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MedKoo Cat#: 558371 | Name: Muscone
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Muscone is an inhibitor of the fas pathway. Muscone is a main chemical ingredient in Musk which is main crude drug in Tongqiaohuoxue decoction (TQHXD), and TQHXD has a protective effect on damaged neurons.

Chemical Structure

Muscone
Muscone
CAS#541-91-3

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 558371

Name: Muscone

CAS#: 541-91-3

Chemical Formula: C16H30O

Exact Mass: 238.2297

Molecular Weight: 238.42

Elemental Analysis: C, 80.61; H, 12.68; O, 6.71

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
50mg USD 215.00
100mg USD 340.00
500mg USD 680.00
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No Data
Synonym
Muscone;
IUPAC/Chemical Name
3-Methylcyclopentadecanone
InChi Key
ALHUZKCOMYUFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C16H30O/c1-15-12-10-8-6-4-2-3-5-7-9-11-13-16(17)14-15/h15H,2-14H2,1H3
SMILES Code
O=C1CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCC1
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>3 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.03.00
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Muscone inhibits NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
In vitro activity:
This study demonstrated that pretreatment with muscone in PC12 cells markedly ameliorated the loss of cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Ca(2+) overload, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and cell apoptosis induced by glutamate. Furthermore, muscone also decreased NR1 (NMDA receptor subunit 1) protein expression, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression and prevented activitation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (CaMKII) and ASK1/JNK/p38 signaling pathways elicited by glutamate in PC12 cells. Reference: Neurochem Int. 2014 May;70:10-21. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24636892/
In vivo activity:
This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of muscone on myocardial infarction by establishing a MI model in mice. Muscone remarkably decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6), and ultimately improved cardiac function and survival rate. Furthermore, the main anti-inflammatory effect of muscone was alleviating cardiac macrophage-mediated inflammatory response in heart tissues after MI. Reference: Am J Transl Res. 2018 Dec 15;10(12):4235-4246. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30662666/
Solvent mg/mL mM
Solubility
DMF 30.0 125.83
DMSO 65.0 272.63
Ethanol 30.0 125.83
Ethanol:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:2) 0.3 1.26
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 238.42 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
Liu S, Cheng Y, Rao M, Tang M, Dong Z. Muscone Induces CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 Enzyme Expression in L02 Human Liver Cells and CYP1A2 and CYP3A11 Enzyme Expression in Kunming Mice. Pharmacology. 2017;99(5-6):205-215. doi: 10.1159/000455154. Epub 2017 Jan 21. PMID: 28110334. 3. Liu F, Cao L, Hu S, Ye H, Wu Q, Wu L. Muscone promotes functional recovery by facilitating microglia polarization into M2 phenotype through PPAR-γ pathway after ischemic stroke. Cell Immunol. 2023 Mar 5;386:104704. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104704. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36921554. 4. Du Y, Gu X, Meng H, Aa N, Liu S, Peng C, Ge Y, Yang Z. Muscone improves cardiac function in mice after myocardial infarction by alleviating cardiac macrophage-mediated chronic inflammation through inhibition of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome. Am J Transl Res. 2018 Dec 15;10(12):4235-4246. PMID: 30662666; PMCID: PMC6325512.
In vitro protocol:
Liu S, Cheng Y, Rao M, Tang M, Dong Z. Muscone Induces CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 Enzyme Expression in L02 Human Liver Cells and CYP1A2 and CYP3A11 Enzyme Expression in Kunming Mice. Pharmacology. 2017;99(5-6):205-215. doi: 10.1159/000455154. Epub 2017 Jan 21. PMID: 28110334.
In vivo protocol:
1. Liu F, Cao L, Hu S, Ye H, Wu Q, Wu L. Muscone promotes functional recovery by facilitating microglia polarization into M2 phenotype through PPAR-γ pathway after ischemic stroke. Cell Immunol. 2023 Mar 5;386:104704. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104704. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36921554. 2. Du Y, Gu X, Meng H, Aa N, Liu S, Peng C, Ge Y, Yang Z. Muscone improves cardiac function in mice after myocardial infarction by alleviating cardiac macrophage-mediated chronic inflammation through inhibition of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome. Am J Transl Res. 2018 Dec 15;10(12):4235-4246. PMID: 30662666; PMCID: PMC6325512.
1: Wang GY, Wang N, Liao HN. Effects of Muscone on the Expression of P-gp, MMP-9 on Blood-Brain Barrier Model In Vitro. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2015 Nov;35(8):1105-15. doi: 10.1007/s10571-015-0204-8. Epub 2015 May 15. PubMed PMID: 25976179. 2: Wang X, Meng H, Chen P, Yang N, Lu X, Wang ZM, Gao W, Zhou N, Zhang M, Xu Z, Chen B, Tao Z, Wang L, Yang Z, Zhu T. Beneficial effects of muscone on cardiac remodeling in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. Int J Mol Med. 2014 Jul;34(1):103-11. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1766. Epub 2014 May 2. PubMed PMID: 24807380; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4072338. 3: Chen ZZ, Du SY, Lu Y, Xu P, Yang B, Liu HM. [Mechanism research of aromatics borneol and muscone]. Zhong Yao Cai. 2014 Mar;37(3):460-4. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 25174113. 4: Meng Y, Xiao Q, Bai JY, Xiao X, Zhang S, Zhu XY, Cheng GF, Yin DL. Resolution and chiral recognition of muscone as well as actions on neural system. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2014 Dec;16(12):1166-70. doi: 10.1080/10286020.2014.996141. Epub 2015 Jan 6. PubMed PMID: 25559500. 5: Kailiang Z, Yihui Z, Dingsheng L, Xianyao T. Effects of Muscone on Random Skin Flap Survival in Rats. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2016 Mar;32(3):200-7. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1565264. Epub 2015 Oct 16. PubMed PMID: 26473795. 6: Chen Z, Gong X, Lu Y, Du S, Yang Z, Bai J, Li P, Wu H. Enhancing effect of borneol and muscone on geniposide transport across the human nasal epithelial cell monolayer. PLoS One. 2014 Jul 3;9(7):e101414. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101414. eCollection 2014. PubMed PMID: 24992195; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4081582. 7: Yu L, Wang N, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Li J, Wu Q, Liu Y. Neuroprotective effect of muscone on glutamate-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells via antioxidant and Ca(2+) antagonism. Neurochem Int. 2014 May;70:10-21. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.03.003. Epub 2014 Mar 15. PubMed PMID: 24636892. 8: Liu P, Feng Y, Dong C, Yang D, Li B, Chen X, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Zhao L. Administration of BMSCs with muscone in rats with gentamicin-induced AKI improves their therapeutic efficacy. PLoS One. 2014 May 13;9(5):e97123. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097123. eCollection 2014. PubMed PMID: 24824427; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4019657. 9: Wang G, Nie Q, Zang C, Zhang B, Zhu Q, Luo G, Wang S. Self-Assembled Thermoresponsive Nanogels Prepared by Reverse Micelle → Positive Micelle Method for Ophthalmic Delivery of Muscone, a Poorly Water-Soluble Drug. J Pharm Sci. 2016 Sep;105(9):2752-2759. doi: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.02.014. Epub 2016 Mar 31. PubMed PMID: 27041413. 10: McClintock TS, Adipietro K, Titlow WB, Breheny P, Walz A, Mombaerts P, Matsunami H. In vivo identification of eugenol-responsive and muscone-responsive mouse odorant receptors. J Neurosci. 2014 Nov 19;34(47):15669-78. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3625-14.2014. PubMed PMID: 25411495; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4236398. 11: Jiang T, Huang LF, Zhou SJ, Cui JJ, Ye Q. [Brain Protection of Muscone in Rats with Brain Injury]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2016 Jun;36(6):724-8. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 27491233. 12: Liu D, Wang KM, Xiao X, Lun LJ, Zhang S. Determination of the content of residual solvents in muscone by head-space gas chromatography. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 2014 Dec;36(6):606-9. doi: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.2014.06.008. PubMed PMID: 25556732. 13: Wei G, Chen DF, Lai XP, Liu DH, Deng RD, Zhou JH, Zhang SX, Li YW, Li H, Zhang QD. Muscone exerts neuroprotection in an experimental model of stroke via inhibition of the fas pathway. Nat Prod Commun. 2012 Aug;7(8):1069-74. PubMed PMID: 22978231. 14: Zou L, Lin J, Wang Z, Xu L, Wang P, Zhao G, Luo J. [Determination method of muscone in rat intestinal perfusate by GC-MS/MS and its intestinal absorption kinetic characteristics in rats]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2012 Aug;37(16):2456-60. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 23234149. 15: Wang N, Chang GJ, Jin QZ, He Q, Liu JS, Peng DY. [Analysis of muscone from serum and cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits after intragastric administration of tongqiao huoxue granules]. Zhong Yao Cai. 2012 Aug;35(8):1291-4. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 23320364. 16: Zou L, Lin JZ, Hu HL, Wang Y, Wang P, Zhao G, Wang ZG. [Effect of borneol on intestinal absorption of muscone in rats]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2012 Nov;37(22):3490-3. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 23373228. 17: Shirasu M, Yoshikawa K, Takai Y, Nakashima A, Takeuchi H, Sakano H, Touhara K. Olfactory receptor and neural pathway responsible for highly selective sensing of musk odors. Neuron. 2014 Jan 8;81(1):165-78. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.021. Epub 2013 Dec 19. PubMed PMID: 24361078. 18: Jin C, Yan C, Luo Y, Li B, He J, Xiao X. Fast and direct quantification of underivatized muscone by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection. J Sep Sci. 2013 Jun;36(11):1762-7. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201200946. Epub 2013 Apr 27. PubMed PMID: 23520031. 19: Chen ZZ, Lu Y, Du SY, Shang KX, Cai CB. Influence of borneol and muscone on geniposide transport through MDCK and MDCK-MDR1 cells as blood-brain barrier in vitro model. Int J Pharm. 2013 Nov 1;456(1):73-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.08.017. Epub 2013 Aug 21. PubMed PMID: 23973509. 20: Wu Q, Li H, Wu Y, Shen W, Zeng L, Cheng H, He L. Protective effects of muscone on ischemia-reperfusion injury in cardiac myocytes. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 Oct 31;138(1):34-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.009. Epub 2011 Aug 11. PubMed PMID: 21856397.