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MedKoo Cat#: 462121 | Name: Ethoxyquin Dimer
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Ethoxyquin dimer is an antioxidant and metabolite of ethoxyquin.1 It prevents oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish meal and fish oil.

Chemical Structure

Ethoxyquin Dimer
Ethoxyquin Dimer
CAS#74681-77-9 (dimer)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 462121

Name: Ethoxyquin Dimer

CAS#: 74681-77-9 (dimer)

Chemical Formula: C28H46N2O2

Exact Mass: 442.3559

Molecular Weight: 442.69

Elemental Analysis: C, 75.97; H, 10.47; N, 6.33; O, 7.23

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
1mg USD 350.00 2 Weeks
5mg USD 1,150.00 2 Weeks
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Related CAS #
91-53-2 74681-77-9 (dimer)
Synonym
Ethoxyquin Dimer; EQDM
IUPAC/Chemical Name
6,6'-diethoxy-2,2,2',2',4,4'-hexamethyl-1',2'-dihydro-2H-1,8'-biquinoline
InChi Key
JPCXDKKEKXRNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C28H36N2O2/c1-9-31-20-11-12-24-22(13-20)19(4)17-28(7,8)30(24)25-15-21(32-10-2)14-23-18(3)16-27(5,6)29-26(23)25/h11-17,29H,9-10H2,1-8H3
SMILES Code
CCOC1=CC2=C(C=C1)N(C(C=C2C)(C)C)C3=CC(=CC4=C3NC(C=C4C)(C)C)OCC
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>3 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 442.69 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
1: Berntssen MHG, Hoogenveen R, Bernhard A, Lundebye AK, Ørnsrud R, Zeilmaker MJ. Modelling of the feed-to-fillet transfer of ethoxyquin and one of its main metabolites, ethoxyquin dimer, to the fillet of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmon salar L.). Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2019 Jul;36(7):1042-1054. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1605208. Epub 2019 May 7. PMID: 31063084. 2: Bernhard A, Rasinger JD, Wisløff H, Kolbjørnsen Ø, Secher Myrmel L, Berntssen MHG, Lundebye AK, Ørnsrud R, Madsen L. Subchronic dietary exposure to ethoxyquin dimer induces microvesicular steatosis in male BALB/c mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2018 Aug;118:608-625. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.005. Epub 2018 Jun 5. PMID: 29883783. 3: Ørnsrud R, Arukwe A, Bohne V, Pavlikova N, Lundebye AK. Investigations on the metabolism and potentially adverse effects of ethoxyquin dimer, a major metabolite of the synthetic antioxidant ethoxyquin in salmon muscle. J Food Prot. 2011 Sep;74(9):1574-80. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-10-547. PMID: 21902931. 4: EFSA Panel on Additives, Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP); Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos ML, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Fašmon Durjava M, Kouba M, López-Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Finizio A, Teodorovic I, Aquilina G, Bories G, Gropp J, Nebbia C, Tarrés-Call J, Innocenti M. Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of ethoxyquin (6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline) for all animal species (FEFANA asbl). EFSA J. 2022 Mar 3;20(3):e07166. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7166. PMID: 35281649; PMCID: PMC8892239. 5: Rodríguez-Gómez R, Vandeput M, Zafra-Gómez A, Kauffmann JM. Liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection for the determination of ethoxyquin and its dimer in pear skin and salmon samples. Talanta. 2018 Jan 15;177:157-162. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.078. Epub 2017 Aug 26. PMID: 29108570. 6: Bohne VJ, Hove H, Hamre K. Simultaneous quantitative determination of the synthetic antioxidant ethoxyquin and its major metabolite in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L), ethoxyquin dimer, by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J AOAC Int. 2007 Mar- Apr;90(2):587-97. PMID: 17474529. 7: Zhang C, Gai X, Tian Y, Wang J, He D, Yang W, Zhang L, Chen Y. Analysis of ethoxyquin and its oxidation products in swine tissues by gas chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry for evaluating the feed-to-animal tissue transfer of ethoxyquin and its metabolites. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2021 Jan 15;12(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s40104-020-00529-z. PMID: 33446269; PMCID: PMC7809739. 8: Merel S, Regueiro J, Berntssen MHG, Hannisdal R, Ørnsrud R, Negreira N. Identification of ethoxyquin and its transformation products in salmon after controlled dietary exposure via fish feed. Food Chem. 2019 Aug 15;289:259-268. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.054. Epub 2019 Mar 12. PMID: 30955610. 9: Lundebye AK, Hove H, Måge A, Bohne VJ, Hamre K. Levels of synthetic antioxidants (ethoxyquin, butylated hydroxytoluene and butylated hydroxyanisole) in fish feed and commercially farmed fish. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2010 Dec;27(12):1652-7. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2010.508195. PMID: 20931417. 10: Berdikova Bohne VJ, Hamre K, Arukwe A. Hepatic metabolism, phase I and II biotransformation enzymes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo Salar, L) during a 12 week feeding period with graded levels of the synthetic antioxidant, ethoxyquin. Food Chem Toxicol. 2007 May;45(5):733-46. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.10.020. Epub 2006 Nov 10. PMID: 17150295. 11: Bohne VJ, Lundebye AK, Hamre K. Accumulation and depuration of the synthetic antioxidant ethoxyquin in the muscle of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 May;46(5):1834-43. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.01.028. Epub 2008 Jan 26. PMID: 18329775. 12: Berdikova Bohne VJ, Hamre K, Arukwe A. Hepatic biotransformation and metabolite profile during a 2-week depuration period in Atlantic salmon fed graded levels of the synthetic antioxidant, ethoxyquin. Toxicol Sci. 2006 Sep;93(1):11-21. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfl044. Epub 2006 Jun 21. PMID: 16790489. 13: Picó Y, la Farré M, Segarra R, Barceló D. Profiling of compounds and degradation products from the postharvest treatment of pears and apples by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Talanta. 2010 Apr 15;81(1-2):281-93. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.11.070. Epub 2009 Dec 5. PMID: 20188921.