Mitoxantrone | CAS#70476-82-3 | CAS#65271-80-9 | DNA intercalator

MedKoo Cat#: 100650 | Name: Mitoxantrone HCl

Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Mitoxantrone is an anthraquinone that intercalates in DNA and inhibits topoisomerase II (IC50 = 5.3 μM), thus inhibiting cell proliferation. It also inhibits HIV-1 integrase (IC50 = 3.8 μM). Mitoxantrone is exported from cells in an ATP- and glutathione-dependent manner by multidrug resistance protein-1.4 Formulations containing mitoxantrone have been used in the treatment of cancer and multiple sclerosis.

Chemical Structure

Mitoxantrone HCl

CAS#70476-82-3 (HCl)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 100650

Name: Mitoxantrone HCl

CAS#: 70476-82-3 (HCl)

Chemical Formula: C22H30Cl2N4O6

Exact Mass: 0.0000

Molecular Weight: 517.40

Elemental Analysis: C, 51.07; H, 5.84; Cl, 13.70; N, 10.83; O, 18.55

Price and Availability

Size	Price	Availability
50mg	USD 90.00	Ready to ship
100mg	USD 150.00	Ready to ship
200mg	USD 250.00	Ready to ship
500mg	USD 450.00	Ready to ship
1g	USD 800.00	Ready to ship
2g	USD 1,450.00	Ready to ship
5g	USD 3,250.00	Ready to ship

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Related CAS #

70476-82-3 (HCl) 65271-80-9 (free base) 70711-41-0 (diacetate)

Synonym

DHAQ; CL-232325; CL 232325; CL232325; Mitozantrone; Mitoxantrone HCl; Mitoxantrone dihydrchloride; US brand name: Novantrone. Foreign brand names: Mitroxone; Neotalem; Onkotrone; Pralifan.

IUPAC/Chemical Name

1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis((2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)ethyl)amino)anthracene-9,10-dione dihydrochloride

InChi Key

ZAHQPTJLOCWVPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChi Code

InChI=1S/C22H28N4O6.2ClH/c27-11-9-23-5-7-25-13-1-2-14(26-8-6-24-10-12-28)18-17(13)21(31)19-15(29)3-4-16(30)20(19)22(18)32;;/h1-4,23-30H,5-12H2;2*1H

SMILES Code

O=C1C2=C(C(NCCNCCO)=CC=C2NCCNCCO)C(C3=C(O)C=CC(O)=C13)=O.[H]Cl.[H]Cl

Appearance

Black solid powder

Purity

>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition

Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition

Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility

Soluble in DMSO, not in water

Shelf Life

>2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation

This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage

0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code

2934.99.9001

More Info

NOVANTRONEÂ® (mitoxantrone hydrochloride) is a synthetic antineoplastic anthracenedione for intravenous use. The molecular formula is C22H28N4O6Â•2HCl and the molecular weight is 517.41. It is supplied as a concentrate that MUST BE DILUTED PRIOR TO INJECTION. The concentrate is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, dark blue aqueous solution containing mitoxantrone hydrochloride equivalent to 2 mg/mL mitoxantrone free base, with sodium chloride (0.80% w/v), sodium acetate (0.005% w/v), and acetic acid (0.046% w/v) as inactive ingredients. The solution has a pH of 3.0 to 4.5 and contains 0.14 mEq of sodium per mL. The product does not contain preservatives. Mitoxantrone, a DNA-reactive agent that intercalates into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) through hydrogen bonding, causes crosslinks and strand breaks. Mitoxantrone also interferes with ribonucleic acid (RNA) and is a potent inhibitor of topoisomerase II, an enzyme responsible for uncoiling and repairing damaged DNA. It has a cytocidal effect on both proliferating and nonproliferating cultured human cells, suggesting lack of cell cycle phase specificity. NOVANTRONEÂ® has been shown in vitro to inhibit B cell, T cell, and macrophage proliferation and impair antigen pre sentation, as well as the secretion of interferon gamma, TNFα, and IL-2. Mitoxantrone, a DNA-reactive agent that intercalates into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) through hydrogen bonding, causes crosslinks and strand breaks. Mitoxantrone also interferes with ribonucleic acid (RNA) and is a potent inhibitor of topoisomerase II, an enzyme responsible for uncoiling and repairing damaged DNA. It has a cytocidal effect on both proliferating and nonproliferating cultured human cells, suggesting lack of cell cycle phase specificity. NOVANTRONEÂ® has been shown in vitro to inhibit B cell, T cell, and macrophage proliferation and impair antigen pre sentation, as well as the secretion of interferon gamma, TNFα, and IL-2. Mitoxantrone is used in the treatment of certain types of cancer, mostly metastatic breast cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The combination of mitoxantrone and prednisone is approved as a second-line treatment for metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. This combination has been the first line of treatment, until recently, when combination of docetaxel and prednisone has been shown to improve survival and disease-free period. Mitoxantrone is also used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS), most notably the subset known as secondary progressive MS. Mitoxantrone will not cure multiple sclerosis, but is effective in slowing the progression of secondary progressive MS and extending the time between relapses in relapsing-remitting MS and progressive relapsing MS. Mitoxantrone is used in the treatment of certain types of cancer, mostly metastatic breast cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The combination of mitoxantrone and prednisone is approved as a second-line treatment for metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. This combination has been the first line of treatment, until recently, when combination of docetaxel and prednisone has been shown to improve survival and disease-free period. Mitoxantrone is also used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS), most notably the subset known as secondary progressive MS. Mitoxantrone will not cure multiple sclerosis, but is effective in slowing the progression of secondary progressive MS and extending the time between relapses in relapsing-remitting MS and progressive relapsing MS.

Product Data

Product Data

Certificate of Analysis

View CoA: current batch, Lot#TZC50820

QC Data

View QC data: current batch, Lot#TZC50820

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

View Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

Instruction

View handling instruction

Biological target:

Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride is a topoisomerase II inhibitor; also inhibits protein kinase C (PKC) activity with an IC50 of 8.5 μM.

In vitro activity:

Given that MD (mitoxantrone dihydrochloride) inhibited viral toxicity and suppressed the expression levels of viral proteins, it was further confirmed whether the transcription levels of viral genes were also affected by MD. To examine the effects of MD on HSV-1 gene expression, total RNA was extracted from the treated cells, and Q-PCR was performed using specific primers as described in the Methods. The transcription levels of the ICP6 and GB genes were reduced by MD (Fig. 4a). This result was consistent with the observation of the protein levels by western blot (Fig.2). HSV-1 genes such as UL5, UL8, UL9, UL42 and UL52 are required for viral DNA replication. It was found that the transcription levels of these genes were also inhibited by MD (Fig.4b). Remarkably, MD also reduced the transcription levels of the immediate early genes ICP0, ICP22, ICP27, and ICP47, all of which are required for the expression of early and late viral gene products (Fig.4c). These results suggest that MD inhibits HSV-1 replication by suppressing the expression of immediate early genes. Having shown that MD suppressed the transcription of immediate early genes, it was sought to characterize whether MD affects the promoter activity of immediate early genes. A pGL4.17-based luciferase construct was generated containing the ICP0 promoter sequence. Using a luciferase reporter assay, it was found that MD had no effect on the promoter activity of ICP0, which suggests that MD interfered with the transcription of viral immediate early genes without affecting the promoter activity of ICP0 (Fig.44d). Reference: BMC Microbiol. 2019; 19: 274. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6898960/

In vivo activity:

To determine whether MXN (mitoxantrone) was effective against CPXV (cowpox virus) in vivo, 0.25 mg/kg or 0.5 mg/kg of drug was administered intraperitoneally to 4– 6 week old female C57Bl/6 mice one day post- intraperitoneal inoculation. Log-rank tests were performed comparing survival times between the two MXN treatment groups relative the mock-treated group. A p-value of 0.025 was considered statistically significant, after a Bonferroni correction for the comparisons of the two MXN dose groups to the mock-treated The lower dose of MXN significantly improved the survival time of infected animals, with the median day-of-death (MDD) in infected animals increasing from day 7 to day 9 (p=0.0015). The 0.5 mg/kg dose of MXN improved the MDD to 12 days (p= 0.0005). Twenty-five percent of the animals treated with 0.5 mg/kg MXN survived compared to 5% of mock-treated animals (Figure 2). Reference: Antiviral Res. 2012 Feb; 93(2): 305–308. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3272698/

	Solvent	mg/mL	mM
Solubility
	DMSO	55.0	106.30
	H2O	64.0	123.70
	DMSO	55.0	106.30
	H2O	64.0	123.70

Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 517.40 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	1.15 mL	5.76 mL	11.51 mL
5 mM	0.23 mL	1.15 mL	2.3 mL
10 mM	0.12 mL	0.58 mL	1.15 mL
50 mM	0.02 mL	0.12 mL	0.23 mL

Formulation protocol:

1. Huang Q, Hou J, Yang P, Yan J, Yu X, Zhuo Y, He S, Xu F. Antiviral activity of mitoxantrone dihydrochloride against human herpes simplex virus mediated by suppression of the viral immediate early genes. BMC Microbiol. 2019 Dec 7;19(1):274. doi: 10.1186/s12866-019-1639-8. PMID: 31812160; PMCID: PMC6898960. 2. Bellosillo B, Colomer D, Pons G, Gil J. Mitoxantrone, a topoisomerase II inhibitor, induces apoptosis of B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells. Br J Haematol. 1998 Jan;100(1):142-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00520.x. PMID: 9450803. 3. Fujimoto S, Ogawa M. Antitumor activity of mitoxantrone against murine experimental tumors: comparative analysis against various antitumor antibiotics. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1982;8(2):157-62. doi: 10.1007/BF00255476. PMID: 7105379. 4. Altmann SE, Smith AL, Dyall J, Johnson RF, Dodd LE, Jahrling PB, Paragas J, Blaney JE. Inhibition of cowpox virus and monkeypox virus infection by mitoxantrone. Antiviral Res. 2012 Feb;93(2):305-308. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.12.001. Epub 2011 Dec 11. PMID: 22182595; PMCID: PMC3272698.

In vitro protocol:

In vivo protocol:

1. Fujimoto S, Ogawa M. Antitumor activity of mitoxantrone against murine experimental tumors: comparative analysis against various antitumor antibiotics. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1982;8(2):157-62. doi: 10.1007/BF00255476. PMID: 7105379. 2. Altmann SE, Smith AL, Dyall J, Johnson RF, Dodd LE, Jahrling PB, Paragas J, Blaney JE. Inhibition of cowpox virus and monkeypox virus infection by mitoxantrone. Antiviral Res. 2012 Feb;93(2):305-308. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.12.001. Epub 2011 Dec 11. PMID: 22182595; PMCID: PMC3272698.

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