly increased cell viability. As displayed in Fig. 1c, the morphological evaluation of hippocampal cells support the MTT assay data. Following Aβ exposure, the cell bodies shrank and cell debris increased. Agmatine treatment in both doses prevented these morphological changes. Reference: Mol Biol Rep. 2019 Feb;46(1):489-496. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30474774/

In vivo activity:

Agmatine pretreatment significantly reduced the harmaline-induced tremor duration, as compared to saline pretreated rats (Group effect: F = 8.494, DFn = 1, DFd = 12, P = 0.013). A significant tremor duration difference was also found among the different recording periods (F = 18.06 DFn = 4, DFd = 48, P < 0.0001). More importantly, the interaction effect (group X time) was significant (F = 3.198; DFn = 4, DFd = 48, P = 0.021), which suggests that the effects of agmatine on harmaline-induced tremor occurred at specific time windows. The post-hoc Bonferroni tests showed that this difference was due to the decrease of the percent tremor duration in the agmatine group during the second and third 10 min recording periods (P = 0.003, P = 0.009, respectively). Reference: Neurosci Lett. 2021 May 14;753:135881. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33838255/

	Solvent	mg/mL	mM
Solubility
	DMSO	1.0	4.38
	PBS (pH 7.2)	10.0	43.81
	Water	72.5	317.61

Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 228.27 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	1.15 mL	5.76 mL	11.51 mL
5 mM	0.23 mL	1.15 mL	2.3 mL
10 mM	0.12 mL	0.58 mL	1.15 mL
50 mM	0.02 mL	0.12 mL	0.23 mL

Formulation protocol:

1. Hooshmandi E, Ghasemi R, Iloun P, Moosavi M. The neuroprotective effect of agmatine against amyloid β-induced apoptosis in primary cultured hippocampal cells involving ERK, Akt/GSK-3β, and TNF-α. Mol Biol Rep. 2019 Feb;46(1):489-496. doi: 10.1007/s11033-018-4501-4. Epub 2018 Nov 24. PMID: 30474774. 2. Tavares MK, Dos Reis S, Platt N, Heinrich IA, Wolin IAV, Leal RB, Kaster MP, Rodrigues ALS, Freitas AE. Agmatine potentiates neuroprotective effects of subthreshold concentrations of ketamine via mTOR/S6 kinase signaling pathway. Neurochem Int. 2018 Sep;118:275-285. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.05.006. Epub 2018 May 12. PMID: 29763645. 3. Akman Ö, Utkan T, Arıcıoğlu F, Güllü K, Ateş N, Karson A. Agmatine has beneficial effect on harmaline-induced essential tremor in rat. Neurosci Lett. 2021 May 14;753:135881. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135881. Epub 2021 Apr 7. PMID: 33838255. 4. Aglawe MM, Kale MB, Rahangdale SR, Kotagale NR, Umekar MJ, Taksande BG. Agmatine improves the behavioral and cognitive impairments associated with chronic gestational ethanol exposure in rats. Brain Res Bull. 2021 Feb;167:37-47. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.11.015. Epub 2020 Nov 23. PMID: 33242522.

In vitro protocol:

In vivo protocol:

1. Akman Ö, Utkan T, Arıcıoğlu F, Güllü K, Ateş N, Karson A. Agmatine has beneficial effect on harmaline-induced essential tremor in rat. Neurosci Lett. 2021 May 14;753:135881. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135881. Epub 2021 Apr 7. PMID: 33838255. 2. Aglawe MM, Kale MB, Rahangdale SR, Kotagale NR, Umekar MJ, Taksande BG. Agmatine improves the behavioral and cognitive impairments associated with chronic gestational ethanol exposure in rats. Brain Res Bull. 2021 Feb;167:37-47. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.11.015. Epub 2020 Nov 23. PMID: 33242522.

1: Costa VV, Del Sarto JL, Rocha RF, Silva FR, Doria JG, Olmo IG, Marques RE, Queiroz-Junior CM, Foureaux G, Araújo JMS, Cramer A, Real ALCV, Ribeiro LS, Sardi SI, Ferreira AJ, Machado FS, de Oliveira AC, Teixeira AL, Nakaya HI, Souza DG, Ribeiro FM, Teixeira MM. N-Methyl-d-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Blockade Prevents Neuronal Death Induced by Zika Virus Infection. MBio. 2017 Apr 25;8(2). pii: e00350-17. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00350-17. PubMed PMID: 28442607; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5405231. 2: Cobos-Puc L, Aguayo-Morales H, Ventura-Sobrevilla J, Luque-Contreras D, Chin-Chan M. Further analysis of the inhibition by agmatine on the cardiac sympathetic outflow: Role of the α(2)-adrenoceptor subtypes. Eur J Pharmacol. 2017 Jun 15;805:75-83. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.009. Epub 2017 Mar 14. PubMed PMID: 28315344. 3: Surmelioglu O, Sencar L, Ozdemir S, Tarkan O, Dagkiran M, Surmelioglu N, Tuncer U, Polat S. Effects of agmatine sulphate on facial nerve injuries. J Laryngol Otol. 2017 Mar;131(3):221-226. doi: 10.1017/S0022215117000147. Epub 2017 Jan 26. PubMed PMID: 28122652. 4: Cobos-Puc LE, Sánchez-López A, Centurión D. Pharmacological analysis of the cardiac sympatho-inhibitory actions of moxonidine and agmatine in pithed spontaneously hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016 Nov 15;791:25-36. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.08.017. Epub 2016 Aug 24. PubMed PMID: 27565220. 5: Li YH, Tan YF, Cai HD, Zhang JQ. Metabonomic study of the fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla as an effective treatment for chronic renal injury in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2016 May 30;124:236-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.02.035. Epub 2016 Feb 27. PubMed PMID: 26966897. 6: Donalisio M, Quaranta P, Chiuppesi F, Pistello M, Cagno V, Cavalli R, Volante M, Bugatti A, Rusnati M, Ranucci E, Ferruti P, Lembo D. The AGMA1 poly(amidoamine) inhibits the infectivity of herpes simplex virus in cell lines, in human cervicovaginal histocultures, and in vaginally infected mice. Biomaterials. 2016 Apr;85:40-53. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.055. Epub 2016 Jan 27. PubMed PMID: 26854390. 7: Bicho D, Caramelo-Nunes C, Sousa A, Sousa F, Queiroz JA, Tomaz CT. Purification of influenza deoxyribonucleic acid-based vaccine using agmatine monolith. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2016 Feb 15;1012-1013:153-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.12.036. Epub 2015 Dec 24. PubMed PMID: 26827278. 8: Nader MA, Gamiel NM, El-Kashef H, Zaghloul MS. Effect of agmatine on experimental vascular endothelial dysfunction. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2016 May;35(5):573-82. doi: 10.1177/0960327115597311. Epub 2015 Sep 30. PubMed PMID: 26424770. 9: Cagno V, Donalisio M, Bugatti A, Civra A, Cavalli R, Ranucci E, Ferruti P, Rusnati M, Lembo D. The agmatine-containing poly(amidoamine) polymer AGMA1 binds cell surface heparan sulfates and prevents attachment of mucosal human papillomaviruses. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 Sep;59(9):5250-9. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00443-15. Epub 2015 Jun 15. PubMed PMID: 26077258; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4538463. 10: Pereira P, Sousa Â, Queiroz JA, Figueiras A, Sousa F. Pharmaceutical-grade pre-miR-29 purification using an agmatine monolithic support. J Chromatogr A. 2014 Nov 14;1368:173-82. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.080. Epub 2014 Oct 7. PubMed PMID: 25441352. 11: Sousa Â, Pereira P, Sousa F, Queiroz JA. Binding mechanisms for histamine and agmatine ligands in plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid purifications. J Chromatogr A. 2014 Oct 31;1366:110-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.031. Epub 2014 Sep 22. PubMed PMID: 25263062. 12: Gilad GM, Gilad VH. Long-term (5 years), high daily dosage of dietary agmatine--evidence of safety: a case report. J Med Food. 2014 Nov;17(11):1256-9. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2014.0026. Epub 2014 Sep 23. PubMed PMID: 25247837. 13: Gilad GM, Gilad VH. Evidence for oral agmatine sulfate safety--a 95-day high dosage pilot study with rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Dec;62:758-62. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.005. Epub 2013 Oct 16. PubMed PMID: 24140462. 14: Keynan O, Mirovsky Y, Dekel S, Gilad VH, Gilad GM. Safety and Efficacy of Dietary Agmatine Sulfate in Lumbar Disc-associated Radiculopathy. An Open-label, Dose-escalating Study Followed by a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial. Pain Med. 2010 Mar;11(3):356-68. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.00808.x. PubMed PMID: 20447305. 15: Ramón-Maiques S, Marina A, Guinot A, Gil-Ortiz F, Uriarte M, Fita I, Rubio V. Substrate binding and catalysis in carbamate kinase ascertained by crystallographic and site-directed mutagenesis studies: movements and significance of a unique globular subdomain of this key enzyme for fermentative ATP production in bacteria. J Mol Biol. 2010 Apr 16;397(5):1261-75. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.02.038. Epub 2010 Feb 25. PubMed PMID: 20188742. 16: Jiang SX, Zheng RY, Zeng JQ, Li XL, Han Z, Hou ST. Reversible inhibition of intracellular calcium influx through NMDA receptors by imidazoline I(2) receptor antagonists. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010 Mar 10;629(1-3):12-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.11.063. Epub 2009 Dec 1. PubMed PMID: 19958763. 17: Ko WC, Liu IM, Chung HH, Cheng JT. Activation of I(2)-imidazoline receptors may ameliorate insulin resistance in fructose-rich chow-fed rats. Neurosci Lett. 2008 Dec 19;448(1):90-3. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.10.002. Epub 2008 Oct 7. PubMed PMID: 18926881. 18: Tsumoto K, Ejima D, Nagase K, Arakawa T. Arginine improves protein elution in hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The cases of human interleukin-6 and activin-A. J Chromatogr A. 2007 Jun 22;1154(1-2):81-6. Epub 2007 Feb 24. PubMed PMID: 17449045. 19: Berenholz L, Segal S, Gilad VH, Klein C, Yehezkeli E, Eviatar E, Kessler A, Gilad GM. Agmatine treatment and vein graft reconstruction enhance recovery after experimental facial nerve injury. J Peripher Nerv Syst. 2005 Sep;10(3):319-28. PubMed PMID: 16221291. 20: Sakakibara Y, Yanagisawa H. Agmatine deiminase from cucumber seedlings is a mono-specific enzyme: purification and characteristics. Protein Expr Purif. 2003 Jul;30(1):88-93. PubMed PMID: 12821325.