Synonym
Nepodin, Musizin; NSC 365795; NSC365795; NSC-365795
IUPAC/Chemical Name
1-(1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-naphthalenyl)-ethanone
InChi Key
DMLHPCALHMPJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C13H12O3/c1-7-6-9-4-3-5-10(15)12(9)13(16)11(7)8(2)14/h3-6,15-16H,1-2H3
SMILES Code
CC(C1=C(C)C=C2C=CC=C(O)C2=C1O)=O
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>3 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Biological target:
Nepodin (Musizin) is a quinone oxidoreductase (PfNDH2) inhibitor.
In vitro activity:
Nepodin effectively inhibited C. albicans biofilm formation without affecting its planktonic cell growth. Also, Rumex-root extract and nepodin both inhibited hyphal growth and cell aggregation of C. albicans. Interestingly, nepodin also showed antibiofilm activities against Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii strains and against dual biofilms of C. albicans and S. aureus or A. baumannii but not against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Reference: ACS Infect Dis. 2019 Jul 12;5(7):1177-1187. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31055910/
In vivo activity:
In in vivo study, nepodin suppressed the increases in fasting blood glucose levels and improved the glucose intolerance of C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice, a type 2 diabetic animal model. Nepodin rescued the impaired phosphorylation of AMPK in the skeletal muscle of db/db mice.
Reference: Biofactors. 2014 Jul-Aug;40(4):436-47. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24756979/
|
Solvent |
mg/mL |
mM |
| Solubility |
| DMSO |
125.0 |
578.07 |
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.
Preparing Stock Solutions
The following data is based on the
product
molecular weight
216.24
Batch specific molecular weights may vary
from batch to batch
due to the degree of hydration, which will
affect the solvent
volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass |
1 mg |
5 mg |
10 mg |
| 1 mM |
1.15 mL |
5.76 mL |
11.51 mL |
| 5 mM |
0.23 mL |
1.15 mL |
2.3 mL |
| 10 mM |
0.12 mL |
0.58 mL |
1.15 mL |
| 50 mM |
0.02 mL |
0.12 mL |
0.23 mL |
Formulation protocol:
1. Lee JH, Kim YG, Khadke SK, Yamano A, Watanabe A, Lee J. Inhibition of Biofilm Formation by Candida albicans and Polymicrobial Microorganisms by Nepodin via Hyphal-Growth Suppression. ACS Infect Dis. 2019 Jul 12;5(7):1177-1187. doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00033. Epub 2019 May 10. Erratum in: ACS Infect Dis. 2020 May 8;6(5):1283. PMID: 31055910.
2. Tharsius Raja WR, Antony S, Pachaiyappan S, Amalraj J, Narasimhan P, Keduki B, Veeramuthu D, Perumal P, Savarimuthu I. Antibacterial Activity study of Musizin isolated from Rhamnus wightii Wight and Arn. Bioinformation. 2018 Dec 21;14(9):511-520. doi: 10.6026/97320630014511. PMID: 31223211; PMCID: PMC6563663.
3. Ha BG, Yonezawa T, Son MJ, Woo JT, Ohba S, Chung UI, Yagasaki K. Antidiabetic effect of nepodin, a component of Rumex roots, and its modes of action in vitro and in vivo. Biofactors. 2014 Jul-Aug;40(4):436-47. doi: 10.1002/biof.1165. Epub 2014 Apr 23. PMID: 24756979.
4. Lee KH, Rhee KH. Antimalarial activity of nepodin isolated from Rumex crispus. Arch Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;36(4):430-5. doi: 10.1007/s12272-013-0055-0. Epub 2013 Feb 26. PMID: 23440579.
In vitro protocol:
1. Lee JH, Kim YG, Khadke SK, Yamano A, Watanabe A, Lee J. Inhibition of Biofilm Formation by Candida albicans and Polymicrobial Microorganisms by Nepodin via Hyphal-Growth Suppression. ACS Infect Dis. 2019 Jul 12;5(7):1177-1187. doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00033. Epub 2019 May 10. Erratum in: ACS Infect Dis. 2020 May 8;6(5):1283. PMID: 31055910.
2. Tharsius Raja WR, Antony S, Pachaiyappan S, Amalraj J, Narasimhan P, Keduki B, Veeramuthu D, Perumal P, Savarimuthu I. Antibacterial Activity study of Musizin isolated from Rhamnus wightii Wight and Arn. Bioinformation. 2018 Dec 21;14(9):511-520. doi: 10.6026/97320630014511. PMID: 31223211; PMCID: PMC6563663.
In vivo protocol:
1. Ha BG, Yonezawa T, Son MJ, Woo JT, Ohba S, Chung UI, Yagasaki K. Antidiabetic effect of nepodin, a component of Rumex roots, and its modes of action in vitro and in vivo. Biofactors. 2014 Jul-Aug;40(4):436-47. doi: 10.1002/biof.1165. Epub 2014 Apr 23. PMID: 24756979.
2. Lee KH, Rhee KH. Antimalarial activity of nepodin isolated from Rumex crispus. Arch Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;36(4):430-5. doi: 10.1007/s12272-013-0055-0. Epub 2013 Feb 26. PMID: 23440579.
1. Lee, J.H., Kim, Y.G., Khadke, S.K., et al. Inhibition of biofilm formation by Candida albicans and polymicrobial microorganisms by nepodin via hyphal-growth suppression. ACS Infect. Dis. 5(7), 1177-1187 (2019).
2. Grover, J., Kumar, V., Singh, V., et al. Synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular docking and theoretical evaluation of ADMET properties of nepodin and chrysophanol derivatives as potential cyclooxygenase (COX-1, COX-2) inhibitors. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 80, 47-56 (2014)
3. Ha, B.G., Yonezawa, T., Son, M.J., et al. Antidiabetic effect of nepodin, a component of Rumex roots, and its modes of action in vitro and in vivo. Biofactors 40(4), 436-447 (2014).
4. Lee, K.H., and Rhee, K.H. Antimalarial activity of nepodin isolated from Rumex crispus. Arch. Pharm. Res. 36(4), 430-435 (2013)
