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MedKoo Cat#: 597278 | Name: Phenylacetylglutamine
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Phenylacetylglutamine is used as biomarker for metabolic age.

Chemical Structure

Phenylacetylglutamine
Phenylacetylglutamine
CAS#28047-15-6 (free acid)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 597278

Name: Phenylacetylglutamine

CAS#: 28047-15-6 (free acid)

Chemical Formula: C13H16N2O4

Exact Mass: 264.1110

Molecular Weight: 264.28

Elemental Analysis: C, 59.08; H, 6.10; N, 10.60; O, 24.22

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
5g USD 250.00 2 Weeks
10g USD 400.00 2 Weeks
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Related CAS #
104771-87-1 (sodium) 28047-15-6 (free acid)
Synonym
Phenylacetylglutamine; NSC 203800; NSC-203800; NSC203800 PA-L-Glutamine;
IUPAC/Chemical Name
(2-phenylacetyl)-L-glutamine
InChi Key
JFLIEFSWGNOPJJ-JTQLQIEISA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C13H16N2O4/c14-11(16)7-6-10(13(18)19)15-12(17)8-9-4-2-1-3-5-9/h1-5,10H,6-8H2,(H2,14,16)(H,15,17)(H,18,19)/t10-/m0/s1
SMILES Code
O=C(N)CC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)=O
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>3 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.03.00
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Phenylacetylglutamine is a colonic microbial metabolite from amino acid fermentation.
In vitro activity:
TBD
In vivo activity:
Thoracic aortic coarctation (TAC) was used to construct an animal model of HF in mice. Intraperitoneal injection of PAGln (phenylacetylglutamine) for 4 weeks intervened in HF mice. PAGln promoted the activation of cardiac inflammation and fibrosis and deteriorated cardiac function in HF mice. Moreover, PAGln extended APD90, shortened the ERP/APD90 and increased the incidence of VAs following HF in isolated heart perfusion. Mechanistically, PAGln significantly enhanced the activation of the TLR4/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Reference: Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Mar;116:109795. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36736224/
Solvent mg/mL mM comments
Solubility
DMF 30.0 113.52
DMSO 60.7 229.55
Ethanol 10.0 37.84
PBS (pH 7.2) 2.0 7.57
Water 25.0 94.60
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 264.28 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Fu H, Kong B, Zhu J, Huang H, Shuai W. Phenylacetylglutamine increases the susceptibility of ventricular arrhythmias in heart failure mice by exacerbated activation of the TLR4/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Mar;116:109795. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109795. Epub 2023 Feb 1. PMID: 36736224. 2. Wang X, Jiang CM, Wan HY, Wu JL, Quan WQ, Bals R, Wu KY, Li D. CDA-2, a urinary preparation, inhibits lung cancer development through the suppression of NF-kappaB activation in myeloid cell. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e52117. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052117. Epub 2012 Dec 17. PMID: 23284890; PMCID: PMC3524164.
In vitro protocol:
TBD
In vivo protocol:
1. Fu H, Kong B, Zhu J, Huang H, Shuai W. Phenylacetylglutamine increases the susceptibility of ventricular arrhythmias in heart failure mice by exacerbated activation of the TLR4/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Mar;116:109795. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109795. Epub 2023 Feb 1. PMID: 36736224. 2. Wang X, Jiang CM, Wan HY, Wu JL, Quan WQ, Bals R, Wu KY, Li D. CDA-2, a urinary preparation, inhibits lung cancer development through the suppression of NF-kappaB activation in myeloid cell. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e52117. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052117. Epub 2012 Dec 17. PMID: 23284890; PMCID: PMC3524164.
1: Mair RD, Sirich TL, Meyer TW. Uremic Toxin Clearance and Cardiovascular Toxicities. Toxins (Basel). 2018 Jun 2;10(6). pii: E226. doi: 10.3390/toxins10060226. Review. PubMed PMID: 29865226. 2: Menni C, Lin C, Cecelja M, Mangino M, Matey-Hernandez ML, Keehn L, Mohney RP, Steves CJ, Spector TD, Kuo CF, Chowienczyk P, Valdes AM. Gut microbial diversity is associated with lower arterial stiffness in women. Eur Heart J. 2018 May 9. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy226. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29750272. 3: Leong SC, Sao JN, Taussig A, Plummer NS, Meyer TW, Sirich TL. Residual Function Effectively Controls Plasma Concentrations of Secreted Solutes in Patients on Twice Weekly Hemodialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018 May 4. pii: ASN.2018010081. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2018010081. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29728422. 4: Bogiatzi C, Gloor G, Allen-Vercoe E, Reid G, Wong RG, Urquhart BL, Dinculescu V, Ruetz KN, Velenosi TJ, Pignanelli M, Spence JD. Metabolic products of the intestinal microbiome and extremes of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 2018 Jun;273:91-97. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.04.015. Epub 2018 Apr 17. PubMed PMID: 29702430. 5: Urpi-Sarda M, Almanza-Aguilera E, Llorach R, Vázquez-Fresno R, Estruch R, Corella D, Sorli JV, Carmona F, Sanchez-Pla A, Salas-Salvadó J, Andres-Lacueva C. Non-targeted metabolomic biomarkers and metabotypes of type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study of PREDIMED trial participants. Diabetes Metab. 2018 Feb 20. pii: S1262-3636(18)30046-6. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2018.02.006. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29555466. 6: Loo RL, Zou X, Appel LJ, Nicholson JK, Holmes E. Characterization of metabolic responses to healthy diets and association with blood pressure: application to the Optimal Macronutrient Intake Trial for Heart Health (OmniHeart), a randomized controlled study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018 Mar 1;107(3):323-334. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqx072. PubMed PMID: 29506183. 7: Bajaj JS, Kakiyama G, Cox IJ, Nittono H, Takei H, White M, Fagan A, Gavis EA, Heuman DM, Gilles HC, Hylemon P, Taylor-Robinson SD, Legido-Quigley C, Kim M, Xu J, Williams R, Sikaroodi M, Pandak WM, Gillevet PM. Alterations in gut microbial function following liver transplant. Liver Transpl. 2018 Jun;24(6):752-761. doi: 10.1002/lt.25046. Epub 2018 May 13. PubMed PMID: 29500907; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5992060. 8: Khodorova NV, Rutledge DN, Oberli M, Mathiron D, Marcelo P, Benamouzig R, Tomé D, Gaudichon C, Pilard S. Urinary Metabolomics Profiles Associated to Bovine Meat Ingestion in Humans. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018 Feb 22:e1700834. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201700834. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29468821. 9: Glycerol Phenylbutyrate (Ravicti) [Internet]. Ottawa (ON): Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; 2017 Apr. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK476300/ PubMed PMID: 29381293. 10: Lario S, Ramírez-Lázaro MJ, Sanjuan-Herráez D, Brunet-Vega A, Pericay C, Gombau L, Junquera F, Quintás G, Calvet X. Plasma sample based analysis of gastric cancer progression using targeted metabolomics. Sci Rep. 2017 Dec 19;7(1):17774. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17921-x. PubMed PMID: 29259332; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5736578. 11: Stravitz RT, Gottfried M, Durkalski V, Fontana RJ, Hanje AJ, Koch D, Hameed B, Ganger D, Subramanian RM, Bukofzer S, Ravis WR, Clasen K, Sherker A, Little L, Lee WM; Acute Liver Failure Study Group. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of l-ornithine phenylacetate in patients with acute liver injury/failure and hyperammonemia. Hepatology. 2018 Mar;67(3):1003-1013. doi: 10.1002/hep.29621. Epub 2018 Jan 30. PubMed PMID: 29080224; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5826861. 12: van Straten G, de Sain-van der Velden MGM, van Geijlswijk IM, Favier RP, Mesu SJ, Holwerda-Loof NE, van der Ham M, Fieten H, Rothuizen J, Spee B, Verhoeven-Duif NM. Saline is as effective as nitrogen scavengers for treatment of hyperammonemia. Sci Rep. 2017 Oct 13;7(1):13112. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12686-9. PubMed PMID: 29030642; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5640627. 13: Peña-Quintana L, Llarena M, Reyes-Suárez D, Aldámiz-Echevarria L. Profile of sodium phenylbutyrate granules for the treatment of urea-cycle disorders: patient perspectives. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2017 Sep 6;11:1489-1496. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S136754. eCollection 2017. Review. PubMed PMID: 28919721; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5593420. 14: Jiang Y, Almannai M, Sutton VR, Sun Q, Elsea SH. Quantitation of phenylbutyrate metabolites by UPLC-MS/MS demonstrates inverse correlation of phenylacetate:phenylacetylglutamine ratio with plasma glutamine levels. Mol Genet Metab. 2017 Nov;122(3):39-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.08.011. Epub 2017 Aug 31. PubMed PMID: 28888854. 15: Shafi T, Sirich TL, Meyer TW, Hostetter TH, Plummer NS, Hwang S, Melamed ML, Banerjee T, Coresh J, Powe NR. Results of the HEMO Study suggest that p-cresol sulfate and indoxyl sulfate are not associated with cardiovascular outcomes. Kidney Int. 2017 Dec;92(6):1484-1492. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.05.012. Epub 2017 Jul 21. PubMed PMID: 28739139; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5696072. 16: Almanza-Aguilera E, Urpi-Sarda M, Llorach R, Vázquez-Fresno R, Garcia-Aloy M, Carmona F, Sanchez A, Madrid-Gambin F, Estruch R, Corella D, Andres-Lacueva C. Microbial metabolites are associated with a high adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern using a (1)H-NMR-based untargeted metabolomics approach. J Nutr Biochem. 2017 Oct;48:36-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.06.001. Epub 2017 Jun 7. PubMed PMID: 28692847. 17: Kim B, Lee JW, Hong KT, Yu KS, Jang IJ, Park KD, Shin HY, Ahn HS, Cho JY, Kang HJ. Pharmacometabolomics for predicting variable busulfan exposure in paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients. Sci Rep. 2017 May 10;7(1):1711. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-01861-7. PubMed PMID: 28490733; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5431879. 18: Lindahl A, Heuchel R, Forshed J, Lehtiö J, Löhr M, Nordström A. Discrimination of pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis by LC-MS metabolomics. Metabolomics. 2017;13(5):61. doi: 10.1007/s11306-017-1199-6. Epub 2017 Apr 1. PubMed PMID: 28413374; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5376388. 19: Ventura-Cots M, Concepción M, Arranz JA, Simón-Talero M, Torrens M, Blanco-Grau A, Fuentes I, Suñé P, Alvarado-Tapias E, Gely C, Roman E, Mínguez B, Soriano G, Genescà J, Córdoba J. Impact of ornithine phenylacetate (OCR-002) in lowering plasma ammonia after upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhotic patients. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2016 Nov;9(6):823-835. Epub 2016 Jul 26. PubMed PMID: 27803737; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5076769. 20: Poesen R, Claes K, Evenepoel P, de Loor H, Augustijns P, Kuypers D, Meijers B. Microbiota-Derived Phenylacetylglutamine Associates with Overall Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016 Nov;27(11):3479-3487. Epub 2016 May 26. PubMed PMID: 27230658; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5084895.