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MedKoo Cat#: 318197 | Name: Methacholine Chloride
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Methacholine chloride is used to constrict airway smooth muscle and to assess bronchial reactivity. Methacholine chloride is a cholinergic agonist and parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor. A metabolically stable analog of acetylcholine, it is a muscarinic receptor (mAChR) agonist.

Chemical Structure

Methacholine Chloride
Methacholine Chloride
CAS#62-51-1

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 318197

Name: Methacholine Chloride

CAS#: 62-51-1

Chemical Formula: C8H18ClNO2

Exact Mass: 0.0000

Molecular Weight: 195.69

Elemental Analysis: C, 49.10; H, 9.27; Cl, 18.12; N, 7.16; O, 16.35

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
5g USD 250.00 2 weeks
10g USD 400.00 2 weeks
25g USD 650.00 2 weeks
100g USD 950.00 2 weeks
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Related CAS #
62-51-1 (chloride) 55-92-5 (free)
Synonym
Methacholine Chloride; Acetyl-beta-methylcholine chloride; Provocholine; Mecholyl chloride; Amechol; Methapharma Brand of Methacholine Chloride; Provocholine; Provokit; Roche Brand of Methacholine Chloride;
IUPAC/Chemical Name
2-acetyloxypropyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride
InChi Key
JHPHVAVFUYTVCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C8H18NO2.ClH/c1-7(11-8(2)10)6-9(3,4)5;/h7H,6H2,1-5H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
SMILES Code
CC(C[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)C.[Cl-]
Appearance
White to off-white crystalline powder.
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Methacholine (Acetyl-β-methylcholine) choride is a potent muscarinic-3 (M3) agonist.
In vitro activity:
The muscarinic receptor agonists carbachol and methacholine both induced modest effects on basal interleukin (IL)-8 and -6 secretion, whereas the secretion of RANTES, eotaxin, vascular endothelial growth factor-A and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was not affected. In these cells, methacholine also significantly augmented IL-8 secretion in combination with cigarette smoke extract in a synergistic manner, whereas synergistic effects on IL-6 secretion were not significant. Reference: Eur Respir J. 2009 Dec;34(6):1436-43. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19460789/
In vivo activity:
Twenty-seven mongrel dogs were anaesthetized with pentobarbital. Bronchoconstriction was elicited with methacholine (0.5 microg kg(-1)+5.0 microg kg(-1) min(-1); Mch group, n=7) or serotonin (10 microg kg(-1)+1 mg kg(-1) h(-1); 5HT group, n=20), and assessed as percentage changes in bronchial cross-sectional area (BCA, basal=100%) using a bronchoscope. Methacholine and serotonin reduced BCA (bronchial cross-sectional area) by about 50 and 40% respectively. Reference: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12925478/ Br J Anaesth. 2003 Sep;91(3):379-84.
Solvent mg/mL mM comments
Solubility
DMSO 46.4 236.94
Ethanol 39.0 199.30
PBS (pH 7.2) 5.0 25.55
Water 36.5 186.52
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 195.69 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Huo Y, Xu J, Guan L, Wu W, Guo B, Yang Y, Lin L, Ou Y, Jiang F, Zhou L, Chen R. Methacholine induces extracellular matrix production by human airway smooth muscle cells through β-catenin signaling. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2018 Aug;254:55-63. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2018.04.010. Epub 2018 Apr 30. PMID: 29715518. 2. Gosens R, Rieks D, Meurs H, Ninaber DK, Rabe KF, Nanninga J, Kolahian S, Halayko AJ, Hiemstra PS, Zuyderduyn S. Muscarinic M3 receptor stimulation increases cigarette smoke-induced IL-8 secretion by human airway smooth muscle cells. Eur Respir J. 2009 Dec;34(6):1436-43. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00045209. Epub 2009 May 21. PMID: 19460789. 3. Kabara S, Hirota K, Yoshioka H, Kudo T, Ishihara H, Matsuki A. Differential effects of thiopental on methacholine- and serotonin-induced bronchoconstriction in dogs. Br J Anaesth. 2003 Sep;91(3):379-84. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeg190. PMID: 12925478. 4. Folkerts G, van Heuven-Nolsen D, Nijkamp FP. Bradykinin causes inhibition of methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in vivo in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2001 Jul;364(1):53-8. doi: 10.1007/s002100100430. PMID: 11485039.
In vitro protocol:
1. Huo Y, Xu J, Guan L, Wu W, Guo B, Yang Y, Lin L, Ou Y, Jiang F, Zhou L, Chen R. Methacholine induces extracellular matrix production by human airway smooth muscle cells through β-catenin signaling. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2018 Aug;254:55-63. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2018.04.010. Epub 2018 Apr 30. PMID: 29715518. 2. Gosens R, Rieks D, Meurs H, Ninaber DK, Rabe KF, Nanninga J, Kolahian S, Halayko AJ, Hiemstra PS, Zuyderduyn S. Muscarinic M3 receptor stimulation increases cigarette smoke-induced IL-8 secretion by human airway smooth muscle cells. Eur Respir J. 2009 Dec;34(6):1436-43. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00045209. Epub 2009 May 21. PMID: 19460789.
In vivo protocol:
1. Kabara S, Hirota K, Yoshioka H, Kudo T, Ishihara H, Matsuki A. Differential effects of thiopental on methacholine- and serotonin-induced bronchoconstriction in dogs. Br J Anaesth. 2003 Sep;91(3):379-84. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeg190. PMID: 12925478. 2. Folkerts G, van Heuven-Nolsen D, Nijkamp FP. Bradykinin causes inhibition of methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in vivo in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2001 Jul;364(1):53-8. doi: 10.1007/s002100100430. PMID: 11485039.
1: Sagara H, Tanaka A, Ohta S, Jinno E, Uchida N, Sambe T, Hida N, Suehiro Y, Doi S, Kameda M, Yoshida Y, Fukuoka J, Kinoshita Y. The Safety and efficacy of airway-hyperresponsiveness test for asthma using by SK-1211 (Methacholine Chloride). Arerugi. 2016;65(1):32-40. doi: 10.15036/arerugi.65.32. PubMed PMID: 26923652. 2: Watson BL, Cormier RA, Harbeck RJ. Effect of pH on the stability of methacholine chloride in solution. Respir Med. 1998 Mar;92(3):588-92. PubMed PMID: 9692128. 3: Hayes RD, Beach JR, Rutherford DM, Sim MR. Stability of methacholine chloride solutions under different storage conditions over a 9 month period. Eur Respir J. 1998 Apr;11(4):946-8. PubMed PMID: 9623702. 4: Pratter MR, Woodman TF, Irwin RS, Johnson B. Stability of stored methacholine chloride solutions: clinically useful information. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1982 Oct;126(4):717-9. PubMed PMID: 6751179. 5: Lee TK, Man SF, Connolly TP, Noujaim AA. Simultaneous comparison of canine tracheal transport of anion exchange resin particles to albumin macroaggregates and sulfur colloid. Effects of subcutaneous methacholine chloride and intravenous hypertonic saline. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1980 Mar;121(3):487-94. PubMed PMID: 7416581. 6: CLARK LL, KIERLAND RR, ROTH GM. Methacholine chloride. Vascular effects of parenteral doses in atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol. 1960 Dec;82:957-64. PubMed PMID: 13693852. 7: Davis BE, Cockcroft DW. Effect of a single dose of montelukast sodium on methacholine chloride PC20. Can Respir J. 2005 Jan-Feb;12(1):26-8. PubMed PMID: 15776131. 8: Mitchell JP, Nagel MW, Bates SL, Doyle CC. An in vitro study to investigate the use of a breath-actuated, small-volume, pneumatic nebulizer for the delivery of methacholine chloride bronchoprovocation agent. Respir Care. 2003 Jan;48(1):46-51. PubMed PMID: 12556261. 9: Henn S, Monfort P, Vigneron JH, Hoffman MA, Hoffman M. Stability of methacholine chloride in isotonic sodium chloride using a capillary electrophoresis assay. J Clin Pharm Ther. 1999 Oct;24(5):365-8. PubMed PMID: 10583699. 10: Alberts WM, Ferguson PR, Ramsdell JW. Preparation and handling of methacholine chloride testing solutions. Effect of the hygroscopic properties of methacholine. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1983 Mar;127(3):350-1. PubMed PMID: 6338784. 11: MacDonald NC, Whitmore CK, Makoid MC, Cobby J. Stability of methacholine chloride in bronchial provocation test solutions. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1981 Jun;38(6):868-71. PubMed PMID: 7246561. 12: King M, Viires N. Effect of methacholine chloride on rheology and transport of canine tracheal mucus. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1979 Jul;47(1):26-31. PubMed PMID: 468669. 13: Ozaki T, Igarashi K, Sasaki D, Sasaki S, Hukuhara M. [Effect of methacholine chloride on the microvibration of the body surface]. Nihon Seirigaku Zasshi. 1972 Oct;34(10):699-700. Japanese. PubMed PMID: 4675698. 14: Fritz ME. Secretory potentials in the cat parotid gland in response to methacholine chloride. J Dent Res. 1972 Mar-Apr;51(2):678. PubMed PMID: 4501318. 15: Miura K. [A pathophysiological study on psychiatric patients by mecholyl (methacholine chloride) test]. Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi. 1967 Mar;69(3):221-37. Japanese. PubMed PMID: 5624776. 16: Nakagawa Y. [Autonomic responses to mecholyl (methacholine chloride) in endogenous depression]. Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi. 1966 Mar;68(3):380-9. Japanese. PubMed PMID: 6007443.