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MedKoo Cat#: 465288 | Name: AR-M1896
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

AR-M1896 is a synthetic peptide fragment of the neuropeptide galanin and an agonist of the galanin-2 (GAL2) receptor (EC50 = 9.32 nM in a fluorescence imaging plate reader assay). It selectively binds to the GAL2 receptor (IC50 = 1.76 nM for the rat receptor) over the GAL1 receptor (IC50 = 879 nM for the human receptor) but does also bind to the GAL3 receptor (Ki = 271 nM for the rat receptor). Intracerebroventricular administration of AR-M1896 (1 nmol/animal) decreases immobility in the forced swim test in rats. It also reduces the hind paw mechanical pain threshold and increases the hind paw cold sensitivity threshold in rats.

Chemical Structure

AR-M1896
CAS#AR-M1896 TFA salt

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 465288

Name: AR-M1896

CAS#: AR-M1896 TFA salt

Chemical Formula: C56H82F3N13O16

Exact Mass: 0.0000

Molecular Weight: 1250.34

Elemental Analysis: C, 53.79; H, 6.61; F, 4.56; N, 14.56; O, 20.47

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
1mg USD 400.00 2 Weeks
5mg USD 1,250.00 2 Weeks
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Related CAS #
367518-31-8 (free base) AR-M1896 TFA salt
Synonym
AR-M1896; ARM1896; AR M1896; Gal(2-11)-NH2; Gal(2-11)NH2; Gal(2-11) NH2; WTLNSAGYLL-NH2; WTLNSAGYLLNH2; WTLNSAGYLL NH2; Galanin (2-11) amide TFA;
IUPAC/Chemical Name
(S)-2-((S)-2-((2S,3R)-2-((S)-2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanamido)-3-hydroxybutanamido)-4-methylpentanamido)-N1-((2S,5S,11S,14S,17S)-17-carbamoyl-1-hydroxy-11-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-14-isobutyl-5,19-dimethyl-3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxo-4,7,10,13,16-pentaazaicosan-2-yl)succinamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
InChi Key
ILTGGRBAWMAFAK-DQGGFSSQSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C54H81N13O14.C2HF3O2/c1-26(2)17-37(46(57)73)62-49(76)38(18-27(3)4)63-51(78)40(20-31-13-15-33(70)16-14-31)61-44(72)24-59-47(74)29(7)60-53(80)42(25-68)66-52(79)41(22-43(56)71)64-50(77)39(19-28(5)6)65-54(81)45(30(8)69)67-48(75)35(55)21-32-23-58-36-12-10-9-11-34(32)36;3-2(4,5)1(6)7/h9-16,23,26-30,35,37-42,45,58,68-70H,17-22,24-25,55H2,1-8H3,(H2,56,71)(H2,57,73)(H,59,74)(H,60,80)(H,61,72)(H,62,76)(H,63,78)(H,64,77)(H,65,81)(H,66,79)(H,67,75);(H,6,7)/t29-,30+,35-,37-,38-,39-,40-,41-,42-,45-;/m0./s1
SMILES Code
N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C12)C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(NCC(N[C@@H](CC3=CC=C(O)C=C3)C(N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(N)=O)=O)CC(C)C)=O)=O)=O)C)=O)CO)=O)CC(N)=O)=O)CC(C)C)=O)[C@@H](C)O)=O.OC(C(F)(F)F)=O
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
To be determined
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
To be determined
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Solvent mg/mL mM comments
Solubility
DMF 5.0 4.00
DMSO 5.0 4.00
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 1,250.34 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
1: Sun J, Xu S, Li H, Li L, Xu ZD. Galanin Protects Rat Cortical Astrocyte from Oxidative Stress: Involvement of GalR2 and pERK1/2 Signal Pathway. Mediators Inflamm. 2019 May 22;2019:2716028. doi: 10.1155/2019/2716028. PMID: 31249471; PMCID: PMC6556323. 2: Chen SH, Lue JH, Hsiao YJ, Lai SM, Wang HY, Lin CT, Chen YC, Tsai YJ. Elevated galanin receptor type 2 primarily contributes to mechanical hypersensitivity after median nerve injury. PLoS One. 2018 Jun 21;13(6):e0199512. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199512. PMID: 29928003; PMCID: PMC6013116. 3: de Souza MM, Silote GP, Herbst LS, Funck VR, Joca SRL, Beijamini V. The antidepressant-like effect of galanin in the dorsal raphe nucleus of rats involves GAL2 receptors. Neurosci Lett. 2018 Aug 10;681:26-30. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.029. Epub 2018 May 19. PMID: 29787787. 4: Khan D, Khan M, Runesson J, Zaben M, Gray WP. GalR3 mediates galanin proliferative effects on postnatal hippocampal precursors. Neuropeptides. 2017 Jun;63:14-17. doi: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.04.002. Epub 2017 Apr 5. PMID: 28431685. 5: Li Y, Mei Z, Liu S, Wang T, Li H, Li XX, Han S, Yang Y, Li J, Xu ZD. Galanin Protects from Caspase-8/12-initiated Neuronal Apoptosis in the Ischemic Mouse Brain via GalR1. Aging Dis. 2017 Feb 1;8(1):85-100. doi: 10.14336/AD.2016.0806. PMID: 28203483; PMCID: PMC5287390. 6: Morais JS, Souza MM, Campanha TM, Muller CJ, Bittencourt AS, Bortoli VC, Schenberg LC, Beijamini V. Galanin subtype 1 and subtype 2 receptors mediate opposite anxiety-like effects in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus. Behav Brain Res. 2016 Nov 1;314:125-33. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.08.007. Epub 2016 Aug 4. PMID: 27498247. 7: Pan NC, Bai YF, Yang Y, Hökfelt T, Xu ZQ. Activation of galanin receptor 2 stimulates large conductance Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) (BK) channels through the IP3 pathway in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2014 Mar 28;446(1):316-21. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.02.110. Epub 2014 Mar 3. PMID: 24602615. 8: Li L, Yu L, Kong Q. Exogenous galanin attenuates spatial memory impairment and decreases hippocampal β-amyloid levels in rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Int J Neurosci. 2013 Nov;123(11):759-65. doi: 10.3109/00207454.2013.800976. Epub 2013 Jun 17. PMID: 23687905. 9: Agasse F, Xapelli S, Coronas V, Christiansen SH, Rosa AI, Sardá-Arroyo L, Santos T, Ferreira R, Schitine C, Harnois T, Bourmeyster N, Bragança J, Bernardino L, Malva JO, Woldbye DP. Galanin promotes neuronal differentiation in murine subventricular zone cell cultures. Stem Cells Dev. 2013 Jun 1;22(11):1693-708. doi: 10.1089/scd.2012.0161. Epub 2013 Mar 1. PMID: 23327619. 10: Xu X, Liu Z, Liu H, Yang X, Li Z. The effects of galanin on neuropathic pain in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2012 Apr 5;680(1-3):28-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.01.011. Epub 2012 Jan 26. PMID: 22306246. 11: Elliott-Hunt CR, Holmes FE, Hartley DM, Perez S, Mufson EJ, Wynick D. Endogenous galanin protects mouse hippocampal neurons against amyloid toxicity in vitro via activation of galanin receptor-2. J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;25(3):455-62. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2011-110011. PMID: 21471641; PMCID: PMC3145121. 12: Abbosh C, Lawkowski A, Zaben M, Gray W. GalR2/3 mediates proliferative and trophic effects of galanin on postnatal hippocampal precursors. J Neurochem. 2011 May;117(3):425-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07204.x. Epub 2011 Mar 17. PMID: 21281311. 13: Pirondi S, Giuliani A, Del Vecchio G, Giardino L, Hökfelt T, Calzà L. The galanin receptor 2/3 agonist Gal2-11 protects the SN56 cells against beta- amyloid 25-35 toxicity. J Neurosci Res. 2010 Apr;88(5):1064-73. doi: 10.1002/jnr.22278. PMID: 19885864. 14: Schmidhuber SM, Rauch I, Kofler B, Brain SD. Evidence that the modulatory effect of galanin on inflammatory edema formation is mediated by the galanin receptor 3 in the murine microvasculature. J Mol Neurosci. 2009 Feb;37(2):177-81. doi: 10.1007/s12031-008-9135-x. Epub 2008 Aug 5. PMID: 18679831. 15: Tofighi R, Joseph B, Xia S, Xu ZQ, Hamberger B, Hökfelt T, Ceccatelli S. Galanin decreases proliferation of PC12 cells and induces apoptosis via its subtype 2 receptor (GalR2). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Feb 19;105(7):2717-22. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0712300105. Epub 2008 Feb 12. PMID: 18272487; PMCID: PMC2268202. 16: Kuteeva E, Wardi T, Lundström L, Sollenberg U, Langel U, Hökfelt T, Ogren SO. Differential role of galanin receptors in the regulation of depression-like behavior and monoamine/stress-related genes at the cell body level. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2008 Oct;33(11):2573-85. doi: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301660. Epub 2008 Jan 2. PMID: 18172432. 17: Man PS, Lawrence CB. The effects of galanin-like peptide on energy balance, body temperature and brain activity in the mouse and rat are independent of the GALR2/3 receptor. J Neuroendocrinol. 2008 Jan;20(1):128-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2007.01625.x. PMID: 18081561; PMCID: PMC3306895. 18: Jimenez-Andrade JM, Lundström L, Sollenberg UE, Langel U, Castañeda- Hernandez G, Carlton SM. Activation of peripheral galanin receptors: differential effects on nociception. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2006 Sep;85(1):273-80. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2006.08.008. Epub 2006 Sep 20. PMID: 16996122. 19: Pirondi S, Fernandez M, Schmidt R, Hökfelt T, Giardino L, Calzà L. The galanin-R2 agonist AR-M1896 reduces glutamate toxicity in primary neural hippocampal cells. J Neurochem. 2005 Nov;95(3):821-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03437.x. Epub 2005 Aug 31. PMID: 16248891. 20: Ding X, MacTavish D, Kar S, Jhamandas JH. Galanin attenuates beta-amyloid (Abeta) toxicity in rat cholinergic basal forebrain neurons. Neurobiol Dis. 2006 Feb;21(2):413-20. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2005.08.016. Epub 2005 Oct 24. PMID: 16246567.