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MedKoo Cat#: 318487 | Name: Phenylephrine HCl
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Phenylephrine hydrochloride is a phenylephrine and an α1-adrenoceptor agonist that promotes hypertrophic growth in the ventricular myocytes, and activates several MAPK signaling pathways. It is used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent. Phenylephrine hydrochloride is an activator of α1A-AR, α1D-AR and α1B-AR.

Chemical Structure

Phenylephrine HCl
Phenylephrine HCl
CAS#61-76-7 (HCl)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 318487

Name: Phenylephrine HCl

CAS#: 61-76-7 (HCl)

Chemical Formula: C9H14ClNO2

Exact Mass:

Molecular Weight: 203.67

Elemental Analysis: C, 53.08; H, 6.93; Cl, 17.41; N, 6.88; O, 15.71

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
1g USD 150.00
2g USD 250.00
5g USD 450.00
10g USD 650.00
20g USD 850.00
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Related CAS #
59-42-7 (free base) 61-76-7 (HCl)
Synonym
Phenylephrine Hydrochloride; Phenylephrine HCl; Metaoxedrine chloride; Neosympatol; Oftalfrine; Mezaton; Neo Synephrine; Neo-Synephrine; Neosynephrine ;Phenylephrine; Phenylephrine Hydrochloride; Phenylephrine Tannate;
IUPAC/Chemical Name
3-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol;hydrochloride
InChi Key
OCYSGIYOVXAGKQ-FVGYRXGTSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C9H13NO2.ClH/c1-10-6-9(12)7-3-2-4-8(11)5-7;/h2-5,9-12H,6H2,1H3;1H/t9-;/m0./s1
SMILES Code
CNCC(C1=CC(=CC=C1)O)O.Cl
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
(R)-(-)-Phenylephrine hydrochloride is a selective α1-adrenoceptor agonist with pKis of 5.86, 4.87 and 4.70 for α1D, α1B and α1A receptors.
In vitro activity:
The present study investigates whether the CaN-mediated nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) pathway is involved in cultured neonatal rat cardiac fibroblast proliferation induced by phenylephrine. Results showed that phenylephrine promoted CF proliferation, which was abolished by α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist (prazosin), a blocker of Ca(+2) influx (nifedipine), an intracellular Ca(2+) buffer (BAPTA-AM), CaN inhibitors (cyclosporin A and FK506), and over-expression of dominant negative CaN. Phenylephrine activated CaN and evoked NFAT3 nuclear translocation, both of which were blocked by cyclosporine A (CsA) or over-expression of dominant negative CaN. Reference: Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2016 Jan 1;21(3):502-13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26709790/
In vivo activity:
The perfusion of phenylephrine at 1×10(-8), 1×10(-7), 1×10(-6), and 1×10(-5) mol/L significantly increased the AFC in HVT ventilated rats (all P<0.05). This effect of phenylephrine on AFC was suppressed by prazosin, atenolol, and ICI-118551 in HVT ventilated rats by 53%, 31%, and 37%, respectively (all P<0.05). The AFC-stimulating effect of phenylephrine was lowered by 33% and 42% with amiloride and ouabain, respectively (both P<0.05). Colchicine significantly inhibited the effect of phenylephrine (P=0.031). Reference: Chin Med Sci J. 2013 Mar;28(1):1-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527799/
Solvent mg/mL mM comments
Solubility
DMSO 51.6 253.32
Ethanol 33.0 162.03
PBS (pH 7.2) 5.0 24.55
Water 53.8 264.11
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 203.67 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Zhao Z, Lv J, Guo N, Guo Q, Zeng S, Fang Y, Chen W, Wang Z. Dose-dependent effects of PRC2 and HDAC inhibitors on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by phenylephrine. Curr Drug Targets. 2023 Jan 24. doi: 10.2174/1389450124666230124094936. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36734909. 2. Wang J, Wang Y, Zhang W, Zhao X, Chen X, Xiao W, Zhang L, Chen Y, Zhu W. Phenylephrine promotes cardiac fibroblast proliferation through calcineurin-NFAT pathway. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2016 Jan 1;21(3):502-13. doi: 10.2741/4405. PMID: 26709790. 3. Rajanathan R, Pedersen TM, Thomsen MB, Botker HE, Matchkov VV. Phenylephrine-Induced Cardiovascular Changes in the Anesthetized Mouse: An Integrated Assessment of in vivo Hemodynamics Under Conditions of Controlled Heart Rate. Front Physiol. 2022 Feb 17;13:831724. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.831724. PMID: 35250634; PMCID: PMC8891648. 4. Li NJ, Gu X, Li W, Li Y, Li SQ, He P. Effect of phenylephrine on alveolar fluid clearance in ventilator-induced lung injury. Chin Med Sci J. 2013 Mar;28(1):1-6. doi: 10.1016/s1001-9294(13)60011-5. PMID: 23527799.
In vitro protocol:
1. Zhao Z, Lv J, Guo N, Guo Q, Zeng S, Fang Y, Chen W, Wang Z. Dose-dependent effects of PRC2 and HDAC inhibitors on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by phenylephrine. Curr Drug Targets. 2023 Jan 24. doi: 10.2174/1389450124666230124094936. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36734909. 2. Wang J, Wang Y, Zhang W, Zhao X, Chen X, Xiao W, Zhang L, Chen Y, Zhu W. Phenylephrine promotes cardiac fibroblast proliferation through calcineurin-NFAT pathway. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2016 Jan 1;21(3):502-13. doi: 10.2741/4405. PMID: 26709790.
In vivo protocol:
1. Rajanathan R, Pedersen TM, Thomsen MB, Botker HE, Matchkov VV. Phenylephrine-Induced Cardiovascular Changes in the Anesthetized Mouse: An Integrated Assessment of in vivo Hemodynamics Under Conditions of Controlled Heart Rate. Front Physiol. 2022 Feb 17;13:831724. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.831724. PMID: 35250634; PMCID: PMC8891648. 2. Li NJ, Gu X, Li W, Li Y, Li SQ, He P. Effect of phenylephrine on alveolar fluid clearance in ventilator-induced lung injury. Chin Med Sci J. 2013 Mar;28(1):1-6. doi: 10.1016/s1001-9294(13)60011-5. PMID: 23527799.
1: Belal TS, El-Kafrawy DS, Mahrous MS, Abdel-Khalek MM, Abo-Gharam AH. Validated spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods for simultaneous determination of ketorolac tromethamine and phenylephrine hydrochloride. Ann Pharm Fr. 2016 Feb 16. pii: S0003-4509(16)00003-1. doi: 10.1016/j.pharma.2015.12.006. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26895689. 2: El Yazbi FA, Hassan EM, Khamis EF, Ragab MA, Hamdy MM. Development and Validation of a High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Two Binary Mixtures Containing Ketorolac Tromethamine with Phenylephrine Hydrochloride and with Febuxostat. J Chromatogr Sci. 2016 Feb 3. pii: bmv250. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26847918. 3: Meltzer EO, Ratner PH, McGraw T. Phenylephrine hydrochloride modified-release tablets for nasal congestion: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in allergic rhinitis patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016 Jan;116(1):66-71. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2015.10.022. Epub 2015 Nov 7. PubMed PMID: 26560899. 4: Maher HM, Alshehri MM, Al-taweel SM. Derivative emission spectrofluorimetry for the simultaneous determination of guaifenesin and phenylephrine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical tablets. Luminescence. 2015 May;30(3):330-6. doi: 10.1002/bio.2735. Epub 2014 Jul 10. PubMed PMID: 25044215. 5: Gosliga JM, Barter LS. Cardiovascular effects of dopamine hydrochloride and phenylephrine hydrochloride in healthy isoflurane-anesthetized New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Am J Vet Res. 2015 Feb;76(2):116-21. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.76.2.116. PubMed PMID: 25629908. 6: Dreno C, Gicquel T, Harry M, Tribut O, Aubin F, Brandhonneur N, Dollo G. Formulation and stability study of a pediatric 2% phenylephrine hydrochloride eye drop solution. Ann Pharm Fr. 2015 Jan;73(1):31-6. doi: 10.1016/j.pharma.2014.06.006. Epub 2014 Jul 14. PubMed PMID: 25577014. 7: Xu X, Shen Y, Wang W, Sun C, Li C, Xiong Y, Tu J. Preparation and in vitro characterization of thermosensitive and mucoadhesive hydrogels for nasal delivery of phenylephrine hydrochloride. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2014 Nov;88(3):998-1004. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.08.015. Epub 2014 Sep 26. PubMed PMID: 25257714. 8: Dewani AP, Shelke PG, Bakal RL, Jaybhaye SS, Chandewar AV, Patra S. Gradient HPLC-DAD determination of paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride, cetirizine in tablet formulation. Drug Res (Stuttg). 2014 May;64(5):251-6. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1357191. Epub 2013 Oct 16. PubMed PMID: 24132702. 9: Janin A, Monnet J. Bioavailability of paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride and guaifenesin in a fixed-combination syrup versus an oral reference product. J Int Med Res. 2014 Apr;42(2):347-59. doi: 10.1177/0300060513503762. Epub 2014 Feb 19. PubMed PMID: 24553480. 10: Furcha R, Monnet J. Clinical assessment of the warming sensation accompanying flavor 316282 in a cold and cough syrup containing paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride, and guaifenesin. SAGE Open Med. 2014 Jan 28;2:2050312113518198. doi: 10.1177/2050312113518198. eCollection 2014. PubMed PMID: 26770699; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4607193. 11: Jog M, Sachidananda R, Saeed K. Risk of contamination of lidocaine hydrochloride and phenylephrine hydrochloride topical solution: in vivo and in vitro analyses. J Laryngol Otol. 2013 Aug;127(8):799-801. doi: 10.1017/S0022215113001564. Epub 2013 Jul 30. PubMed PMID: 23899822. 12: Kumar A, Sharma R, Nair A, Saini G. Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of nimesulide, phenylephrine hydrochloride, chlorpheniramine maleate and caffeine anhydrous in pharmaceutical dosage form. Acta Pol Pharm. 2012 Nov-Dec;69(6):1017-22. PubMed PMID: 23285660. 13: Sarkar S, Hasnat AM, Bharadwaj SR. Revisiting the impact of phenylephrine hydrochloride on static and dynamic accommodation. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2012 Nov-Dec;60(6):503-9. doi: 10.4103/0301-4738.103773. PubMed PMID: 23202387; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3545125. 14: Kumar A, Philip AK, Pathak K. Asymmetric membrane capsules of phenylephrine hydrochloride: an osmotically controlled drug delivery system. Curr Drug Deliv. 2011 Sep;8(5):474-82. PubMed PMID: 21696358. 15: Mohta M, Janani SS, Sethi AK, Agarwal D, Tyagi A. Comparison of phenylephrine hydrochloride and mephentermine sulphate for prevention of post spinal hypotension. Anaesthesia. 2010 Dec;65(12):1200-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2010.06559.x. PubMed PMID: 21182601. 16: Martin-Flores M, Mercure-McKenzie TM, Campoy L, Erb HN, Ludders JW, Gleed RD. Controlled retrospective study of the effects of eyedrops containing phenylephrine hydrochloride and scopolamine hydrobromide on mean arterial blood pressure in anesthetized dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2010 Dec;71(12):1407-12. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.71.12.1407. PubMed PMID: 21117990. 17: Samadi-Maybodi A, Hassani Nejad-Darzi SK. Simultaneous determination of paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride and chlorpheniramine maleate in pharmaceutical preparations using multivariate calibration 1. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2010 Apr;75(4):1270-4. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.12.048. Epub 2009 Dec 22. PubMed PMID: 20097597. 18: Palabiyik IM, Onur F. Multivariate optimization and validation of a capillary electrophoresis method for the simultaneous determination of dextromethorphan hydrobromur, phenylephrine hydrochloride, paracetamol and chlorpheniramine maleate in a pharmaceutical preparation using response surface methodology. Anal Sci. 2010;26(8):853-9. PubMed PMID: 20702938. 19: Kiser TH, Oldland AR, Fish DN. Stability of phenylephrine hydrochloride injection in polypropylene syringes. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2007 May 15;64(10):1092-5. PubMed PMID: 17494910. 20: Demayo AP, Reidenberg MM. Grand mal seizure in a child 30 minutes after Cyclogyl (cyclopentolate hydrochloride) and 10% Neo-Synephrine (phenylephrine hydrochloride) eye drops were instilled. Pediatrics. 2004 May;113(5):e499-500. PubMed PMID: 15121994.

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