Synonym
Geraniol; Geranyl alcohol; Lemonol; trans-Geraniol; (E)-Geraniol; NSC 9279; NSC-9279; NSC9279
IUPAC/Chemical Name
2,6-Octadien-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, (2E)-
InChi Key
GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-JXMROGBWSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C10H18O/c1-9(2)5-4-6-10(3)7-8-11/h5,7,11H,4,6,8H2,1-3H3/b10-7+
SMILES Code
C/C(C)=C\CC/C(C)=C/CO
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Biological target:
Geraniol, an olefinic terpene, was found to inhibit growth of Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains.
In vitro activity:
This study then explored the effects of geraniol in PMACI-stimulated HMC-1 cells. Mast cell degranulation in the nasal mucosa released pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-6, chemokines such as MCP-1, and histamine, a major biogenic amine. In line with previous reports, we demonstrated that PMACI significantly enhanced HMC-1 cell expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1 as well as histamine (Figure 2B–F). On the other hand, geraniol concentrations of 40, 80, and 160 μmol/L attenuated expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Thirty percent, 21.6%, and 27.0% of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, respectively, were inhibited at geraniol concentrations of 160 μmol/L. Geraniol did not significantly alter MCP-1 expression. Geran-iol was also found to inhibit mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1 (Figure 3A–D).
Reference: Drug Des Devel Ther. 2018 Sep 11;12:2897-2903. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30254419/
In vivo activity:
Compared with the control group, a single Dox injection (20 mg/kg) to rats resulted in a substantial rise of MDA along with significant reductions in GSH content and CAT activity (Figure 2A–C). It also significantly decreased the gene and protein expression of Nrf-2, Ho-1, GPx-1, and SOD-2 (Figure 3A–G). However, prophylactic supplementation with geraniol substantially recovered the modifications of these parameters in a dose-dependent manner. These findings reveal the potential antioxidant action of geraniol.
Reference: Reference: Nutrients. 2022 Apr 13;14(8):1620. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35458182/
|
Solvent |
mg/mL |
mM |
| Solubility |
| DMSO |
100.0 |
648.30 |
| Water |
1.0 |
6.48 |
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.
Preparing Stock Solutions
The following data is based on the
product
molecular weight
154.25
Batch specific molecular weights may vary
from batch to batch
due to the degree of hydration, which will
affect the solvent
volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass |
1 mg |
5 mg |
10 mg |
| 1 mM |
1.15 mL |
5.76 mL |
11.51 mL |
| 5 mM |
0.23 mL |
1.15 mL |
2.3 mL |
| 10 mM |
0.12 mL |
0.58 mL |
1.15 mL |
| 50 mM |
0.02 mL |
0.12 mL |
0.23 mL |
Formulation protocol:
1. Huang Y, Yang XL, Ni YH, Xu ZM. Geraniol suppresses proinflammatory mediators in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate with A23187-induced HMC-1 cells. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2018 Sep 11;12:2897-2903. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S145702. PMID: 30254419; PMCID: PMC6141105.
2. Lee S, Park YR, Kim SH, Park EJ, Kang MJ, So I, Chun JN, Jeon JH. Geraniol suppresses prostate cancer growth through down-regulation of E2F8. Cancer Med. 2016 Oct;5(10):2899-2908. doi: 10.1002/cam4.864. Epub 2016 Sep 28. PMID: 27683099; PMCID: PMC5083744.
3. AlAsmari AF, Ali N, Alharbi M, Alqahtani F, Alasmari F, Almoqbel D, AlSwayyed M, Alshammari A, Alanazi MM, Alhoshani A, Al-Harbi NO. Geraniol Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Mediated Kidney Injury through Alteration of Antioxidant Status, Inflammation, and Apoptosis: Potential Roles of NF-κB and Nrf2/Ho-1. Nutrients. 2022 Apr 13;14(8):1620. doi: 10.3390/nu14081620. PMID: 35458182; PMCID: PMC9031157.
4. Atef MM, Emam MN, Abo El Gheit RE, Elbeltagi EM, Alshenawy HA, Radwan DA, Younis RL, Abd-Ellatif RN. Mechanistic Insights into Ameliorating Effect of Geraniol on D-Galactose Induced Memory Impairment in Rats. Neurochem Res. 2022 Jun;47(6):1664-1678. doi: 10.1007/s11064-022-03559-3. Epub 2022 Mar 2. PMID: 35235140; PMCID: PMC9124169.
In vitro protocol:
1. Huang Y, Yang XL, Ni YH, Xu ZM. Geraniol suppresses proinflammatory mediators in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate with A23187-induced HMC-1 cells. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2018 Sep 11;12:2897-2903. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S145702. PMID: 30254419; PMCID: PMC6141105.
2. Lee S, Park YR, Kim SH, Park EJ, Kang MJ, So I, Chun JN, Jeon JH. Geraniol suppresses prostate cancer growth through down-regulation of E2F8. Cancer Med. 2016 Oct;5(10):2899-2908. doi: 10.1002/cam4.864. Epub 2016 Sep 28. PMID: 27683099; PMCID: PMC5083744.
In vivo protocol:
1. AlAsmari AF, Ali N, Alharbi M, Alqahtani F, Alasmari F, Almoqbel D, AlSwayyed M, Alshammari A, Alanazi MM, Alhoshani A, Al-Harbi NO. Geraniol Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Mediated Kidney Injury through Alteration of Antioxidant Status, Inflammation, and Apoptosis: Potential Roles of NF-κB and Nrf2/Ho-1. Nutrients. 2022 Apr 13;14(8):1620. doi: 10.3390/nu14081620. PMID: 35458182; PMCID: PMC9031157.
2. Atef MM, Emam MN, Abo El Gheit RE, Elbeltagi EM, Alshenawy HA, Radwan DA, Younis RL, Abd-Ellatif RN. Mechanistic Insights into Ameliorating Effect of Geraniol on D-Galactose Induced Memory Impairment in Rats. Neurochem Res. 2022 Jun;47(6):1664-1678. doi: 10.1007/s11064-022-03559-3. Epub 2022 Mar 2. PMID: 35235140; PMCID: PMC9124169.
1. Huang Y, Yang XL, Ni YH, Xu ZM. Geraniol suppresses proinflammatory mediators in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate with A23187-induced HMC-1 cells. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2018 Sep 11;12:2897-2903. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S145702. PMID: 30254419; PMCID: PMC6141105.
2. Lee S, Park YR, Kim SH, Park EJ, Kang MJ, So I, Chun JN, Jeon JH. Geraniol suppresses prostate cancer growth through down-regulation of E2F8. Cancer Med. 2016 Oct;5(10):2899-2908. doi: 10.1002/cam4.864. Epub 2016 Sep 28. PMID: 27683099; PMCID: PMC5083744.
3. AlAsmari AF, Ali N, Alharbi M, Alqahtani F, Alasmari F, Almoqbel D, AlSwayyed M, Alshammari A, Alanazi MM, Alhoshani A, Al-Harbi NO. Geraniol Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Mediated Kidney Injury through Alteration of Antioxidant Status, Inflammation, and Apoptosis: Potential Roles of NF-κB and Nrf2/Ho-1. Nutrients. 2022 Apr 13;14(8):1620. doi: 10.3390/nu14081620. PMID: 35458182; PMCID: PMC9031157.
4. Atef MM, Emam MN, Abo El Gheit RE, Elbeltagi EM, Alshenawy HA, Radwan DA, Younis RL, Abd-Ellatif RN. Mechanistic Insights into Ameliorating Effect of Geraniol on D-Galactose Induced Memory Impairment in Rats. Neurochem Res. 2022 Jun;47(6):1664-1678. doi: 10.1007/s11064-022-03559-3. Epub 2022 Mar 2. PMID: 35235140; PMCID: PMC9124169.
