Metformin free base | CAS# 657-24-9 | AMPK activator

MedKoo Cat#: 575896 | Name: Metformin free base

Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Metformin is an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator that improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. Metformin exerts an anorexiant effect, decreasing caloric intake. Metformin decreases gluconeogenesis (glucose production) in the liver. Metformin inhibits basal secretion from the pituitary gland of growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and expression of proopiomelanocortin, which in part accounts for its insulin-sensitizing effect with multiple actions on tissues including the liver, skeletal muscle, endothelium, adipose tissue, and the ovaries.

Chemical Structure

Metformin free base

CAS#657-24-9 (free base)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 575896

Name: Metformin free base

CAS#: 657-24-9 (free base)

Chemical Formula: C4H11N5

Exact Mass: 129.1014

Molecular Weight: 129.17

Elemental Analysis: C, 37.20; H, 8.58; N, 54.22

Price and Availability

Size	Price	Availability
500mg	USD 90.00	Ready to ship
1g	USD 150.00	Ready to ship
2g	USD 225.00	Ready to ship
5g	USD 450.00	2 Weeks
10g	USD 750.00	2 Weeks

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Related CAS #

1115-70-4 (HCl) 657-24-9 (free base) 121369-64-0 (glycinate) 34461-22-8 ( embonate) 58840-24-7 (orotate) 1384526-74-2 (icosapent)

Synonym

Diabetosan; Diabex; Dimethylbiguanide; DMGG; Fluamine; Flumamine; LA 6023; LA6023; LA-6023; Metformin; Metiguanide

IUPAC/Chemical Name

3-(diaminomethylidene)-1,1-dimethylguanidine

InChi Key

XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChi Code

InChI=1S/C4H11N5/c1-9(2)4(7)8-3(5)6/h1-2H3,(H5,5,6,7,8)

SMILES Code

CN(C)C(=N)NC(=N)N

Appearance

Solid powder

Purity

>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition

Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition

Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility

Soluble in DMSO

Shelf Life

>2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation

This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage

0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code

2934.99.9001

More Info

AMPK probably also plays a role in increased peripheral insulin sensitivity, as metformin administration increases AMPK activity in skeletal muscle. AMPK is known to cause GLUT4 deployment to the plasma membrane, resulting in insulin-independent glucose uptake. Some metabolic actions of metformin do appear to occur by AMPK-independent mechanisms, however AMPK likely has a modest overall effect and its activity is not likely to directly decrease gluconeogenesis in the liver. Metformin has indirect antiandrogenic effects in women with insulin resistance, such as those with PCOS, due to its beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity. It may reduce testosterone levels in such women by as much as 50%. A Cochrane review, though, found that metformin was only slightly effective for decreasing androgen levels in women with PCOS. Metformin also has significant effects on the gut microbiome, such as its effect on increasing agmatine production by gut bacteria, but the relative importance of this mechanism compared to other mechanisms is uncertain. Due to its effect on GLUT4 and AMPK, metformin has been described as an exercise mimetic.

Instruction

View handling instruction

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 129.17 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	1.15 mL	5.76 mL	11.51 mL
5 mM	0.23 mL	1.15 mL	2.3 mL
10 mM	0.12 mL	0.58 mL	1.15 mL
50 mM	0.02 mL	0.12 mL	0.23 mL

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PMID: 38286229. 5: Xie H, Li M, Zheng Y. Associations of metformin therapy treatment with endometrial cancer risk and prognosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Oncol. 2024 Jan 20;182:15-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.01.007. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38246042. 6: Dewangga R, Winston K, Ilhami LG, Indriani S, Siddiq T, Adiarto S. Association of metformin use with abdominal aortic aneurysm: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2024 Jan 18:2184923231225794. doi: 10.1177/02184923231225794. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38239055. 7: Pujalte-Martin M, Belaïd A, Bost S, Kahi M, Peraldi P, Rouleau M, Mazure NM, Bost F. Targeting cancer and immune cell metabolism with the complex I inhibitors metformin and IACS-010759. Mol Oncol. 2024 Jan 12. doi: 10.1002/1878-0261.13583. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38214418. 8: Almeida-Nunes DL, Silvestre R, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Ricardo S. 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PMID: 38154535. 12: Sacco M, Ribaldone DG, Saracco GM. Metformin and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Reduction in Diabetic Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C: Fact or Fiction? Viruses. 2023 Dec 17;15(12):2451. doi: 10.3390/v15122451. PMID: 38140692; PMCID: PMC10748230. 13: Isop LM, Neculau AE, Necula RD, Kakucs C, Moga MA, Dima L. Metformin: The Winding Path from Understanding Its Molecular Mechanisms to Proving Therapeutic Benefits in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 Dec 11;16(12):1714. doi: 10.3390/ph16121714. PMID: 38139841; PMCID: PMC10748332. 14: Rittenhouse BE, Alolayan S, Eguale T, Segal AR, Doucette J. The cost- effectiveness of metformin in the US diabetes prevention program trial: Simple interpretations need not apply. Prev Med. 2024 Jan;178:107819. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107819. Epub 2023 Dec 11. PMID: 38092328. 15: Cho M, Woo YR, Cho SH, Lee JD, Kim HS. Metformin: A Potential Treatment for Acne, Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Rosacea. Acta Derm Venereol. 2023 Dec 11;103:adv18392. doi: 10.2340/actadv.v103.18392. PMID: 38078688; PMCID: PMC10726377. 16: Chang W, Li W, Li P. The anti-diabetic effects of metformin are mediated by regulating long non-coding RNA. Front Pharmacol. 2023 Nov 20;14:1256705. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1256705. PMID: 38053839; PMCID: PMC10694297. 17: Li R, Li H, Yang Z, Zhang X. Combination of metformin with liraglutide in treating HAIR-AN syndrome in children: A case report and literature review. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2023 Sept 28;48(9):1425-1431. English, Chinese. doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.230100. PMID: 38044655. 18: Tiwari A, Kumar Singh R, Satone PD, Meshram RJ. Metformin-Induced Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Patients With Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cureus. 2023 Oct 26;15(10):e47771. doi: 10.7759/cureus.47771. PMID: 38034222; PMCID: PMC10688235. 19: Huang Z, Li J, Chen H, Yu D, Sun S. The efficacy of metformin for the treatment of psoriasis: a meta-analysis study. 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