Synonym
Galnon trifluoroacetate salt; Galnon TFA; Fmoc-β-Cha-Lys-AMC;
IUPAC/Chemical Name
(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl ((S)-1-(((S)-6-amino-1-((4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)amino)-1-oxohexan-2-yl)amino)-3-cyclohexyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl)carbamate 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
InChi Key
NLKOPSMADZXEPE-WDAFUDAASA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C40H46N4O6.C2HF3O2/c1-25-21-37(45)50-36-23-27(18-19-28(25)36)42-38(46)34(17-9-10-20-41)43-39(47)35(22-26-11-3-2-4-12-26)44-40(48)49-24-33-31-15-7-5-13-29(31)30-14-6-8-16-32(30)33;3-2(4,5)1(6)7/h5-8,13-16,18-19,21,23,26,33-35H,2-4,9-12,17,20,22,24,41H2,1H3,(H,42,46)(H,43,47)(H,44,48);(H,6,7)/t34-,35-;/m0./s1
SMILES Code
OC(C(F)(F)F)=O.CC(C1=CC=C(C=C1O2)NC([C@H](CCCCN)NC([C@H](CC3CCCCC3)NC(OCC4C5=CC=CC=C5C6=CC=CC=C64)=O)=O)=O)=CC2=O
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>3 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Biological target:
Non-selective galanin receptor agonist.
In vitro activity:
In vitro, galnon and galanin showed affinity for human galanin receptors expressed in Bowes melanoma cells (K(i)=5.5 microM and 0.2 nM, respectively). Galnon (10 microM) showed affinity for NPY1, NK2, M5, and somatostatin receptors but no affinity for galanin receptors expressed in rat hippocampal membranes.
Reference: Neuropeptides. 2007 Oct;41(5):307-20. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17637475/
In vivo activity:
Administration of galnon (1 microM) in rats significantly attenuated the LTP induction by 85.5 +/- 1% by 51 min after high frequency trains stimulation.
Reference: Neuropeptides. 2005 Jun;39(3):249-51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15944018/
|
Solvent |
mg/mL |
mM |
| Solubility |
| DMSO |
10.0 |
12.61 |
| DMSO:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:2) |
0.3 |
0.38 |
| DMF |
10.0 |
12.61 |
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.
Preparing Stock Solutions
The following data is based on the
product
molecular weight
792.85
Batch specific molecular weights may vary
from batch to batch
due to the degree of hydration, which will
affect the solvent
volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass |
1 mg |
5 mg |
10 mg |
| 1 mM |
1.15 mL |
5.76 mL |
11.51 mL |
| 5 mM |
0.23 mL |
1.15 mL |
2.3 mL |
| 10 mM |
0.12 mL |
0.58 mL |
1.15 mL |
| 50 mM |
0.02 mL |
0.12 mL |
0.23 mL |
Formulation protocol:
1. Rajarao SJ, Platt B, Sukoff SJ, Lin Q, Bender CN, Nieuwenhuijsen BW, Ring RH, Schechter LE, Rosenzweig-Lipson S, Beyer CE. Anxiolytic-like activity of the non-selective galanin receptor agonist, galnon. Neuropeptides. 2007 Oct;41(5):307-20. doi: 10.1016/j.npep.2007.05.001. Epub 2007 Jul 16. PMID: 17637475.
2. McGowan HW, Schuijers JA, Grills BL, McDonald SJ, McDonald AC. Galnon, a galanin receptor agonist, improves intrinsic cortical bone tissue properties but exacerbates bone loss in an ovariectomised rat model. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2014 Jun;14(2):162-72. PMID: 24879020.
3. Badie-Mahdavi H, Behrens MM, Rebek J, Bartfai T. Effect of galnon on induction of long-term potentiation in dentate gyrus of C57BL/6 mice. Neuropeptides. 2005 Jun;39(3):249-51. doi: 10.1016/j.npep.2004.12.010. Epub 2005 Mar 19. PMID: 15944018.
In vitro protocol:
1. Rajarao SJ, Platt B, Sukoff SJ, Lin Q, Bender CN, Nieuwenhuijsen BW, Ring RH, Schechter LE, Rosenzweig-Lipson S, Beyer CE. Anxiolytic-like activity of the non-selective galanin receptor agonist, galnon. Neuropeptides. 2007 Oct;41(5):307-20. doi: 10.1016/j.npep.2007.05.001. Epub 2007 Jul 16. PMID: 17637475.
In vivo protocol:
1. McGowan HW, Schuijers JA, Grills BL, McDonald SJ, McDonald AC. Galnon, a galanin receptor agonist, improves intrinsic cortical bone tissue properties but exacerbates bone loss in an ovariectomised rat model. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2014 Jun;14(2):162-72. PMID: 24879020.
2. Badie-Mahdavi H, Behrens MM, Rebek J, Bartfai T. Effect of galnon on induction of long-term potentiation in dentate gyrus of C57BL/6 mice. Neuropeptides. 2005 Jun;39(3):249-51. doi: 10.1016/j.npep.2004.12.010. Epub 2005 Mar 19. PMID: 15944018.
1: Saar, K., Mazarati, A.M., Mahlapuu, R., et al. Anticonvulsant activity of a nonpeptide galanin receptor agonist. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99(10), 7136-7141 (2002).
2: Ogbonmwan, Y.E., Sciolino, N.R., Groves-Chapman, J.L., et al. The galanin receptor agonist, galnon, attenuates cocaine-induced reinstatement and dopamine overflow in the frontal cortex. Addict. Biol. 20(4), 701-713 (2015).
3: Abramov, U., Florén, A., Echevarria, D.J., et al. Regulation of feeding by galnon. Neuropeptides 38(1), 55-61 (2004).
