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MedKoo Cat#: 540007 | Name: Alloxan Monohydrate
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Alloxan Monohydrate is a glucose analog used to induce diabetes by destroying beta-cells.

Chemical Structure

Alloxan Monohydrate
CAS#2244-11-3 (monohydrate)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 540007

Name: Alloxan Monohydrate

CAS#: 2244-11-3 (monohydrate)

Chemical Formula: C4H4N2O5

Exact Mass: 160.0120

Molecular Weight: 160.09

Elemental Analysis: C, 30.01; H, 2.52; N, 17.50; O, 49.97

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
5g USD 250.00 2 Weeks
10g USD 450.00 2 Weeks
25g USD 650.00 2 Weeks
50g USD 950.00 2 Weeks
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Related CAS #
50-71-5 (free base) 2244-11-3 (monohydrate) 6010-91-9 (tetrahydrate)
Synonym
IUPAC/Chemical Name
pyrimidine-2,4,5,6(1H,3H)-tetraone hydrate
InChi Key
DSXMTJRUNLATRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C4H2N2O4.H2O/c7-1-2(8)5-4(10)6-3(1)9;/h(H2,5,6,8,9,10);1H2
SMILES Code
O=C1NC(C(C(N1)=O)=O)=O.[H]O[H]
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 160.09 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
1: Allehyani BH, Elroby SA, Aziz SG, Hilal RH. Protonation and deprotonation enthalpies of alloxan and implications for the structure and energy of its complexes with water: a computational study. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2015;33(4):897-910. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2014.919238. Epub 2014 May 22. PubMed PMID: 24854009. 2: Adeneye AA, Adenekan SO, Adeyemi OO, Agbaje EO. Glucose utilization and anti-oxidative mechanisms of the aqueous hunteria umbellata seed extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Niger J Physiol Sci. 2014 Jun 19;29(1):71-9. PubMed PMID: 26196570. 3: Alamgeer -, Mushtaq MN, Bashir S, Ullah I, Karim S, Rashid M, Malik MN, Rashid H. Comparative hypoglycemic activity of different fractions of Thymus serpyllum L. in alloxan induced diabetic rabbits. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2016 Sep;29(5):1483-1488. PubMed PMID: 27731800. 4: Agwaya MS, Vuzi PC, Nandutu AM. Hypoglycemic Activity of Aqueous Root Bark Extract Zanthoxylum chalybeum in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. J Diabetes Res. 2016;2016:8727590. doi: 10.1155/2016/8727590. Epub 2016 Mar 16. PubMed PMID: 27069932; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4812402. 5: Aissaoui O, Amiali M, Bouzid N, Belkacemi K, Bitam A. Effect of Spirulina platensis ingestion on the abnormal biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in the pancreas and liver of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Pharm Biol. 2017 Dec;55(1):1304-1312. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1300820. PubMed PMID: 28274159. 6: Zhai T, Wang J, Sun L, Chen Y. The effect of streptozotocin and alloxan on the mRNA expression of rat hepatic transporters in vivo. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2015 Aug;16(4):767-70. doi: 10.1208/s12249-014-0262-0. Epub 2014 Dec 31. PubMed PMID: 25549789; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4508290. 7: Chen T, Gao J, Xiang P, Chen Y, Ji J, Xie P, Wu H, Xiao W, Wei Y, Wang S, Lan L, Ji H, Yan T. Protective effect of platycodin D on liver injury in alloxan-induced diabetic mice via regulation of Treg/Th17 balance. Int Immunopharmacol. 2015 Jun;26(2):338-48. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.04.001. Epub 2015 Apr 15. PubMed PMID: 25887267. 8: Kazemi-Darabadi S, Sarrafzadeh-Rezaei F, Farshid AA, Dalir-Naghadeh B. Allogenous skin fibroblast transplantation enhances excisional wound healing following alloxan diabetes in sheep, a randomized controlled trial. Int J Surg. 2014;12(8):751-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.06.007. Epub 2014 Jun 24. PubMed PMID: 24969829. 9: Ezeja MI, Anaga AO, Asuzu IU. Antidiabetic, antilipidemic, and antioxidant activities of Gouania longipetala methanol leaf extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Pharm Biol. 2015 Apr;53(4):605-14. doi: 10.3109/13880209.2014.935864. Epub 2014 Oct 21. PubMed PMID: 25330778. 10: Bhattacharya S, Gachhui R, Sil PC. Effect of Kombucha, a fermented black tea in attenuating oxidative stress mediated tissue damage in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Oct;60:328-40. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.051. Epub 2013 Jul 29. PubMed PMID: 23907022. 11: Salimi Z, Eskandary A, Headari R, Nejati V, Moradi M, Kalhori Z. Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) in the alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2015 Jan-Mar;59(1):87-93. PubMed PMID: 26571989. 12: Kumar P, Kale RK, Baquer NZ. Antihyperglycemic and protective effects of Trigonella foenum graecum seed powder on biochemical alterations in alloxan diabetic rats. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2012 Jul;16 Suppl 3:18-27. PubMed PMID: 22957414. 13: Ramprasath T, Kumar PH, Puhari SS, Murugan PS, Vasudevan V, Selvam GS. L-Arginine ameliorates cardiac left ventricular oxidative stress by upregulating eNOS and Nrf2 target genes in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012 Nov 23;428(3):389-94. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.10.064. Epub 2012 Oct 24. PubMed PMID: 23103544. 14: Abdel Aziz MA, Badary DM, Hussein MRA. Renal damage following Alloxan-induced diabetes is associated with generation of reactive oxygen species, alterations of p53, TGF-β1, and extracellular matrix metalloproteinases in rats. Cell Biol Int. 2017 May;41(5):525-533. doi: 10.1002/cbin.10752. Epub 2017 Mar 19. PubMed PMID: 28220578. 15: Jain S, Bhatia G, Barik R, Kumar P, Jain A, Dixit VK. Antidiabetic activity of Paspalum scrobiculatum Linn. in alloxan induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Feb 3;127(2):325-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.10.038. Epub 2009 Nov 10. PubMed PMID: 19900528. 16: Monday OM, Uzoma AI. Histological changes and antidiabetic activities of Icacina trichantha tuber extract in beta-cells of alloxan induced diabetic rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013 Aug;3(8):628-33; discussion 633. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60127-6. PubMed PMID: 23905020; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3703556. 17: Vieira EM, Ueno CS, Valva VN, Goulart Md, Nogueira Tde O, Gomes MF. Bone regeneration in cranioplasty and clinical complications in rabbits with alloxan-induced diabetes. Braz Oral Res. 2008 Apr-Jun;22(2):184-91. PubMed PMID: 18622490. 18: Kim JM, Chung JY, Lee SY, Choi EW, Kim MK, Hwang CY, Youn HY. Hypoglycemic effects of vanadium on alloxan monohydrate induced diabetic dogs. J Vet Sci. 2006 Dec;7(4):391-5. PubMed PMID: 17106233; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3242150. 19: Suzuki H, Inoue R, Kawamorita S, Komiya N, Imada Y, Naota T. Highly fluorescent flavins: rational molecular design for quenching protection based on repulsive and attractive control of molecular alignment. Chemistry. 2015 Jun 15;21(25):9171-8. doi: 10.1002/chem.201406346. Epub 2015 May 11. PubMed PMID: 25962532. 20: Yimam M, Zhao J, Corneliusen B, Pantier M, Brownell L, Jia Q. Blood glucose lowering activity of aloe based composition, UP780, in alloxan induced insulin dependent mouse diabetes model. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2014 May 24;6:61. doi: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-61. eCollection 2014. PubMed PMID: 24891878; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4041641.