MedKoo Cat#: 317601 | Name: Diazoxide
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Diazoxide (Proglycem) is a potassium channel activator, which causes local relaxation in smooth muscle by increasing membrane permeability to potassium ions. This switches off voltage-gated calcium ion channels, preventing calcium flux across the sarcolemma and activation of the contractile apparatus. This agent also inhibits insulin release by interacting with ATP-sensitive potassium channels of pancreatic islet beta-cells.

Chemical Structure

Diazoxide
CAS#364-98-7 (free)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 317601

Name: Diazoxide

CAS#: 364-98-7 (free)

Chemical Formula: C8H7ClN2O2S

Exact Mass: 229.9917

Molecular Weight: 230.67

Elemental Analysis: C, 41.65; H, 3.06; Cl, 15.37; N, 12.14; O, 13.87; S, 13.90

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
250mg USD 250.00 2 Weeks
1g USD 450.00 2 Weeks
2g USD 750.00 2 Weeks
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Related CAS #
364-98-7 (free) 1098065-76-9 (Choline)
Synonym
Eudemine; Hyperstat; Proglycem; Hypertonalum; Proglicem;
IUPAC/Chemical Name
7-chloro-3-methyl-4H-1$l^{6},2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide
InChi Key
GDLBFKVLRPITMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C8H7ClN2O2S/c1-5-10-7-3-2-6(9)4-8(7)14(12,13)11-5/h2-4H,1H3,(H,10,11)
SMILES Code
CC1=NS(=O)(=O)C2=C(N1)C=CC(=C2)Cl
Appearance
Solid powder.
Purity
>95% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Biological target:
Diazoxide (Sch-6783) is an ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator, has the potential for hyperinsulinism treatment.
In vitro activity:
DZ (diazoxide) preconditioning of EPCs resulted in significantly reduced cell injury as shown by reduced lactate dehydrogenase release and expression of annexin V-PE in comparison to untreated EPCs. Furthermore, DZ preconditioned EPCs exhibited upregulated expression of prosurvival genes (VEGF, SDF-1α, PCNA, and Bcl2 ), improved chemokines release (VEGF, IGF, and SDF-1α), viability, Akt phosphorylation and tube formation. Reference: Cell Biol Int. 2015 Nov;39(11):1251-63. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26032287/
In vivo activity:
Twelve pigs were randomized to global ischemia for 2 hours with a single dose of cold blood (4:1) hyperkalemic cardioplegia alone (n = 6) or with diazoxide (100 μmol/L) (n = 6) and reperfused for 1 hour. Diazoxide preserves systolic and diastolic ventricular function in a large animal model of prolonged global myocardial ischemia. Diazoxide as an adjunct to hyperkalemic cardioplegia may allow safer prolonged ischemic times during increasingly complicated cardiac procedures. Reference: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2020 Aug 26:S0022-5223(20)32457-0. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32977969/
Solvent mg/mL mM comments
Solubility
DMSO 33.5 145.32
DMF 30.0 130.06
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 230.67 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Mehmood A, Ali M, Khan SN, Riazuddin S. Diazoxide preconditioning of endothelial progenitor cells improves their ability to repair the infarcted myocardium. Cell Biol Int. 2015 Nov;39(11):1251-63. doi: 10.1002/cbin.10498. Epub 2015 Jul 7. PMID: 26032287. 2. Su C, Xia T, Ren S, Qing S, Jing D, Lian H, Bin Q, Yuan Z, Xiang Z. Effect of Diazoxide Preconditioning on Cultured Rat Myocardium Microvascular Endothelial Cells against Apoptosis and Relation of PI3K/Akt Pathway. Balkan Med J. 2014 Mar;31(1):83-7. doi: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2013.8458. Epub 2014 Mar 1. PMID: 25207174; PMCID: PMC4115999. 3. Suarez-Pierre A, Lui C, Zhou X, Kearney S, Jones M, Wang J, Thomas RP, Gaughan N, Metkus TS, Brady MB, Cho BC, Dodd-O JM, Lawton JS. Diazoxide preserves myocardial function in a swine model of hypothermic cardioplegic arrest and prolonged global ischemia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2020 Aug 26:S0022-5223(20)32457-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.08.069. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32977969. 4. Zhang L, Cai S, Cao S, Nie J, Zhou W, Zhang Y, Li K, Wang H, Yu S, Yu T. Diazoxide Protects against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Moderating ERS via Regulation of the miR-10a/IRE1 Pathway. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020 Sep 8;2020:4957238. doi: 10.1155/2020/4957238. PMID: 32963696; PMCID: PMC7495230.
In vitro protocol:
1. Mehmood A, Ali M, Khan SN, Riazuddin S. Diazoxide preconditioning of endothelial progenitor cells improves their ability to repair the infarcted myocardium. Cell Biol Int. 2015 Nov;39(11):1251-63. doi: 10.1002/cbin.10498. Epub 2015 Jul 7. PMID: 26032287. 2. Su C, Xia T, Ren S, Qing S, Jing D, Lian H, Bin Q, Yuan Z, Xiang Z. Effect of Diazoxide Preconditioning on Cultured Rat Myocardium Microvascular Endothelial Cells against Apoptosis and Relation of PI3K/Akt Pathway. Balkan Med J. 2014 Mar;31(1):83-7. doi: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2013.8458. Epub 2014 Mar 1. PMID: 25207174; PMCID: PMC4115999.
In vivo protocol:
1. Suarez-Pierre A, Lui C, Zhou X, Kearney S, Jones M, Wang J, Thomas RP, Gaughan N, Metkus TS, Brady MB, Cho BC, Dodd-O JM, Lawton JS. Diazoxide preserves myocardial function in a swine model of hypothermic cardioplegic arrest and prolonged global ischemia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2020 Aug 26:S0022-5223(20)32457-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.08.069. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32977969. 2. Zhang L, Cai S, Cao S, Nie J, Zhou W, Zhang Y, Li K, Wang H, Yu S, Yu T. Diazoxide Protects against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Moderating ERS via Regulation of the miR-10a/IRE1 Pathway. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020 Sep 8;2020:4957238. doi: 10.1155/2020/4957238. PMID: 32963696; PMCID: PMC7495230.
1: Komatsu Y, Nakamura A, Takihata M, Inoue Y, Yahagi S, Tajima K, Tsuchiya H, Takano T, Yamakawa T, Yoshida M, Miyoshi H, Terauchi Y. Safety and tolerability of diazoxide in Japanese patients with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. Endocr J. 2015 Nov 20. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26598136. 2: Chen W, Liu Y, Xue G, Zhang L, Zhang L, Shao S. Diazoxide protects L6 skeletal myoblasts from H2O2-induced apoptosis via the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt pathway. Inflamm Res. 2016 Jan;65(1):53-60. doi: 10.1007/s00011-015-0890-1. Epub 2015 Nov 2. PubMed PMID: 26525360. 3: Zhu J, Fu Q, Xia C, Ma G. Effects of diazoxide on Aβ1-42-induced expression of the NR2B subunit in cultured cholinergic neurons. Mol Med Rep. 2015 Dec;12(6):8301-5. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4457. Epub 2015 Oct 21. PubMed PMID: 26496862. 4: Villoslada P, Rovira A, Montalban X, Arroyo R, Paul F, Meca-Lallana V, Ramo C, Fernandez O, Saiz A, Garcia-Merino A, Ramió-Torrentà L, Casanova B, Oreja-Guevara C, Muñoz D, Martinez-Rodriguez JE, Lensch E, Prieto JM, Meuth SG, Nuñez X, Campás C, Pugliese M; NeuroAdvan study. Effects of diazoxide in multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blind phase 2 clinical trial. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2015 Sep 10;2(5):e147. doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000147. eCollection 2015 Oct. PubMed PMID: 26405686; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4567455. 5: Newfield RS. Topical sulfonylurea as a novel therapy for hypertrichosis secondary to diazoxide, and potentially for other conditions with excess hair growth. Med Hypotheses. 2015 Dec;85(6):969-71. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.08.025. Epub 2015 Sep 5. PubMed PMID: 26392140. 6: Shah P, Rahman SA, McElroy S, Gilbert C, Morgan K, Hinchey L, Senniappan S, Levy H, Amin R, Hussain K. Use of Long-Acting Somatostatin Analogue (Lanreotide) in an Adolescent with Diazoxide-Responsive Congenital Hyperinsulinism and Its Psychological Impact. Horm Res Paediatr. 2015;84(5):355-60. doi: 10.1159/000439131. Epub 2015 Sep 17. PubMed PMID: 26375451. 7: Ali M, Mehmood A, Anjum MS, Tarrar MN, Khan SN, Riazuddin S. Diazoxide preconditioning of endothelial progenitor cells from streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats improves their ability to repair diabetic cardiomyopathy. Mol Cell Biochem. 2015 Dec;410(1-2):267-79. doi: 10.1007/s11010-015-2560-6. Epub 2015 Sep 10. PubMed PMID: 26359087. 8: Nelson BW, Van Wagoner DR. How Does Diazoxide Elicit Arrhythmias in Rats With Type 2 Diabetes?: Is This Effect Clinically Significant? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015 Sep 8;66(10):1157-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.028. PubMed PMID: 26337995. 9: Xie C, Hu J, Motloch LJ, Karam BS, Akar FG. The Classically Cardioprotective Agent Diazoxide Elicits Arrhythmias in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015 Sep 8;66(10):1144-56. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.06.1329. PubMed PMID: 26337994; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4560843. 10: Henn MC, Janjua MB, Kanter EM, Makepeace CM, Schuessler RB, Nichols CG, Lawton JS. Adenosine Triphosphate-Sensitive Potassium Channel Kir Subunits Implicated in Cardioprotection by Diazoxide. J Am Heart Assoc. 2015 Aug 24;4(8):e002016. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002016. PubMed PMID: 26304939; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4599460.