Synonym
Dexamisole; d-Tetramisole; d Tetramisole
IUPAC/Chemical Name
(S)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole
InChi Key
HLFSDGLLUJUHTE-SNVBAGLBSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C11H12N2S/c1-2-4-9(5-3-1)10-8-13-6-7-14-11(13)12-10/h1-5,10H,6-8H2/t10-/m1/s1
SMILES Code
C12=N[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)CN1CCS2
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>3 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.03.00
Preparing Stock Solutions
The following data is based on the
product
molecular weight
204.29
Batch specific molecular weights may vary
from batch to batch
due to the degree of hydration, which will
affect the solvent
volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass |
1 mg |
5 mg |
10 mg |
1 mM |
1.15 mL |
5.76 mL |
11.51 mL |
5 mM |
0.23 mL |
1.15 mL |
2.3 mL |
10 mM |
0.12 mL |
0.58 mL |
1.15 mL |
50 mM |
0.02 mL |
0.12 mL |
0.23 mL |
1: Bertucci C, Tedesco D, Fabini E, Di Pietra AM, Rossi F, Garagnani M, Del Borrello E, Andrisano V. Determination of levamisole and tetramisole in seized cocaine samples by enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography and circular dichroism detection. J Chromatogr A. 2014 Oct 10;1363:150-4. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.069. Epub 2014 Jul 29. PubMed PMID: 25124228.
2: Casale JF, Colley VL, Legatt DF. Determination of phenyltetrahydroimidazothiazole enantiomers (Levamisole/Dexamisole) in illicit cocaine seizures and in the urine of cocaine abusers via chiral capillary gas chromatography-flame-ionization detection: clinical and forensic perspectives. J Anal Toxicol. 2012 Mar;36(2):130-5. doi: 10.1093/jat/bkr025. PubMed PMID: 22337783.
3: Dolezalová M, Tkaczyková M. LC determination of the enantiomeric purity of levamisole using stationary phase with bonded naphthylethylcarbamoylated-beta-cyclodextrin. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2001 Jun;25(3-4):407-15. PubMed PMID: 11377020.
4: Anagnostou F, Plas C, Nefussi JR, Forest N. Role of beta-GP-derived Pi in mineralization via ecto-alkaline phosphatase in cultured fetal calvaria cells. J Cell Biochem. 1996 Aug;62(2):262-74. PubMed PMID: 8844406.
5: Anagnostou F, Plas C, Forest N. Ecto-alkaline phosphatase considered as levamisole-sensitive phosphohydrolase at physiological pH range during mineralization in cultured fetal calvaria cells. J Cell Biochem. 1996 Mar 15;60(4):484-94. PubMed PMID: 8707888.
6: Bellows CG, Aubin JE, Heersche JN. Initiation and progression of mineralization of bone nodules formed in vitro: the role of alkaline phosphatase and organic phosphate. Bone Miner. 1991 Jul;14(1):27-40. PubMed PMID: 1868267.
7: Granström G, Magnusson BC. Changes in alkaline-phosphatase isoenzymes of hard tissue origin during facial development in the rat. Arch Oral Biol. 1986;31(8):513-9. PubMed PMID: 3467674.
8: Lerner U, Granström G. Effect of levamisole on bone resorption in cultured mouse calvaria. Eur J Pharmacol. 1984 Oct 1;105(1-2):1-14. PubMed PMID: 6092109.
9: Adaikan PG, Zaman V. In vitro activity of anthelmintic drugs and biologically active substances on Breinlia booliati. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1982 Jun;13(2):257-61. PubMed PMID: 7147006.
10: Fallon MD, Whyte MP, Teitelbaum SL. Stereospecific inhibition of alkaline phosphatase by L-tetramisole prevents in vitro cartilage calcification. Lab Invest. 1980 Dec;43(6):489-94. PubMed PMID: 6449630.
11: Przegaliński E, Bigajska K, Siwanowicz J. Psychopharmacological profile of dexamisole. Pol J Pharmacol Pharm. 1980 Jan-Feb;32(1):21-9. PubMed PMID: 7454609.
12: Hozumi T, Iwaguchi T, Kitagawa H, Ozawa H. Anticancer activity of isomers of 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole. Gan. 1978 Jun;69(3):339-43. PubMed PMID: 669135.
13: Van Wauwe J, Van Nijen G. Effect of levamisole on autologous rosette-forming cells in nude mice. Clin Exp Immunol. 1977 Dec;30(3):465-8. PubMed PMID: 304789; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1541137.
14: Vanhoutte PM, Van Nueten JM, Verbeuren TJ, Laduron PM. Differential effects of the isomers of tetramisole on adrenergic neurotransmission in cutaneous veins of dog. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1977 Jan;200(1):127-40. PubMed PMID: 189006.