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MedKoo Cat#: 326793 | Name: Paradol
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Paradol, also known as 6-Paradol, is the active flavor constituent of the seeds of Guinea pepper (Aframomum melegueta or grains of paradise). It is also found in ginger. Paradol has been found to have antioxidant and antitumor promoting effects in a mouse model. It is used in flavors as an essential oil to give spiciness.

Chemical Structure

Paradol
Paradol
CAS#27113-22-0

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 326793

Name: Paradol

CAS#: 27113-22-0

Chemical Formula: C17H26O3

Exact Mass: 278.1882

Molecular Weight: 278.39

Elemental Analysis: C, 73.35; H, 9.41; O, 17.24

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
200mg USD 450.00 2 Weeks
500mg USD 950.00 2 Weeks
1g USD 1,650.00 2 Weeks
2g USD 2,950.00 2 Weeks
5g USD 6,650.00 2 Weeks
10g USD 9,950.00 2 Weeks
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Synonym
6-Paradol; Paradol
IUPAC/Chemical Name
1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)decan-5-one
InChi Key
IKCUWBHTOKPRNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C17H26O3/c1-3-4-5-9-15(18)10-7-6-8-14-11-12-16(19)17(13-14)20-2/h11-13,19H,3-10H2,1-2H3
SMILES Code
CCCCCC(CCCCC1=CC=C(O)C(OC)=C1)=O
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Paradol is an effective inhibitor of tumor promotion in mouse skin carcinogenesis, binds to cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 active site.
In vitro activity:
To further validate whether 6-P had the inhibitory effect on migration and invasion of MIA PaCa-2 and SW1990, transwell assay and wound healing assay were performed to evaluate to migrate and invasive ability. The migration and invasion significantly decreased in the concentration of 40 and 80 μM compared with 0 μM, revealing that 6-P could also partly suppress the metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was tested using western blot assay to detect the protein levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin. The results demonstrated that the expression of E-cadherin gradually rose with the increasing concentration of 6-P. Conversely, the expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin gradually reduced with the increasing concentration of 6-P. The results suggested an inhibited function of 6-P on EMT of pancreatic cancer cells. Reference: Cancer Cell Int. 2021 Aug 10;21(1):420. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34376189/
In vivo activity:
The current study evaluates the effect of 6-paradol in amelioration of ulcerative colitis in rats for the first time. Rats were divided randomly into six groups (n = 8). Group one was administered normal saline; group two was treated with the vehicle only; group three, sulfasalazine 500 mg/kg; and groups four, five, and six, were given 6-paradol (50, 100, 200, respectively) mg/kg orally through gastric gavage for 7 days. Colitis was induced on 4th day by intrarectal administration of 2 ml acetic acid (3%), approximately 3 cm from anal verge. Colonic and serum glutathione (GSH) levels decreased, while colonic and serum malondialdehyde (MDA), colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), serum tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels, and colon weight to length ratio were increased significantly in the colitis untreated group compared to normal control. Treatment with 6-paradol considerably improved all these parameters, especially at a dose of 200 mg/kg (p < 0.001), revealing non-significant differences with sulfasalazine 500 mg/kg and normal control (p = 0.998). Sulfasalazine and 6-paradol in a dose dependent manner also markedly reversed mucosal oedema, atrophy and inflammation, cryptic damage, haemorrhage, and ulceration. In conclusion, 6-Paradol demonstrated protection against acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis, probably by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. Reference: BMC Complement Med Ther. 2021 Jan 13;21(1):28. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33441125/
Solvent mg/mL mM
Solubility
DMSO 82.5 296.34
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 278.39 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Wang R, Liu T, Chen J, Zhang D. Paradol Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Glioblastoma Cells. Nutr Cancer. 2022 Jan 18:1-8. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2028866. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35040364. 2. Jiang X, Wang J, Chen P, He Z, Xu J, Chen Y, Liu X, Jiang J. [6]-Paradol suppresses proliferation and metastases of pancreatic cancer by decreasing EGFR and inactivating PI3K/AKT signaling. Cancer Cell Int. 2021 Aug 10;21(1):420. doi: 10.1186/s12935-021-02118-0. PMID: 34376189; PMCID: PMC8353760. 3. Rafeeq M, Murad HAS, Abdallah HM, El-Halawany AM. Protective effect of 6-paradol in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2021 Jan 13;21(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s12906-021-03203-7. Erratum in: BMC Complement Med Ther. 2021 Feb 10;21(1):60. PMID: 33441125; PMCID: PMC7805070. 4. El-Maadawy WH, Hassan M, Abdou RM, El-Dine RS, Aboushousha T, El-Tanbouly ND, El-Sayed AM. 6-Paradol alleviates Diclofenac-induced acute kidney injury via autophagy enhancement-mediated by AMPK/AKT/mTOR and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2022 Jan 25;91:103817. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103817. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35091105.
In vitro protocol:
1. Wang R, Liu T, Chen J, Zhang D. Paradol Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Glioblastoma Cells. Nutr Cancer. 2022 Jan 18:1-8. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2028866. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35040364. 2. Jiang X, Wang J, Chen P, He Z, Xu J, Chen Y, Liu X, Jiang J. [6]-Paradol suppresses proliferation and metastases of pancreatic cancer by decreasing EGFR and inactivating PI3K/AKT signaling. Cancer Cell Int. 2021 Aug 10;21(1):420. doi: 10.1186/s12935-021-02118-0. PMID: 34376189; PMCID: PMC8353760.
In vivo protocol:
1. Rafeeq M, Murad HAS, Abdallah HM, El-Halawany AM. Protective effect of 6-paradol in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2021 Jan 13;21(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s12906-021-03203-7. Erratum in: BMC Complement Med Ther. 2021 Feb 10;21(1):60. PMID: 33441125; PMCID: PMC7805070. 2. El-Maadawy WH, Hassan M, Abdou RM, El-Dine RS, Aboushousha T, El-Tanbouly ND, El-Sayed AM. 6-Paradol alleviates Diclofenac-induced acute kidney injury via autophagy enhancement-mediated by AMPK/AKT/mTOR and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2022 Jan 25;91:103817. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103817. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35091105.
1: Pázmándi K, Szöllősi AG, Fekete T. The "root" causes behind the anti- inflammatory actions of ginger compounds in immune cells. Front Immunol. 2024 Jun 28;15:1400956. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1400956. PMID: 39007134; PMCID: PMC11239339. 2: Ayustaningwarno F, Anjani G, Ayu AM, Fogliano V. A critical review of Ginger's (Zingiber officinale) antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities. Front Nutr. 2024 Jun 6;11:1364836. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1364836. PMID: 38903613; PMCID: PMC11187345. 3: Gondokesumo ME, Rasyak MR. In-silico prediction of anti-breast cancer activity of ginger (Zingiber officinale) using machine learning techniques. Breast Dis. 2024;43(1):99-110. doi: 10.3233/BD-249002. PMID: 38758988; PMCID: PMC11191463. 4: Mehrotra S, Goyal V, Dimkpa CO, Chhokar V. Green Synthesis and Characterization of Ginger-Derived Silver Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activities. Plants (Basel). 2024 Apr 30;13(9):1255. doi: 10.3390/plants13091255. PMID: 38732470; PMCID: PMC11085059. 5: Bae DH, Bae H, Yu HS, Dorjsembe B, No YH, Kim T, Kim NH, Kim JW, Kim J, Lee BS, Kim YJ, Park S, Khaleel ZH, Sa DH, Lee EC, Lee J, Ham J, Kim JC, Kim YH. Peptide-Drug Conjugate with Statistically Designed Transcellular Peptide for Psoriasis-Like Inflammation. Adv Healthc Mater. 2024 Jun;13(15):e2303480. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202303480. Epub 2024 Mar 9. PMID: 38421096. 6: Liu Q, Luo Q, Fan Q, Li Y, Lu A, Guan D. Screening of the key response component groups and mechanism verification of Huangqi-Guizhi-Wuwu-Decoction in treating rheumatoid arthritis based on a novel computational pharmacological model. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2024 Jan 2;24(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s12906-023-04315-y. PMID: 38166916; PMCID: PMC10759359. 7: Huang Y, Liu Q, Liu M, Xu L, Li Y, Chen Q, Guan D, Xu J, Lin C, Wang S. System pharmacology-based determination of the functional components and mechanisms in chronic heart failure treatment: an example of Zhenwu decoction. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2023 Nov 3:1-19. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2274515. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37921741. 8: Liang Q, Wang JW, Bai YR, Li RL, Wu CJ, Peng W. Targeting TRPV1 and TRPA1: A feasible strategy for natural herbal medicines to combat postoperative ileus. Pharmacol Res. 2023 Oct;196:106923. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106923. Epub 2023 Sep 13. PMID: 37709183. 9: Sheikh HI, Zakaria NH, Abdul Majid FA, Zamzuri F, Fadhlina A, Hairani MAS. Promising roles of Zingiber officinale roscoe, Curcuma longa L., and Momordica charantia L. as immunity modulators against COVID-19: A bibliometric analysis. J Agric Food Res. 2023 Dec;14:100680. doi: 10.1016/j.jafr.2023.100680. Epub 2023 Jun 12. PMID: 37346755; PMCID: PMC10259168. 10: Van B, Abdalla AN, Algarni AS, Khalid A, Zengin G, Aumeeruddy MZ, Mahomoodally MF. Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Ginger) and its Bioactive Compounds in Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies and Insight of Mechanism of Action. Curr Med Chem. 2023 May 24. doi: 10.2174/0929867330666230524122318. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37226794. 11: Husain I, Dale OR, Idrisi M, Gurley BJ, Avula B, Katragunta K, Ali Z, Chittiboyina A, Noonan G, Khan IA, Khan SI. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction (HDI) Potential of Zingiber officinale and Its Major Phytoconstituents. J Agric Food Chem. 2023 May 17;71(19):7521-7534. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07912. Epub 2023 May 3. PMID: 37134183. 12: Zhang X, Hu G, Xu C, Nie W, Cai K, Fang H, Xu B. Inhibition of benzo[a]pyrene formation in charcoal-grilled pork sausages by ginger and its key compounds. J Sci Food Agric. 2023 Apr;103(6):2838-2847. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.12470. Epub 2023 Feb 7. PMID: 36700254. 13: Sharma S, Shukla MK, Sharma KC, Tirath, Kumar L, Anal JMH, Upadhyay SK, Bhattacharyya S, Kumar D. Revisiting the therapeutic potential of gingerols against different pharmacological activities. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2023 Apr;396(4):633-647. doi: 10.1007/s00210-022-02372-7. Epub 2022 Dec 31. PMID: 36585999; PMCID: PMC9803890. 14: Wang R, Lee YG, Dhandapani S, Baek NI, Kim KP, Cho YE, Xu X, Kim YJ. 8-paradol from ginger exacerbates PINK1/Parkin mediated mitophagy to induce apoptosis in human gastric adenocarcinoma. Pharmacol Res. 2023 Jan;187:106610. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106610. Epub 2022 Dec 12. PMID: 36521573. 15: Ma RH, Ni ZJ, Thakur K, Cespedes-Acuña CL, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. Transcriptome and proteomics conjoint analysis reveal metastasis inhibitory effect of 6-shogaol as ferroptosis activator through the PI3K/AKT pathway in human endometrial carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol. 2022 Dec;170:113499. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113499. Epub 2022 Oct 29. PMID: 36341865. 16: Sudeep HV, Aman K, Jestin TV, Shyamprasad K. Aframomum melegueta Seed Extract with Standardized Content of 6-Paradol Reduces Visceral Fat and Enhances Energy Expenditure in Overweight Adults - A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo- Controlled Clinical Study. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2022 Oct 28;16:3777-3791. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S367350. PMID: 36329722; PMCID: PMC9624637. 17: Binmahfouz LS, Almukadi H, Alamoudi AJ, El-Halawany AM, Abdallah HM, Algandaby MM, Mohamed GA, Ibrahim SRM, Alghamdi FA, Al-Shaeri M, Abdel-Naim AB. 6-Paradol Alleviates Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats by Inhibiting AKT/mTOR Axis. Plants (Basel). 2022 Oct 3;11(19):2602. doi: 10.3390/plants11192602. PMID: 36235468; PMCID: PMC9571361. 18: Dang J, Lv Y, Li C, Fang Y, Li G, Wang Q. Integrated chromatographic approach for the discovery of gingerol antioxidants from Dracocephalum heterophyllum and their potential targets. Anal Methods. 2022 Oct 27;14(41):4133-4145. doi: 10.1039/d2ay01282k. PMID: 36226573. 19: Li J, Zhang Y, Liu S, Li W, Sun Y, Cao H, Wang S, Meng J. A network pharmacology integrated pharmacokinetics strategy to investigate the pharmacological mechanism of absorbed components from crude and processed Zingiberis Rhizoma on deficiency-cold and hemorrhagic syndrome. J Ethnopharmacol. 2023 Jan 30;301:115754. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115754. Epub 2022 Oct 1. PMID: 36195301. 20: Gao Y, Lu Y, Zhang N, Udenigwe CC, Zhang Y, Fu Y. Preparation, pungency and bioactivity of gingerols from ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024;64(9):2708-2733. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2124951. Epub 2022 Sep 22. PMID: 36135317.