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MedKoo Cat#: 558605 | Name: Meldonium dihydrate
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Meldonium is a structural analog of gamma-butyrobetaine used to treat coronary artery disease

Chemical Structure

Meldonium dihydrate
Meldonium dihydrate
CAS#86426-17-7 (dihydrate)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 558605

Name: Meldonium dihydrate

CAS#: 86426-17-7 (dihydrate)

Chemical Formula: C6H18N2O4

Exact Mass: 0.0000

Molecular Weight: 182.22

Elemental Analysis: C, 39.55; H, 9.96; N, 15.37; O, 35.12

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
500mg USD 90.00 Ready to ship
1g USD 150.00 Ready to ship
2g USD 250.00 Ready to ship
5g USD 550.00 Ready to ship
10g USD 950.00 Ready to ship
50g USD 2,950.00 Ready to ship
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Related CAS #
86426-17-7 (dihydrate) 76144-81-5 (free) 1608503-17-8 (hydrate) 839675-63-7 (phoshate) 839675-65-9 (fumarate)
Synonym
Meldonium; Kvaterin; Mildronate; Quaterin; Hydrinol; Idrinol; MET 88; Vasonat;
IUPAC/Chemical Name
3-(1,1,1-trimethylhydrazin-1-ium-2-yl)propanoate dihydrate
InChi Key
JFWLFLLRLZSBRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C6H14N2O2.2H2O/c1-8(2,3)7-5-4-6(9)10;;/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3;2*1H2
SMILES Code
O=C(CCN[N+](C)(C)C)[O-].[H]O[H].[H]O[H]
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>3 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.03.00
More Info
Biological target:
Mildronate (Meldonium, MET-88, Quaterin) is an inhibitor of biosynthesis of L-carnitine by gamma-butyrobetaine (GBB) hydroxylase and as a competitive inhibitor of renal carnitine reabsorption.
In vitro activity:
The effect of meldonium was assessed on immortalized striatal cell lines expressing wild-type (STHdhQ7/7) or mutant full-length huntingtin protein. As reported in Figure 1a,b a concentration of meldonium ranging from 25 to 100 µM did not affect cell viability in both striatal cell lines. The mHtt bearing 111 glutamines in the N-terminal domain (Q111/Q111) can promote neuronal cell death depending on the culture conditions. In Figure 1c, we demonstrate that Q111/Q111 expression caused cytotoxicity under serum-deprived conditions, while STHdhQ7/7 cells were resistant to serum deprivation. The effect of meldonium on striatal cells after serum deprivation was examined at different concentrations and time. The STHdhQ111/Q111 cell viability following serum deprivation was improved by meldonium (Figure 1d,e). Since researchers have demonstrated that both soluble forms of mHtt aggregates and insoluble mHtt deposits engender neurotoxicity, experiments were carried out to test the hypothesis that meldonium can affect STHdhQ111/111 cell viability via a reduction of mHtt aggregates. Interestingly, western blot analysis demonstrated that 50 μM meldonium significantly diminished (p < 0.01) the high molecular weight of mHtt aggregates in the STHdhQ111/111 cell line (Figure 2). This supports the idea that meldonium’s protective role could be related to an ability to modulate mHtt aggregation or degradation. Reference: J Cell Physiol. 2019 Jun;234(6):9233-9246. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.27602
In vivo activity:
Meldonium is an anti-ischemic agent that shifts energy production from fatty acid oxidation to less oxygen-consuming glycolysis. The effects of a four-week meldonium pre-treatment (300 mg/kg b.m./day) on acute renal I/R was investigated in male rats (Wistar strain). The results showed that meldonium decreased animal body mass gain, food and water intake, and carnitine, glucose, and lactic acid kidney content. In kidneys of animals subjected to I/R, meldonium increased phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 and protein kinase B, and increased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and haeme oxygenase 1, causing manganese superoxide dismutase expression and activity to increase, as well as lipid peroxidation, cooper-zinc superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities to decrease. By decreasing the kidney Bax/Bcl2 expression ratio and kidney and serum high mobility group box 1 protein content, meldonium reduced apoptotic and necrotic events in I/R, as confirmed by kidney histology. Meldonium increased adrenal noradrenaline content and serum, adrenal, hepatic, and renal ascorbic/dehydroascorbic acid ratio, which caused complex changes in renal lipidomics. Taken together, the results have confirmed that meldonium pre-treatment protects against I/R-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis/necrosis. Reference: Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Nov 15;20(22):5747. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/31731785/
Solvent mg/mL mM
Solubility
Water 29.0 197.02
Ethanol 29.0 197.02
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 182.22 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
In vitro protocol:
1. Di Cristo F, Finicelli M, Digilio FA, Paladino S, Valentino A, Scialò F, D'Apolito M, Saturnino C, Galderisi U, Giordano A, Melone MAB, Peluso G. Meldonium improves Huntington's disease mitochondrial dysfunction by restoring peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α expression. J Cell Physiol. 2019 Jun;234(6):9233-9246. doi: 10.1002/jcp.27602. Epub 2018 Oct 26. PMID: 30362565.
In vivo protocol:
1. Đurašević S, Stojković M, Bogdanović L, Pavlović S, Borković-Mitić S, Grigorov I, Bogojević D, Jasnić N, Tosti T, Đurović S, Đorđević J, Todorović Z. The Effects of Meldonium on the Renal Acute Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Nov 15;20(22):5747. doi: 10.3390/ijms20225747. PMID: 31731785; PMCID: PMC6888683. 2. Liepinsh E, Vilskersts R, Skapare E, Svalbe B, Kuka J, Cirule H, Pugovics O, Kalvinsh I, Dambrova M. Mildronate decreases carnitine availability and up-regulates glucose uptake and related gene expression in the mouse heart. Life Sci. 2008 Oct 24;83(17-18):613-9. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.08.008. Epub 2008 Sep 3. PMID: 18801379.
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