Synonym
                                        Vanoxerine dihydrochloride; GBR 12909; GBR-12909; GBR12909.
                                     
                                    
                                        IUPAC/Chemical Name
                                        1-(2-[bis(4-Fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl)-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride
                                     
                                    
                                        InChi Key
                                        MIBSKSYCRFWIRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
                                     
                                    
                                        InChi Code
                                        InChI=1S/C28H32F2N2O.2ClH/c29-26-12-8-24(9-13-26)28(25-10-14-27(30)15-11-25)33-22-21-32-19-17-31(18-20-32)16-4-7-23-5-2-1-3-6-23;;/h1-3,5-6,8-15,28H,4,7,16-22H2;2*1H
                                     
                                    
                                        SMILES Code
                                        FC1=CC=C(C(C2=CC=C(F)C=C2)OCCN3CCN(CCCC4=CC=CC=C4)CC3)C=C1.[H]Cl.[H]Cl
                                     
                                    
                                        Appearance
                                        White to off-white solid powder
                                     
                                    
                                        Purity
                                        >98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
                                     
                                    
                                        Shipping Condition
                                        Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical.  This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
                                     
                                    
                                        Storage Condition
                                        Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
                                     
                                    
                                        Solubility
                                        Soluble in DMSO
                                     
                                    
                                        Shelf Life
                                        >2 years if stored properly
                                     
                                    
                                        Drug Formulation
                                        This drug may be formulated in DMSO
                                     
                                    
                                        Stock Solution Storage
                                        0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
                                     
                                    
                                        HS Tariff Code
                                        2934.99.9001
                                     
                                    
                                 
                             
                            
                                                        
                                                                
                                    Preparing Stock Solutions
                                    
                                        The following data is based on the
                                        product
                                        molecular weight
                                        523.49
                                        Batch specific molecular weights may vary
                                        from batch to batch
                                        due to the degree of hydration, which will
                                        affect the solvent
                                        volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
                                    
                                    
                                    
                                        
                                            
                                            
                                                | Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass | 
                                                1 mg | 
                                                5 mg | 
                                                10 mg | 
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                                | 1 mM | 
                                                1.15 mL | 
                                                5.76 mL | 
                                                11.51 mL | 
                                            
                                            
                                                | 5 mM | 
                                                0.23 mL | 
                                                1.15 mL | 
                                                2.3 mL | 
                                            
                                            
                                                | 10 mM | 
                                                0.12 mL | 
                                                0.58 mL | 
                                                1.15 mL | 
                                            
                                            
                                                | 50 mM | 
                                                0.02 mL | 
                                                0.12 mL | 
                                                0.23 mL | 
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                     
                                 
                                                             
                            
                            
                                
                                    1: Lane EL, Cheetham S, Jenner P. Dopamine uptake inhibitor-induced rotation in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats involves both D1 and D2 receptors but is modulated through 5-hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Mar;312(3):1124-31. PubMed PMID: 15542624.
2: Mike A, Karoly R, Vizi ES, Kiss JP. A novel modulatory mechanism of sodium currents: frequency-dependence without state-dependent binding. Neuroscience. 2004;125(4):1019-28. PubMed PMID: 15120861.
3: Choong KC, Shen RY. Methylphenidate restores ventral tegmental area dopamine neuron activity in prenatal ethanol-exposed rats by augmenting dopamine neurotransmission. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 May;309(2):444-51. PubMed PMID: 14724217.
4: Rahman S, Engleman E, Simon J, McBride WJ. Negative interaction of dopamine D2 receptor antagonists and GBR 12909 and GBR 12935 dopamine uptake inhibitors in the nucleus accumbens. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001 Feb 23;414(1):37-44. PubMed PMID: 11230993.
5: Romualdi P, D'Addario C, Ferri S, Cox BM, Izenwasser S. Chronic GBR 12909 administration differentially alters prodynorphin gene expression compared to cocaine. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001 Feb 16;413(2-3):207-12. PubMed PMID: 11226394.
6: Howell LL, Czoty PW, Kuhar MJ, Carrol FI. Comparative behavioral pharmacology  of cocaine and the selective dopamine uptake inhibitor RTI-113 in the squirrel monkey. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Feb;292(2):521-9. PubMed PMID: 10640288.
7: Mochizuki T, Villemagne VL, Scheffel U, Liu X, Musachio JL, Dannals RF, Wagner HN Jr. A simple probe measures the pharmacokinetics of[125I]RTI-55 in mouse brain in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol. 1997 Oct 29;338(1):17-23. PubMed PMID: 9407999.
8: Nagase T, Hotta K, Morita S, Sakai K, Yamane M, Omote M, Mizusawa H. [Pharmacological effects of the novel dopamine uptake inhibitor 1-[2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)-methoxy]ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl) piperazine dihydrochloride (I-893) on the central nervous system]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi.  1991 Aug;98(2):121-41. Japanese. PubMed PMID: 1833294.
9: Mount H, Boksa P, Chaudieu I, Quirion R. Phencyclidine and related compounds evoked [3H]dopamine release from rat mesencephalic cell cultures by a mechanism independent of the phencyclidine receptor, sigma binding site, or dopamine uptake site. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1990 Sep;68(9):1200-6. PubMed PMID: 1980428.
10: Nagase T, Ishiko J, Takaori S. [Effects of 1-[2-[bis(fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl) piperazine dihydrochloride (I-893) on turnover of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 1987 Aug;90(2):105-14. Japanese. PubMed PMID: 3119439.