Synonym
HA-44; HA44; HA 44; BRN 0123183; BRN-0123183; BRN0123183; Abametapir; Xeglyze; 6,6'-Bi-3-picoline
IUPAC/Chemical Name
5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridinyl
InChi Key
PTRATZCAGVBFIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C12H12N2/c1-9-3-5-11(13-7-9)12-6-4-10(2)8-14-12/h3-8H,1-2H3
SMILES Code
CC1=CN=C(C2=NC=C(C)C=C2)C=C1
Appearance
White to off-white solidw powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Biological target:
Abametapir is a metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor.
In vitro activity:
Treatment of head louse eggs with abametapir (0.74% in isopropanol) resulted in complete inhibition of hatching (100% ovicidal) in all stages of egg development from Day 0 to Day 8 (Table 1). At 0.55% abametapir, approximately 5.4% of the 6–8-d-old eggs hatched, in contrast to none of the 0–2- and 3–5-d-old eggs. As the concentration of abametapir declined, egg hatch increased in a concentration-dependent manner. A statistically significant concentration-dependent response was observed for all egg stages, with younger eggs (0–2 d) proving to be the most susceptible (LC50 = 0.108 (0.079–0.13) % abametapir concentration), followed by the 3–5-d-old eggs (LC50 = 0.121 (0.093-0.146) % abametapir concentration), whereas the oldest aged eggs (6–8 d) were most refractory to the treatment (LC50 = 0.160 (0.147–0.174) % abametapir concentration; Fig 1).
Reference: J Med Entomol. 2017 Jan; 54(1): 167–172. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5853637/
|
Solvent |
mg/mL |
mM |
| Solubility |
| DMSO |
23.5 |
127.55 |
| DMF |
15.0 |
81.41 |
| Ethanol |
15.0 |
81.41 |
| Ethanol:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:4) |
0.2 |
1.09 |
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.
Preparing Stock Solutions
The following data is based on the
product
molecular weight
184.24
Batch specific molecular weights may vary
from batch to batch
due to the degree of hydration, which will
affect the solvent
volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass |
1 mg |
5 mg |
10 mg |
| 1 mM |
1.15 mL |
5.76 mL |
11.51 mL |
| 5 mM |
0.23 mL |
1.15 mL |
2.3 mL |
| 10 mM |
0.12 mL |
0.58 mL |
1.15 mL |
| 50 mM |
0.02 mL |
0.12 mL |
0.23 mL |
Formulation protocol:
1. Bowles VM, Yoon KS, Barker SC, Tran C, Rhodes C, Clark MJ. Ovicidal Efficacy of Abametapir Against Eggs of Human Head and Body Lice (Anoplura: Pediculidae). J Med Entomol. 2017 Jan;54(1):167-172. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjw132. Epub 2016 Aug 21. Erratum in: J Med Entomol. 2017 Jan 1;54(1):248. PMID: 28082644; PMCID: PMC5853637.
In vivo protocol:
1. Bowles VM, Yoon KS, Barker SC, Tran C, Rhodes C, Clark MJ. Ovicidal Efficacy of Abametapir Against Eggs of Human Head and Body Lice (Anoplura: Pediculidae). J Med Entomol. 2017 Jan;54(1):167-172. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjw132. Epub 2016 Aug 21. Erratum in: J Med Entomol. 2017 Jan 1;54(1):248. PMID: 28082644; PMCID: PMC5853637.
1: Woods AD, Porter CL, Feldman SR. Abametapir for the Treatment of Head Lice: A Drug Review. Ann Pharmacother. 2022 Mar;56(3):352-357. doi: 10.1177/10600280211027968. Epub 2021 Jun 22. PMID: 34157881.
2: Sunder M. Abametapir 0.74% (Xeglyze) for the Treatment of Head Lice. Am Fam Physician. 2022 Jul;106(1):91-92. PMID: 35839355.
3: Ogbuefi N, Kenner-Bell B. Common pediatric infestations: update on diagnosis and treatment of scabies, head lice, and bed bugs. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2021 Aug 1;33(4):410-415. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001031. PMID: 34074914.
4: Bowles VM, VanLuvanee LJ, Alsop H, Hazan L, Shepherd K, Sidgiddi S, Allenby K, Ahveninen T, Hanegraaf S. Clinical studies evaluating abametapir lotion, 0.74%, for the treatment of head louse infestation. Pediatr Dermatol. 2018 Sep;35(5):616-621. doi: 10.1111/pde.13612. Epub 2018 Jul 12. PMID: 29999197; PMCID: PMC6175393.
5: Bowles VM, Yoon KS, Barker SC, Tran C, Rhodes C, Clark MJ. Ovicidal Efficacy of Abametapir Against Eggs of Human Head and Body Lice (Anoplura: Pediculidae). J Med Entomol. 2017 Jan;54(1):167-172. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjw132. Epub 2016 Aug 21. Erratum in: J Med Entomol. 2017 Jan 1;54(1):248. PMID: 28082644; PMCID: PMC5853637.
6: Bowles VM, Hanegraaf S, Ahveninen T, Sidgiddi S, Allenby K, Alsop H. Effect of a New Head Lice Treatment, Abametapir Lotion, 0.74%, on Louse Eggs: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study. Glob Pediatr Health. 2019 Feb 22;6:2333794X19831295. doi: 10.1177/2333794X19831295. PMID: 30828591; PMCID: PMC6388454.
7: Taylor S, Walther D, Fernando DD, Swe-Kay P, Fischer K. Investigating the Antibacterial Properties of Prospective Scabicides. Biomedicines. 2022 Dec 19;10(12):3287. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10123287. PMID: 36552044; PMCID: PMC9776028.
8: Clark JM. New chemistries for the control of human head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis: A mini-review. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2022 Feb;181:105013. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.105013. Epub 2021 Dec 16. PMID: 35082036; PMCID: PMC8795694.
