Synonym
Labetalol, Normodyne, Trandate, Albetol, Apo-Labetalol, Dilevalol
IUPAC/Chemical Name
2-hydroxy-5-[1-hydroxy-2-(4-phenylbutan-2-ylamino)ethyl]benzamide hydrochloride
InChi Key
WQVZLXWQESQGIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C19H24N2O3.ClH/c1-13(7-8-14-5-3-2-4-6-14)21-12-18(23)15-9-10-17(22)16(11-15)19(20)24;/h2-6,9-11,13,18,21-23H,7-8,12H2,1H3,(H2,20,24);1H
SMILES Code
O=C(N)C1=CC(C(O)CNC(CCC2=CC=CC=C2)C)=CC=C1O.[H]Cl
Appearance
White to off-white crystalline powder.
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Related CAS#
32780-64-6 (Labetalol hydrochloride)
36894-69-6 (Labetalol free base)
Biological target:
Labetalol hydrochloride is a mixed alpha/beta adrenergic antagonist that is used to treat high blood pressure.
In vitro activity:
On the other hand, results obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that labetalol alters the normal biconcave form of erythrocytes to stomatocytes and knizocytes (cells with one or more cavities, respectively).
Reference: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018 Sep 3;503(1):209-214. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29879427/
In vivo activity:
Chronic labetalol treatment (10 mg kg-1, s.c., twice daily) during the first 10 days of life in rat brain significantly increased alpha 1-adrenoceptor binding in the hypothalamus (+39%), but not in the occipital cortex.
Reference: Br J Pharmacol. 1992 Jan;105(1):37-44. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1596689/
|
Solvent |
mg/mL |
mM |
| Solubility |
| DMF |
30.0 |
82.22 |
| DMSO |
62.3 |
170.84 |
| Ethanol |
3.7 |
10.00 |
| Water |
14.0 |
38.37 |
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.
Preparing Stock Solutions
The following data is based on the
product
molecular weight
364.87
Batch specific molecular weights may vary
from batch to batch
due to the degree of hydration, which will
affect the solvent
volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass |
1 mg |
5 mg |
10 mg |
| 1 mM |
1.15 mL |
5.76 mL |
11.51 mL |
| 5 mM |
0.23 mL |
1.15 mL |
2.3 mL |
| 10 mM |
0.12 mL |
0.58 mL |
1.15 mL |
| 50 mM |
0.02 mL |
0.12 mL |
0.23 mL |
Formulation protocol:
1. Zambrano P, Suwalsky M, Jemiola-Rzeminska M, Strzalka K. α1-and β-adrenergic antagonist labetalol induces morphological changes in human erythrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018 Sep 3;503(1):209-214. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.004. Epub 2018 Jun 6. PMID: 29879427.
2. Kouoh F, Gressier B, Dine T, Luyckx M, Brunet C, Ballester L, Cazin JC. In vitro and ex vivo antioxidant activities of labetalol on rabbit neutrophil respiratory burst. Adv Ther. 2004 May-Jun;21(3):178-85. doi: 10.1007/BF02850123. PMID: 15509134.
3. Xiao C, Zhou C, Atlas G, Delphin E, Ye JH. Labetalol facilitates GABAergic transmission to rat periaqueductal gray neurons via antagonizing beta1-adrenergic receptors--a possible mechanism underlying labetalol-induced analgesia. Brain Res. 2008 Mar 10;1198:34-43. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.01.023. Epub 2008 Jan 18. PMID: 18262504; PMCID: PMC2276360.
4. Erdtsieck-Ernste EB, Feenstra MG, Botterblom MH, De Barrios J, Boer GJ. Changes in adrenoceptors and monoamine metabolism in neonatal and adult rat brain after postnatal exposure to the antihypertensive labetalol. Br J Pharmacol. 1992 Jan;105(1):37-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb14207.x. PMID: 1596689; PMCID: PMC1908619.
In vitro protocol:
1. Zambrano P, Suwalsky M, Jemiola-Rzeminska M, Strzalka K. α1-and β-adrenergic antagonist labetalol induces morphological changes in human erythrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018 Sep 3;503(1):209-214. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.004. Epub 2018 Jun 6. PMID: 29879427.
2. Kouoh F, Gressier B, Dine T, Luyckx M, Brunet C, Ballester L, Cazin JC. In vitro and ex vivo antioxidant activities of labetalol on rabbit neutrophil respiratory burst. Adv Ther. 2004 May-Jun;21(3):178-85. doi: 10.1007/BF02850123. PMID: 15509134.
In vivo protocol:
1. Xiao C, Zhou C, Atlas G, Delphin E, Ye JH. Labetalol facilitates GABAergic transmission to rat periaqueductal gray neurons via antagonizing beta1-adrenergic receptors--a possible mechanism underlying labetalol-induced analgesia. Brain Res. 2008 Mar 10;1198:34-43. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.01.023. Epub 2008 Jan 18. PMID: 18262504; PMCID: PMC2276360.
2. Erdtsieck-Ernste EB, Feenstra MG, Botterblom MH, De Barrios J, Boer GJ. Changes in adrenoceptors and monoamine metabolism in neonatal and adult rat brain after postnatal exposure to the antihypertensive labetalol. Br J Pharmacol. 1992 Jan;105(1):37-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb14207.x. PMID: 1596689; PMCID: PMC1908619.
1: Shekhar S, Gupta N, Kirubakaran R, Pareek P. Oral nifedipine versus intravenous labetalol for severe hypertension during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG. 2016 Jan;123(1):40-7. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.13463. Epub 2015 Jun 26. Review. PubMed PMID: 26113232.
2: Magee LA, Namouz-Haddad S, Cao V, Koren G, von Dadelszen P. Labetalol for hypertension in pregnancy. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2015 Mar;14(3):453-61. doi: 10.1517/14740338.2015.998197. Review. PubMed PMID: 25692529.
3: Peacock WF 4th, Hilleman DE, Levy PD, Rhoney DH, Varon J. A systematic review of nicardipine vs labetalol for the management of hypertensive crises. Am J Emerg Med. 2012 Jul;30(6):981-93. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2011.06.040. Epub 2011 Sep 9. Review. PubMed PMID: 21908132.
4: Stumpf JL. Fatal hepatotoxicity induced by hydralazine or labetalol. Pharmacotherapy. 1991;11(5):415-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 1745625.
5: Walker HJ, Geniton DJ. Vasodilator therapy and the anesthetist: a review of nitroprusside, labetalol, hydralazine and nitroglycerin. AANA J. 1989 Oct;57(5):435-44. Review. PubMed PMID: 2690553.
6: Goa KL, Benfield P, Sorkin EM. Labetalol. A reappraisal of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic use in hypertension and ischaemic heart disease. Drugs. 1989 May;37(5):583-627. Review. PubMed PMID: 2663413.
7: Fox K, Quyyumi AA. Labetalol in normotensive patients with angina pectoris. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1988 Sep;2(3):363-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 3154918.
8: Frishman WH. Properties of labetalol, a combined alpha- and beta-blocking agent, relevant to the treatment of myocardial ischemia. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1988 Sep;2(3):343-53. Review. PubMed PMID: 2908732.
9: Lund-Johansen P. Pharmacology of combined alpha-beta-blockade. II. Haemodynamic effects of labetalol. Drugs. 1984;28 Suppl 2:35-50. Review. PubMed PMID: 6151890.
10: Wallin JD, O'Neill WM Jr. Labetalol. Current research and therapeutic status. Arch Intern Med. 1983 Mar;143(3):485-90. Review. PubMed PMID: 6338850.
11: Prichard BN, Richards DA. Comparison of labetalol with other anti-hypertensive drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1982 Jun;13(1 Suppl):41S-47S. Review. PubMed PMID: 6124265; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1401845.
12: Reid JL, Meredith PA, Elliott HL. Labetalol and the management of hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1981;3 Suppl 1:S60-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 6169961.
13: Prichard BN, Richards DA. The pharmacological basis for the use of labetalol in the treatment of hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1981;3 Suppl 1:S24-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 6169957.
14: Richards DA, Prichard BN. Clinical pharmacology of labetalol. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1979;8(Suppl 2):89S-93S. Review. PubMed PMID: 43165; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1429754.
15: Brogden RN, Heel RC, Speight TM, Avery GS. Labetalol: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic use in hypertension. Drugs. 1978 Apr;15(4):251-70. Review. PubMed PMID: 25757.
16: Blakeley AG, Summers RJ. The pharmacology of labetalol, an alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent. Gen Pharmacol. 1978;9(6):399-402. Review. PubMed PMID: 32121.
17: Brittain RT, Levy GP. A review of the animal pharmacology of labetalol, a combined alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor-blocking drug. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1976 Aug;3(4 Suppl 3):681-4. Review. PubMed PMID: 10948.
18: Harrington C. Managing hypertension in patients with stroke. Are you prepared for labetalol infusion? Crit Care Nurse. 2003 Jun;23(3):30-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 12830778.
19: Pearce CJ, Wallin JD. Labetalol and other agents that block both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors. Cleve Clin J Med. 1994 Jan-Feb;61(1):59-69; quiz 80-2. Review. PubMed PMID: 8124849.
20: Donnelly R, Macphee GJ. Clinical pharmacokinetics and kinetic-dynamic relationships of dilevalol and labetalol. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1991 Aug;21(2):95-109. Review. PubMed PMID: 1884570.
1: Chan SW, Hu M, Ko SS, Tam CW, Fok BS, Yin OQ, Chow MS, Tomlinson B. CYP2C19 genotype has a major influence on labetalol pharmacokinetics in healthy male Chinese subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2013 Apr;69(4):799-806. doi: 10.1007/s00228-012-1428-x. Epub 2012 Oct 23. PubMed PMID: 23090703.
