JC 1 | CAS#3520-43-2 | probe

MedKoo Cat#: 584804 | Name: JC 1

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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

JC 1 can be used in a probe for measuring mitochondrial membrane potential by flow cytometry.

Chemical Structure

JC 1

CAS#3520-43-2

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 584804

Name: JC 1

CAS#: 3520-43-2

Chemical Formula: C25H27Cl4IN4

Exact Mass: 650.0035

Molecular Weight: 652.22

Elemental Analysis: C, 46.04; H, 4.17; Cl, 21.74; I, 19.46; N, 8.59

Price and Availability

Size	Price	Availability
5mg	USD 400.00	2 Weeks
10mg	USD 750.00	2 Weeks
1g	USD 5,650.00	2 Weeks

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Synonym

JC 1; JC-1; JC1

IUPAC/Chemical Name

1H-Benzimidazolium, 5,6-dichloro-2-(3-(5,6-dichloro-1,3-diethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-ylidene)-1-propenyl)-1,3-diethyl-, iodide

InChi Key

FYNNIUVBDKICAX-UHFFFAOYSA-M

InChi Code

InChI=1S/C25H27Cl4N4.HI/c1-5-30-20-12-16(26)17(27)13-21(20)31(6-2)24(30)10-9-11-25-32(7-3)22-14-18(28)19(29)15-23(22)33(25)8-4;/h9-15H,5-8H2,1-4H3;1H/q+1;/p-1

SMILES Code

CC[N+]1=C(/C=C/C=C2N(CC)C3=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C3N\2CC)N(CC)C4=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C14.[I-]

Appearance

Solid powder

Purity

>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition

Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition

Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility

Soluble in DMSO

Shelf Life

>3 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation

This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage

0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code

2934.99.9001

More Info

Product Data

Product Data

Instruction

View handling instruction

Biological target:

JC-1 (CBIC2) is a fluorescent lipophilic carbocyanine dye used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential.

In vitro activity:

JC-1 can be used to assess the ΔΨM both in intact isolated mitochondria and tissues. In fact, the JC-1 dye is a lipophilic, cationic dye (naturally exhibiting green fluorescence) which is able to enter into the mitochondria where it accumulates and (in a concentration-dependent manner) starts forming reversible complexes called J aggregates. Reference: Bio Protoc. 2019 Jan 5;9(1):e3128. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30687773/

In vivo activity:

Additionally, this study used the dye JC-1 to measure the changes in mitochondrial transmembrane potential that accompany the damage. This study found that SYBR-14 plus 7-amino actinomycin D was a useful method for quantifying apoptosis, particularly when another dye, such as JC-1, was used simultaneously. Reference: Cytometry A. 2004 Sep;61(1):56-61. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15351989/

	Solvent	mg/mL	mM
Solubility
	DMF	3.0	4.60
	DMSO	13.0	19.93

Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 652.22 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	1.15 mL	5.76 mL	11.51 mL
5 mM	0.23 mL	1.15 mL	2.3 mL
10 mM	0.12 mL	0.58 mL	1.15 mL
50 mM	0.02 mL	0.12 mL	0.23 mL

Formulation protocol:

1. Sivandzade F, Bhalerao A, Cucullo L. Analysis of the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Using the Cationic JC-1 Dye as a Sensitive Fluorescent Probe. Bio Protoc. 2019 Jan 5;9(1):e3128. doi: 10.21769/BioProtoc.3128. PMID: 30687773; PMCID: PMC6343665. 2. Marcondes NA, Terra SR, Lasta CS, Hlavac NRC, Dalmolin ML, Lacerda LA, Faulhaber GAM, González FHD. Comparison of JC-1 and MitoTracker probes for mitochondrial viability assessment in stored canine platelet concentrates: A flow cytometry study. Cytometry A. 2019 Feb;95(2):214-218. doi: 10.1002/cyto.a.23567. Epub 2018 Aug 14. PMID: 30107098. 3. Nunez R, Murphy TF, Huang HF, Barton BE. Use of SYBR14, 7-amino-actinomycin D, and JC-1 in assessing sperm damage from rats with spinal cord injury. Cytometry A. 2004 Sep;61(1):56-61. doi: 10.1002/cyto.a.20062. PMID: 15351989.

In vitro protocol:

In vivo protocol:

1. Nunez R, Murphy TF, Huang HF, Barton BE. Use of SYBR14, 7-amino-actinomycin D, and JC-1 in assessing sperm damage from rats with spinal cord injury. Cytometry A. 2004 Sep;61(1):56-61. doi: 10.1002/cyto.a.20062. PMID: 15351989.

1: De Biasi S, Gibellini L, Cossarizza A. Uncompensated Polychromatic Analysis of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Using JC-1 and Multilaser Excitation. Curr Protoc Cytom. 2015 Apr 1;72:7.32.1-11. doi: 10.1002/0471142956.cy0732s72. PubMed PMID: 25827483. 2: Elefantova K, Lakatos B, Kubickova J, Sulova Z, Breier A. Detection of the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential by the Cationic Dye JC-1 in L1210 Cells with Massive Overexpression of the Plasma Membrane ABCB1 Drug Transporter. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Jul 7;19(7). pii: E1985. doi: 10.3390/ijms19071985. PubMed PMID: 29986516; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6073605. 3: Chazotte B. Labeling mitochondria with JC-1. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2011 Sep 1;2011(9). pii: pdb.prot065490. doi: 10.1101/pdb.prot065490. PubMed PMID: 21880824. 4: Marcondes NA, Terra SR, Lasta CS, Hlavac NRC, Dalmolin ML, Lacerda LA, Faulhaber GAM, González FHD. Comparison of JC-1 and MitoTracker probes for mitochondrial viability assessment in stored canine platelet concentrates: A flow cytometry study. Cytometry A. 2018 Aug 14. doi: 10.1002/cyto.a.23567. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 30107098. 5: Chaoui D, Faussat AM, Majdak P, Tang R, Perrot JY, Pasco S, Klein C, Marie JP, Legrand O. JC-1, a sensitive probe for a simultaneous detection of P-glycoprotein activity and apoptosis in leukemic cells. Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2006 May;70(3):189-96. PubMed PMID: 16568474. 6: Reers M, Smiley ST, Mottola-Hartshorn C, Chen A, Lin M, Chen LB. Mitochondrial membrane potential monitored by JC-1 dye. Methods Enzymol. 1995;260:406-17. PubMed PMID: 8592463. 7: Hu CH, Zhuang XJ, Wei YM, Zhang M, Lu SS, Lu YQ, Yang XG, Lu KH. Comparison of Mitochondrial Function in Boar and Bull Spermatozoa Throughout Cryopreservation Based on JC-1 Staining. Cryo Letters. 2017 Jan/Feb;38(1):75-79. PubMed PMID: 28376143. 8: Cossarizza A, Salvioli S. Flow cytometric analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential using JC-1. Curr Protoc Cytom. 2001 May;Chapter 9:Unit 9.14. doi: 10.1002/0471142956.cy0914s13. PubMed PMID: 18770751. 9: Yokosuka T, Goto H, Fujii H, Naruto T, Takeuchi M, Tanoshima R, Kato H, Yanagimachi M, Kajiwara R, Yokota S. Flow cytometric chemosensitivity assay using JC 1, a sensor of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, in acute leukemia. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2013 Dec;72(6):1335-42. PubMed PMID: 24121478. 10: Gravance CG, Garner DL, Baumber J, Ball BA. Assessment of equine sperm mitochondrial function using JC-1. Theriogenology. 2000 Jun;53(9):1691-703. PubMed PMID: 10968415. 11: Legrand O, Perrot JY, Simonin G, Baudard M, Marie JP. JC-1: a very sensitive fluorescent probe to test Pgp activity in adult acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2001 Jan 15;97(2):502-8. PubMed PMID: 11154229. 12: Lee JH, Lee IH, Choe YJ, Kang S, Kim HY, Gai WP, Hahn JS, Paik SR. Real-time analysis of amyloid fibril formation of alpha-synuclein using a fibrillation-state-specific fluorescent probe of JC-1. Biochem J. 2009 Mar 1;418(2):311-23. doi: 10.1042/BJ20081572. PubMed PMID: 19007333. 13: Sung DK, Chang YS, Kang S, Song HY, Park WS, Lee BH. Comparative evaluation of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury by flow cytometric analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential with JC-1 in neonatal rats. J Neurosci Methods. 2010 Nov 30;193(2):232-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.08.020. Epub 2010 Sep 15. PubMed PMID: 20817028. 14: Zuliani T, Duval R, Jayat C, Schnébert S, André P, Dumas M, Ratinaud MH. Sensitive and reliable JC-1 and TOTO-3 double staining to assess mitochondrial transmembrane potential and plasma membrane integrity: interest for cell death investigations. Cytometry A. 2003 Aug;54(2):100-8. PubMed PMID: 12879456. 15: Kühnel JM, Perrot JY, Faussat AM, Marie JP, Schwaller MA. Functional assay of multidrug resistant cells using JC-1, a carbocyanine fluorescent probe. Leukemia. 1997 Jul;11(7):1147-55. PubMed PMID: 9205004. 16: Salvioli S, Ardizzoni A, Franceschi C, Cossarizza A. JC-1, but not DiOC6(3) or rhodamine 123, is a reliable fluorescent probe to assess delta psi changes in intact cells: implications for studies on mitochondrial functionality during apoptosis. FEBS Lett. 1997 Jul 7;411(1):77-82. PubMed PMID: 9247146. 17: Ellis DZ, Li L, Park Y, He S, Mueller B, Yorio T. Sigma-1 Receptor Regulates Mitochondrial Function in Glucose- and Oxygen-Deprived Retinal Ganglion Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017 May 1;58(5):2755-2764. doi: 10.1167/iovs.16-19199. PubMed PMID: 28549090. 18: Cossarizza A, Baccarani-Contri M, Kalashnikova G, Franceschi C. A new method for the cytofluorimetric analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential using the J-aggregate forming lipophilic cation 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Nov 30;197(1):40-5. PubMed PMID: 8250945. 19: Brooks MM, Neelam S, Fudala R, Gryczynski I, Cammarata PR. Lenticular mitoprotection. Part A: Monitoring mitochondrial depolarization with JC-1 and artifactual fluorescence by the glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitor, SB216763. Mol Vis. 2013 Jun 27;19:1406-12. Print 2013. PubMed PMID: 23825920; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3695757. 20: Garner DL, Thomas CA. Organelle-specific probe JC-1 identifies membrane potential differences in the mitochondrial function of bovine sperm. Mol Reprod Dev. 1999 Jun;53(2):222-9. PubMed PMID: 10331460.