MedKoo Cat#: 464833 | Name: Indoxyl Sulfate-d5 potassium salt
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Indoxyl sulfate-d5 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of indoxyl sulfate by GC- or LC-MS. Indoxyl sulfate is a uremic toxin and a metabolite of tryptophan. It is formed via sulfation of indole, an intermediate generated from tryptophan by intestinal bacteria, by the sulfotransferase (SULT) isoform 1A1 variant 2 (SULT1A1*2) in the liver. Indoxyl sulfate activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in HepG2 40/6 hepatoma cells (EC50 = 12.1 nM in a reporter assay). It also inhibits the organic anion transporter (OAT) isoforms OAT1 and OAT3 (Kis = 34.2 and 74.4 µM, respectively for the rat transporters) in S2 proximal tubule cells. Indoxyl sulfate (0.2 and 1 mM) increases superoxide anion and nitric oxide levels in isolated human mononuclear blood cells. It increases serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in the 5/6 nephrectomized rat model of chronic renal failure when administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg.

Chemical Structure

Indoxyl Sulfate-d5 potassium salt
Indoxyl Sulfate-d5 potassium salt
CAS#1644451-34-2 (potassium)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 464833

Name: Indoxyl Sulfate-d5 potassium salt

CAS#: 1644451-34-2 (potassium)

Chemical Formula: C8HD5KNO4S

Exact Mass: 255.9968

Molecular Weight: 256.33

Elemental Analysis: C, 37.49; H, 4.32; K, 15.25; N, 5.46; O, 24.97; S, 12.51

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
1mg USD 300.00 2 Weeks
5mg USD 800.00 2 Weeks
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Synonym
Indoxyl Sulfate-d5 potassium salt; Indoxyl Sulfate d5 potassium salt;
IUPAC/Chemical Name
potassium 1H-indol-3-yl-2,4,5,6,7-d5 sulfate
InChi Key
MDAWATNFDJIBBD-GWVWGMRQSA-M
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C8H7NO4S.K/c10-14(11,12)13-8-5-9-7-4-2-1-3-6(7)8;/h1-5,9H,(H,10,11,12);/q;+1/p-1/i1D,2D,3D,4D,5D;
SMILES Code
[O-]S(OC1=C(NC2=C(C([2H])=C(C([2H])=C21)[2H])[2H])[2H])(=O)=O.[K+]
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
To be determined
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
To be determined
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 256.33 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
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Toxins (Basel). 2021 Mar 18;13(3):223. doi: 10.3390/toxins13030223. PMID: 33803899; PMCID: PMC8003125. 9: Saar-Kovrov V, Zidek W, Orth-Alampour S, Fliser D, Jankowski V, Biessen EAL, Jankowski J. Reduction of protein-bound uraemic toxins in plasma of chronic renal failure patients: A systematic review. J Intern Med. 2021 Apr 1. doi: 10.1111/joim.13248. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33792983. 10: Lim YJ, Sidor NA, Tonial NC, Che A, Urquhart BL. Uremic Toxins in the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. Toxins (Basel). 2021 Feb 13;13(2):142. doi: 10.3390/toxins13020142. PMID: 33668632; PMCID: PMC7917723. 11: Kwiatkowska I, Hermanowicz JM, Mysliwiec M, Pawlak D. Oxidative Storm Induced by Tryptophan Metabolites: Missing Link between Atherosclerosis and Chronic Kidney Disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020 Dec 29;2020:6656033. doi: 10.1155/2020/6656033. PMID: 33456671; PMCID: PMC7787774. 12: Wu CL, Tarng DC. Targeting Uremic Toxins to Prevent Peripheral Vascular Complications in Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel). 2020 Dec 20;12(12):808. doi: 10.3390/toxins12120808. PMID: 33419312; PMCID: PMC7765928. 13: Eshghjoo S, Jayaraman A, Sun Y, Alaniz RC. Microbiota-Mediated Immune Regulation in Atherosclerosis. Molecules. 2021 Jan 1;26(1):179. doi: 10.3390/molecules26010179. PMID: 33401401; PMCID: PMC7795654. 14: Chao CT, Lin SH. Uremic Vascular Calcification: The Pathogenic Roles and Gastrointestinal Decontamination of Uremic Toxins. Toxins (Basel). 2020 Dec 21;12(12):812. doi: 10.3390/toxins12120812. PMID: 33371477; PMCID: PMC7767516. 15: Yaker L, Kamel S, Ausseil J, Boullier A. Effects of Chronic Kidney Disease and Uremic Toxins on Extracellular Vesicle Biology. Toxins (Basel). 2020 Dec 21;12(12):811. doi: 10.3390/toxins12120811. PMID: 33371311; PMCID: PMC7767379. 16: Nagata D, Yoshizawa H. Pharmacological Actions of Indoxyl Sulfate and AST-120 That Should Be Recognized for the Strategic Treatment of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2020 Dec 4;13:359-365. doi: 10.2147/IJNRD.S287237. PMID: 33311993; PMCID: PMC7726832. 17: Ikee R, Sasaki N, Yasuda T, Fukazawa S. Chronic Kidney Disease, Gut Dysbiosis, and Constipation: A Burdensome Triplet. Microorganisms. 2020 Nov 25;8(12):1862. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8121862. PMID: 33255763; PMCID: PMC7760012. 18: Colombo I, Aiello-Battan F, Elena R, Ruiz A, Petraglia L, Musso CG. Kidney- gut crosstalk in renal disease. Ir J Med Sci. 2020 Nov 20. doi: 10.1007/s11845-020-02437-7. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33216316. 19: Cheng TH, Ma MC, Liao MT, Zheng CM, Lu KC, Liao CH, Hou YC, Liu WC, Lu CL. Indoxyl Sulfate, a Tubular Toxin, Contributes to the Development of Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel). 2020 Oct 29;12(11):684. doi: 10.3390/toxins12110684. PMID: 33138205; PMCID: PMC7693919. 20: Beloborodova NV, Chernevskaya EA, Getsina ML. Indolic Structure Metabolites as Potential Biomarkers of Non-infectious Diseases. Curr Pharm Des. 2021;27(2):238-249. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666201022121653. PMID: 33092503.