Detomidine Free Base | CAS# 76631-46-4 (free base) | α₂-adrenergic agonist

MedKoo Cat#: 413592 | Name: Detomidine Free Base

Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Detomidine Free Base is an imidazole derivative and α₂-adrenergic agonist, used as a large animal sedative, primarily used in horses. It is usually available as the salt detomidine hydrochloride. It is a prescription medication available to veterinarians sold under the trade name Dormosedan.

Chemical Structure

Detomidine Free Base

CAS#76631-46-4 (free base)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 413592

Name: Detomidine Free Base

CAS#: 76631-46-4 (free base)

Chemical Formula: C12H14N2

Exact Mass: 186.1157

Molecular Weight: 186.26

Elemental Analysis: C, 77.38; H, 7.58; N, 15.04

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Related CAS #

76631-46-4 (free base) 90038-01-0 (HCl)

Synonym

Detomidine Free Base; Detomidinum; Detomidina

IUPAC/Chemical Name

1H-Imidazole, 4-((2,3-dimethylphenyl)methyl)-

InChi Key

RHDJRPPFURBGLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChi Code

InChI=1S/C12H14N2/c1-9-4-3-5-11(10(9)2)6-12-7-13-8-14-12/h3-5,7-8H,6H2,1-2H3,(H,13,14)

SMILES Code

CC1=C(C)C(CC2=CNC=N2)=CC=C1

Appearance

Solid powder

Purity

>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition

Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition

Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility

To be determined

Shelf Life

>2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation

To be determined

Stock Solution Storage

0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code

2934.99.9001

More Info

Product Data

Product Data

Instruction

View handling instruction

Biological target:

Detomidine, an imidazole derivative, is a potent α2-adrenergic agonist that produces dose-dependent sedative and analgesic effects.

In vitro activity:

The in vitro receptor interactions of detomidine, a novel veterinary sedative analgesic, were studied. Detomidine caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of the twitch response in electrically stimulated mouse vas deferens with a pD2 value of 8.8. The effect of detomidine was not antagonized by the opioidergic antagonist naloxone, the dopaminergic antagonist sulpiride, the serotonergic antagonist methysergide, the histamine H2-antagonist cimetidine, the histamine H1-antagonist diphenhydramine and the cholinergic muscarine antagonist atropine. Detomidine produced concentration-dependent contractions of rat anococcygeal muscle and rabbit aortic strips with pD2 values between 2.5 and 6.4. Intrinsic activities (compared to phenylephrine) varied between 0.5 and 0.7. In receptor binding experiments detomidine showed strong affinity to alpha 2-receptors and there was some binding affinity towards alpha 1-receptors. In conclusion, the present results suggest that detomidine is a potent alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist and that at high concentrations it can also stimulate alpha 1-adrenoceptors. Reference: Eur J Pharmacol. 1985 Jan 22;108(2):163-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2984021/

In vivo activity:

Anaesthesia was induced in horses (n = 6) and baseline values were taken after stabilisation of anaesthesia and were statistically compared to values obtained after an intravenous bolus of detomidine (10 micrograms/kg) had been injected at Time 0. Detomidine caused a significant reduction of heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), oxygen transport (O2TR) and a significant elevation of the SAPm, systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and coefficient of utilisation of oxygen (O2CU) at 2 min. A significant reduction in HR, CI, SAPm, Hb, content of oxygen in arterial blood (CaO2) and O2TR and a significant elevation of O2CU were observed 10-50 min after the injection of detomidine. Reduction of the isoflurane end-expiratory concentration to 1.3% was followed by a progressive improvement of the SAPm, CI and muscle perfusion towards the baseline values. Further reduction of Hb and CaO2 as compared to the baseline values was observed during the period. The data suggest that detomidine potentiates some of the cardiovascular effects of isoflurane in horses. Reference: J S Afr Vet Assoc. 1996 Dec;67(4):199-203. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9284031/

	Solvent	mg/mL	mM
Solubility
	To be determined	0.0	0.00

Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 186.26 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	1.15 mL	5.76 mL	11.51 mL
5 mM	0.23 mL	1.15 mL	2.3 mL
10 mM	0.12 mL	0.58 mL	1.15 mL
50 mM	0.02 mL	0.12 mL	0.23 mL

Formulation protocol:

1. Virtanen R, Nyman L. Evaluation of the alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor effects of detomidine, a novel veterinary sedative analgesic. Eur J Pharmacol. 1985 Jan 22;108(2):163-9. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(85)90721-6. PMID: 2984021. 2. Zullian C, Menozzi A, Pozzoli C, Poli E, Bertini S. Effects of α2-adrenergic drugs on small intestinal motility in the horse: an in vitro study. Vet J. 2011 Mar;187(3):342-6. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.12.015. Epub 2010 Jan 22. PMID: 20093057. 3. Steffey EP, Pascoe PJ. Detomidine reduces isoflurane anesthetic requirement (MAC) in horses. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2002 Oct;29(4):223-227. doi: 10.1046/j.1467-2995.2002.00107.x. Epub 2016 Nov 15. PMID: 28404367. 4. . Still J, Serteyn D, van der Merwe CA. Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of detomidine in isoflurane-anaesthetised horses. J S Afr Vet Assoc. 1996 Dec;67(4):199-203. PMID: 9284031.

In vitro protocol:

In vivo protocol:

1. Steffey EP, Pascoe PJ. Detomidine reduces isoflurane anesthetic requirement (MAC) in horses. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2002 Oct;29(4):223-227. doi: 10.1046/j.1467-2995.2002.00107.x. Epub 2016 Nov 15. PMID: 28404367. 2. Still J, Serteyn D, van der Merwe CA. Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of detomidine in isoflurane-anaesthetised horses. J S Afr Vet Assoc. 1996 Dec;67(4):199-203. PMID: 9284031.

1: Cavalero TMS, Papa FO, Schmith RA, Scheeren VFC, Canuto LEF, Gobato MLM, Rodrigues LT, Freitas-Dell'aqua CP. Protocols using detomidine and oxytocin induce ex copula ejaculation in stallions. Theriogenology. 2019 Dec;140:93-98. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.08.024. Epub 2019 Aug 21. PMID: 31454723. 2: Vainio O. Detomidine. Vet Rec. 1988 Dec 17;123(25):655. PMID: 3218055. 3: Chow NS, Seddighi R, Knych HK, Sun X, Doherty TJ. Sedative effects and pharmacokinetics of detomidine when administered intravenously and intravaginally as a gel in alpacas. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2020 Nov;47(6):773-780. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2020.07.002. Epub 2020 Jul 27. PMID: 32863105. 4: Paine SW, Bright J, Scarth JP, Hincks PR, Pearce CM, Hannan C, Machnik M, Hillyer L. The intravenous pharmacokinetics of butorphanol and detomidine dosed in combination compared with individual dose administrations to exercised horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2020 Mar;43(2):162-170. doi: 10.1111/jvp.12838. Epub 2020 Feb 3. PMID: 32012314. 5: Seddighi R, Knych HK, Cox SK, Sun X, Moorhead KA, Doherty TJ. Evaluation of the sedative effects and pharmacokinetics of detomidine gel administered intravaginally to horses. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2019 Nov;46(6):772-779. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2019.06.002. Epub 2019 Jun 17. PMID: 31474339. 6: Sinn L. Advances in Behavioral Psychopharmacology. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2018 May;48(3):457-471. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2017.12.011. Epub 2018 Feb 5. PMID: 29415813. 7: Bouts T, Dodds J, Berry K, Arif A, Taylor P, Routh A, Gasthuys F. DETOMIDINE AND BUTORPHANOL FOR STANDING SEDATION IN A RANGE OF ZOO-KEPT UNGULATE SPECIES. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2017 Sep;48(3):616-626. doi: 10.1638/2016-0047.1. PMID: 28920785. 8: Kerrigan LE, Thompson DL Jr, Chapman AM, Oberhaus EL. Effects of Epinephrine, Detomidine, and Butorphanol on Assessments of Insulin Sensitivity in Mares. J Equine Vet Sci. 2020 Feb;85:102842. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102842. Epub 2019 Dec 3. PMID: 31952633. 9: Thibault CJ, Wilson DV, Robertson SA, Sharma D, Kinsley MA. A retrospective study of fecal output and postprocedure colic in 246 horses undergoing standing sedation with detomidine, or general anesthesia with or without detomidine. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2019 Jul;46(4):458-465. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2019.03.006. Epub 2019 May 4. PMID: 31196750. 10: Gozalo-Marcilla M, Luna SPL, Moreira da Silva R, Crosignani N, Lopes NP, Taylor PM, Pelligand L. Characterisation of the in vivo interactions between detomidine and methadone in horses: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling. Equine Vet J. 2019 Jul;51(4):517-529. doi: 10.1111/evj.13031. Epub 2018 Nov 17. PMID: 30298682.