Synonym
Nefopam Free Base; Fenazoxine; Nefopamum
IUPAC/Chemical Name
3,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-2,5-benzoxazocin
InChi Key
RGPDEAGGEXEMMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C17H19NO/c1-18-11-12-19-17(14-7-3-2-4-8-14)16-10-6-5-9-15(16)13-18/h2-10,17H,11-13H2,1H3
SMILES Code
CN1CCOC(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3C1
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
To be determined
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
To be determined
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Biological target:
Nefopam Free Base is a non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE.
In vitro activity:
The screen identified Neofopam, as an agent that inhibited cell numbers to 42% of baseline in cell cultures from β-catenin driven fibroproliferative disorders. Nefopam decreased cell proliferation and β-catenin protein level to 50% of baseline in these same cell cultures. The half maximal effective concentration in-vitro was 0.5 uM and there was a plateau in the effect after 48 hours of treatment.
Reference: PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37940. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22666417/
In vivo activity:
Mechanical and heat antinociception induced by oral doses of paracetamol, nefopam or their combination was studied by isobolographic analysis in a murine model of postsurgical pain. Oral nefopam induced dose-dependent antinociception with similar efficacy for mechanical and heat hypersensitivity (ED50 s 5.42 ± 0.81 vs. 5.83 ± 0.72). Combinations of increasing isoeffective doses revealed that combined ED17.5 s (85.76 mg/kg paracetamol and 1.9 mg/kg nefopam) and ED35 s (132.67 mg/kg and 3.73 mg/kg) showed synergistic effects leading to 75% and 90% mechanical antinociception, respectively.
Reference: Eur J Pain. 2021 Sep;25(8):1770-1787. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33909343/
Preparing Stock Solutions
The following data is based on the
product
molecular weight
253.35
Batch specific molecular weights may vary
from batch to batch
due to the degree of hydration, which will
affect the solvent
volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass |
1 mg |
5 mg |
10 mg |
| 1 mM |
1.15 mL |
5.76 mL |
11.51 mL |
| 5 mM |
0.23 mL |
1.15 mL |
2.3 mL |
| 10 mM |
0.12 mL |
0.58 mL |
1.15 mL |
| 50 mM |
0.02 mL |
0.12 mL |
0.23 mL |
Formulation protocol:
1. Poon R, Hong H, Wei X, Pan J, Alman BA. A high throughput screen identifies Nefopam as targeting cell proliferation in β-catenin driven neoplastic and reactive fibroproliferative disorders. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37940. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037940. Epub 2012 May 30. PMID: 22666417; PMCID: PMC3364163.
2. Novelli A, Groppetti A, Rossoni G, Manfredi B, Ferrero-Gutiérrez A, Pérez-Gómez A, Desogus CM, Fernández-Sánchez MT. Nefopam is more potent than carbamazepine for neuroprotection against veratridine in vitro and has anticonvulsant properties against both electrical and chemical stimulation. Amino Acids. 2007;32(3):323-32. doi: 10.1007/s00726-006-0419-6. Epub 2006 Oct 6. PMID: 17021653.
3. Cabañero D, Maldonado R. Synergism between oral paracetamol and nefopam in a murine model of postoperative pain. Eur J Pain. 2021 Sep;25(8):1770-1787. doi: 10.1002/ejp.1787. Epub 2021 May 20. PMID: 33909343.
4. Chae JW, Kang DH, Li Y, Kim SH, Lee HG, Choi JI, Yoon MH, Kim WM. Antinociceptive effects of nefopam modulating serotonergic, adrenergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmission in the spinal cord. Neurosci Lett. 2020 Jul 13;731:135057. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135057. Epub 2020 May 23. PMID: 32450186.
In vitro protocol:
1. Poon R, Hong H, Wei X, Pan J, Alman BA. A high throughput screen identifies Nefopam as targeting cell proliferation in β-catenin driven neoplastic and reactive fibroproliferative disorders. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37940. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037940. Epub 2012 May 30. PMID: 22666417; PMCID: PMC3364163.
2. Novelli A, Groppetti A, Rossoni G, Manfredi B, Ferrero-Gutiérrez A, Pérez-Gómez A, Desogus CM, Fernández-Sánchez MT. Nefopam is more potent than carbamazepine for neuroprotection against veratridine in vitro and has anticonvulsant properties against both electrical and chemical stimulation. Amino Acids. 2007;32(3):323-32. doi: 10.1007/s00726-006-0419-6. Epub 2006 Oct 6. PMID: 17021653.
In vivo protocol:
1. Cabañero D, Maldonado R. Synergism between oral paracetamol and nefopam in a murine model of postoperative pain. Eur J Pain. 2021 Sep;25(8):1770-1787. doi: 10.1002/ejp.1787. Epub 2021 May 20. PMID: 33909343.
2. Chae JW, Kang DH, Li Y, Kim SH, Lee HG, Choi JI, Yoon MH, Kim WM. Antinociceptive effects of nefopam modulating serotonergic, adrenergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmission in the spinal cord. Neurosci Lett. 2020 Jul 13;731:135057. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135057. Epub 2020 May 23. PMID: 32450186.
1: Girard P, Chauvin M, Verleye M. Nefopam analgesia and its role in multimodal analgesia: A review of preclinical and clinical studies. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2016 Jan;43(1):3-12. doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.12506. PMID: 26475417.
2: Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2006–. Nefopam. 2018 Dec 3. PMID: 29999964.
3: Lee JY, Sim WS, Cho NR, Kim BW, Moon JY, Park HJ. The Antiallodynic Effect of Nefopam on Vincristine-Induced Neuropathy in Mice. J Pain Res. 2020 Feb 7;13:323-329. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S224478. PMID: 32104054; PMCID: PMC7012248.
4: Pasutharnchat K, Wichachai W, Buachai R. Analgesic efficacy of nefopam for cancer pain: a randomized controlled study. F1000Res. 2020 May 19;9:378. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.23455.1. PMID: 32551097; PMCID: PMC7276938.
5: Zhao T, Shen Z, Sheng S. The efficacy and safety of nefopam for pain relief during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Mar;97(10):e0089. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010089. PMID: 29517677; PMCID: PMC5882431.
6: Na HS, Oh AY, Ryu JH, Koo BW, Nam SW, Jo J, Park JH. Intraoperative Nefopam Reduces Acute Postoperative Pain after Laparoscopic Gastrectomy: a Prospective, Randomized Study. J Gastrointest Surg. 2018 May;22(5):771-777. doi: 10.1007/s11605-018-3681-5. Epub 2018 Jan 26. PMID: 29374350.
7: D'Huart E, Vigneron J, Clarot I, Demoré B. Physicochemical stability of nefopam and nefopam/droperidol solutions in polypropylene syringes for intensive care units. Eur J Hosp Pharm. 2020 Mar;27(e1):e69-e73. doi: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2019-001856. Epub 2019 Jun 11. PMID: 32296509; PMCID: PMC7147557.
8: Eiamcharoenwit J, Chotisukarat H, Tainil K, Attanath N, Akavipat P. Analgesic efficacy of intravenous nefopam after spine surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. F1000Res. 2020 Jun 4;9:516. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.22909.2. PMID: 32934804; PMCID: PMC7477643.
9: Evans MS, Lysakowski C, Tramèr MR. Nefopam for the prevention of postoperative pain: quantitative systematic review. Br J Anaesth. 2008 Nov;101(5):610-7. doi: 10.1093/bja/aen267. Epub 2008 Sep 15. PMID: 18796441.
10: Nair AS. Nefopam: Another Pragmatic Analgesic in Managing Chronic Neuropathic Pain. Indian J Palliat Care. 2019 Jul-Sep;25(3):482-483. doi: 10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_215_18. PMID: 31413472; PMCID: PMC6659541.
