Atomoxetine HCl | CAS#82248-59-7 | Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor

MedKoo Cat#: 317256 | Name: Atomoxetine HCl

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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Atomoxetine is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor approved for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The brand name is Strattera. The initial therapeutic effects of atomoxetine usually take 2–4 weeks to become apparent. There has been some suggestion that atomoxetine might be a helpful adjunct in people with major depression, especially in cases where ADHD occurs comorbidly to major depression.

Chemical Structure

Atomoxetine HCl

CAS#82248-59-7 (HCl)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 317256

Name: Atomoxetine HCl

CAS#: 82248-59-7 (HCl)

Chemical Formula: C17H22ClNO

Exact Mass: 255.1623

Molecular Weight: 291.82

Elemental Analysis: C, 69.97; H, 7.60; Cl, 12.15; N, 4.80; O, 5.48

Price and Availability

Size	Price	Availability
1g	USD 250.00	2 Weeks
2g	USD 400.00	2 Weeks
5g	USD 750.00	2 Weeks
10g	USD 1,250.00	2 Weeks

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Related CAS #

83015-26-3 (free base) 82248-59-7 (HCl)

Synonym

Atomoxetine; Tomoxetine; Tomoxetina; Tomoxetinum; (-)-Tomoxetine; Strattera; Atomoxetine HCl; Atomoxetine Hydrochloride;

IUPAC/Chemical Name

(3R)-N-methyl-3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-amine hydrochloride

InChi Key

LUCXVPAZUDVVBT-UNTBIKODSA-N

InChi Code

InChI=1S/C17H21NO.ClH/c1-14-8-6-7-11-16(14)19-17(12-13-18-2)15-9-4-3-5-10-15;/h3-11,17-18H,12-13H2,1-2H3;1H/t17-;/m1./s1

SMILES Code

CC1=CC=CC=C1O[C@@H](C2=CC=CC=C2)CCNC.[H]Cl

Appearance

Solid powder

Purity

>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition

Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition

Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility

Soluble in DMSO, not in water

Shelf Life

>2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation

This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage

0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code

2934.99.9001

More Info

Product Data

Product Data

Instruction

View handling instruction

Biological target:

Atomoxetine hydrochloride is a potent and selective noradrenalin re-uptake inhibitor (Ki values are 5, 77 and 1451 nM for inhibition of radioligand binding to human NET, SERT and DAT respectively).

In vitro activity:

Concentration-dependence of atomoxetine-induced hERG block was analysed in a HEK cell line stably expressing hERG channels using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. From a holding potential of −80 mV, a constant test pulse to +20 mV (400 ms) was applied, followed by a return pulse to −120 mV (400 ms) to elicit large inward tail currents (Figure 3, inset). Atomoxetine, over a range of concentrations (0.1–100 µmol·L−1), reduced peak tail currents (n = 5–7, Figure 3). The dose–response curve was fitted using the Hill equation and yielded an IC50 of 6.26 ± 0.92 µmol·L−1 (nH = 0.6 ± 0.06). Reference: Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Jan; 156(2): 226–236. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2697834/

In vivo activity:

The Bonferroni post hoc test revealed that there was a significant increase in the mean number of proliferating cells in the ATX (Atomoxetine)‐treated rat group compared with saline‐, DOX‐ and ATX + DOX‐treated groups (p < .001), as shown in Figure 4. Moreover, co‐administration of ATX and DOX significantly increased the mean number of Ki67 positive cells compared with the DOX‐treated group (p < .05). The saline‐treated group showed a significant increase in the mean number of Ki67 positive cells compared with the DOX‐treated one (p < .001), as shown in Figure 4. Figure 5 shows a representative image of Ki67 positive proliferating cells within the DG counter‐stained with haematoxylin stain. Reference: Vet Med Sci. 2020 Nov; 6(4): 1017–1024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7738722/

	Solvent	mg/mL	mM
Solubility
	DMSO	62.7	214.76
	DMF	30.0	102.80
	Ethanol	33.5	114.80
	PBS (pH 7.2)	2.0	6.85
	Water	8.3	28.44

Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 291.82 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	1.15 mL	5.76 mL	11.51 mL
5 mM	0.23 mL	1.15 mL	2.3 mL
10 mM	0.12 mL	0.58 mL	1.15 mL
50 mM	0.02 mL	0.12 mL	0.23 mL

Formulation protocol:

1. Ludolph AG, Udvardi PT, Schaz U, Henes C, Adolph O, Weigt HU, Fegert JM, Boeckers TM, Föhr KJ. Atomoxetine acts as an NMDA receptor blocker in clinically relevant concentrations. Br J Pharmacol. 2010 May;160(2):283-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00707.x. PMID: 20423340; PMCID: PMC2874851. 2. Scherer D, Hassel D, Bloehs R, Zitron E, von Löwenstern K, Seyler C, Thomas D, Konrad F, Bürgers HF, Seemann G, Rottbauer W, Katus HA, Karle CA, Scholz EP. Selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine directly blocks hERG currents. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Jan;156(2):226-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2008.00018.x. Epub 2009 Jan 16. PMID: 19154426; PMCID: PMC2697834. 3. Alamri FF, Al Shoyaib A, Syeara N, Paul A, Jayaraman S, Karamyan ST, Arumugam TV, Karamyan VT. Delayed atomoxetine or fluoxetine treatment coupled with limited voluntary running promotes motor recovery in mice after ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res. 2021 Jul;16(7):1244-1251. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.301031. PMID: 33318401. 4. Salman A, El Beltagy M, Shatarat A, Alzghoul L, Oweis L, Al Antary N, Al Fegie S, Mohsen M, Salman S. Atomoxetine improves hippocampal cell proliferation but not memory in Doxorubicin-treated adult male rats. Vet Med Sci. 2020 Nov;6(4):1017-1024. doi: 10.1002/vms3.276. Epub 2020 Apr 27. PMID: 32342640; PMCID: PMC7738722.

In vitro protocol:

In vivo protocol:

1. Alamri FF, Al Shoyaib A, Syeara N, Paul A, Jayaraman S, Karamyan ST, Arumugam TV, Karamyan VT. Delayed atomoxetine or fluoxetine treatment coupled with limited voluntary running promotes motor recovery in mice after ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res. 2021 Jul;16(7):1244-1251. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.301031. PMID: 33318401. 2. Salman A, El Beltagy M, Shatarat A, Alzghoul L, Oweis L, Al Antary N, Al Fegie S, Mohsen M, Salman S. Atomoxetine improves hippocampal cell proliferation but not memory in Doxorubicin-treated adult male rats. Vet Med Sci. 2020 Nov;6(4):1017-1024. doi: 10.1002/vms3.276. Epub 2020 Apr 27. PMID: 32342640; PMCID: PMC7738722.

1: Handen BL, Aman MG, Arnold LE, Hyman SL, Tumuluru RV, Lecavalier L, Corbett-Dick P, Pan X, Hollway JA, Buchan-Page KA, Silverman LB, Brown NV, Rice RR Jr, Hellings J, Mruzek DW, McAuliffe-Bellin S, Hurt EA, Ryan MM, Levato L, Smith T. Atomoxetine, Parent Training, and Their Combination in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2015 Nov;54(11):905-915. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.08.013. Epub 2015 Sep 3. PubMed PMID: 26506581. 2: Clemow DB, Mason OW, Sarkis EH, Ruff DD, Berman BD, Donnelly CL, Robb AS, Holland DS, Schuh KJ, Barnes JM, Araujo AB. Atomoxetine monotherapy compared with combination therapy for the treatment of ADHD: a retrospective chart review study. Expert Rev Neurother. 2015 Oct 21:1-14. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26488905. 3: Fang Y, Ji N, Cao Q, Su Y, Chen M, Wang Y, Yang L. Variants of Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase Gene Moderate Atomoxetine Response in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2015 Oct;25(8):625-32. doi: 10.1089/cap.2014.0178. Epub 2015 Oct 8. PubMed PMID: 26447643. 4: Chou TL, Chia S, Shang CY, Gau SS. Differential therapeutic effects of 12-week treatment of atomoxetine and methylphenidate on drug-naïve children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A counting Stroop functional MRI study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015 Sep 8. pii: S0924-977X(15)00280-1. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.08.024. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26409297. 5: Hale GM, Brenner M. Atomoxetine for Orthostatic Hypotension in an Elderly Patient Over 10 Weeks: A Case Report. Pharmacotherapy. 2015 Sep;35(9):e141-8. doi: 10.1002/phar.1635. PubMed PMID: 26406777. 6: Lin HY, Gau SS. Atomoxetine Treatment Strengthens an Anti-Correlated Relationship between Functional Brain Networks in Medication-Naïve Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015 Sep 16. pii: pyv094. doi: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv094. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26377368. 7: Perugi G, Vannucchi G. The use of stimulants and atomoxetine in adults with comorbid ADHD and bipolar disorder. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2015 Oct;16(14):2193-204. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2015.1079620. PubMed PMID: 26364896. 8: Clemow DB, Bushe CJ. Atomoxetine in patients with ADHD: A clinical and pharmacological review of the onset, trajectory, duration of response and implications for patients. J Psychopharmacol. 2015 Sep 8. pii: 0269881115602489. [Epub ahead of print] Review. PubMed PMID: 26349559. 9: Stegmann B, Dörfelt A, Haen E. Quantification of Methylphenidate, Dexamphetamine and Atomoxetine in Human Serum and Oral Fluid by HPLC with Fluorescence Detection. Ther Drug Monit. 2015 Sep 2. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26349081. 10: Walker DJ, Mason O, Clemow DB, Day KA. Atomoxetine treatment in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Postgrad Med. 2014 Sep;127(7):686-701. doi: 10.1080/00325481.2015.1081046. PubMed PMID: 26343377. 11: Yamada N, Kakuda W, Yamamoto K, Momosaki R, Abo M. Atomoxetine administration combined with intensive speech therapy for post-stroke aphasia: evaluation by a novel SPECT method. Int J Neurosci. 2015 Sep 3:1-10. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26335615. 12: Kabul S, Alatorre C, Montejano LB, Farr AM, Clemow DB. Real-World Dosing Patterns of Atomoxetine in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2015 Aug 30. doi: 10.1111/cns.12442. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26331467. 13: Upadhyaya H, Tanaka Y, Lipsius S, Kryzhanovskaya LA, Lane JR, Escobar R, Trzepacz PT, Allen AJ. Time-to-onset and -resolution of adverse events before/after atomoxetine discontinuation in adult patients with ADHD. Postgrad Med. 2014 Sep;127(7):677-85. doi: 10.1080/00325481.2015.1083394. Epub 2015 Sep 2. PubMed PMID: 26329980. 14: Brown JT, Bishop JR. Atomoxetine pharmacogenetics: associations with pharmacokinetics, treatment response and tolerability. Pharmacogenomics. 2015 Aug;16(13):1513-20. doi: 10.2217/PGS.15.93. Epub 2015 Aug 28. PubMed PMID: 26314574. 15: Cortese S, Panei P, Arcieri R, Germinario EA, Capuano A, Margari L, Chiarotti F, Curatolo P. Safety of Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Data from the Italian National ADHD Registry. CNS Drugs. 2015 Aug 21. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26293742. 16: Yamada N, Kakuda W, Yamamoto K, Momosaki R, Abo M. Atomoxetine administration combined with intensive speech therapy for post-stroke aphasia: Evaluation using a novel SPECT method. Int J Neurosci. 2015 Aug 13:1-28. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26268403. 17: Byeon JY, Kim YH, Na HS, Jang JH, Kim SH, Lee YJ, Bae JW, Kim IS, Jang CG, Chung MW, Lee SY. Effects of the CYP2D6*10 allele on the pharmacokinetics of atomoxetine and its metabolites. Arch Pharm Res. 2015 Aug 9. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26254792. 18: Ozbaran B, Kose S, Yuzuguldu O, Atar B, Aydin C. Combined methylphenidate and atomoxetine pharmacotherapy in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2015 Jul 30:1-6. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26223958. 19: Shang CY, Pan YL, Lin HY, Huang LW, Gau SS. An Open-Label, Randomized Trial of Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine Treatment in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2015 Sep;25(7):566-73. doi: 10.1089/cap.2015.0035. Epub 2015 Jul 29. PubMed PMID: 26222447. 20: Ince Tasdelen B, Karakaya E, Oztop DB. Effects of Atomoxetine and Osmotic Release Oral System-Methylphenidate on Executive Functions in Patients with Combined Type Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2015 Aug;25(6):494-500. doi: 10.1089/cap.2014.0155. Epub 2015 Jul 28. PubMed PMID: 26218871.