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MedKoo Cat#: 596436 | Name: Muscarine chloride
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Muscarine chloride is a toxic alkaloid found in Amanita muscaria (fly fungus) and other fungi of the Inocybe species. It is the first parasympathomimetic substance ever studied and causes profound parasympathetic activation that may end in convulsions and death. The specific antidote is atropine.

Chemical Structure

Muscarine chloride
Muscarine chloride
CAS#2303-35-7 (chloride)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 596436

Name: Muscarine chloride

CAS#: 2303-35-7 (chloride)

Chemical Formula: C9H20ClNO2

Exact Mass:

Molecular Weight: 209.71

Elemental Analysis: C, 51.55; H, 9.61; Cl, 16.90; N, 6.68; O, 15.26

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
5mg USD 550.00 1-2 months
10mg USD 950.00 1-2 months
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Related CAS #
300-54-9 (cation) 2303-35-7 (chloride)
Synonym
Muscarine chloride; L-(+)-Muscarine chloride; (+)-Muscarine chloride;
IUPAC/Chemical Name
1-((2S,4R,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-N,N,N-trimethylmethanaminium chloride
InChi Key
WUFRNEJYZWHXLC-CTERPIQNSA-M
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C9H20NO2.ClH/c1-7-9(11)5-8(12-7)6-10(2,3)4;/h7-9,11H,5-6H2,1-4H3;1H/q+1;/p-1/t7-,8-,9+;/m0./s1
SMILES Code
C[C@H]1[C@H](O)C[C@@H](C[N+](C)(C)C)O1.[Cl-]
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>95% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Muscarine chloride is an agonist of prototype muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR).
In vitro activity:
Muscarine (1-30 microM) produced a dose-dependent hyperpolarization in a subpopulation of the NRM cells that contain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). In voltage clamp, the muscarine-induced outward current reversed polarity at the potassium equilibrium potential and was characterized by strong inward rectification. The concentration-response curve for muscarine (EC50 = 2.7 microM) was shifted in a parallel manner to the right by increasing concentrations of pirenzepine (300 nM to 3 microM) and methoctramine (50-200 nM). Reference: J Neurosci. 1994 Mar;14(3 Pt 1):1332-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8120628/
In vivo activity:
The present study examined the ionic mechanism(s) underlying the excitatory actions of muscarine in these neurons. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recording techniques in rat brain slices, we demonstrated that M(3) receptor-mediated muscarinic activation of MSDB neurons is dependent on external Na(+) and is also reduced by bath-applied Ni(2+) and KB-R7943 as well as by replacing external Na(+) with Li(+), suggesting a primary involvement of the Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger. Reference: Eur J Neurosci. 2006 Oct;24(8):2309-13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17074051/

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 209.71 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Sun DW, Zhou R, Li N, Zhang QG, Zhu FG. An increase in intracelluar free calcium ions modulated by cholinergic receptors in rat facial nucleus. Chin Med J (Engl). 2009 May 5;122(9):1049-55. PMID: 19493439. 2. Pan ZZ, Williams JT. Muscarine hyperpolarizes a subpopulation of neurons by activating an M2 muscarinic receptor in rat nucleus raphe magnus in vitro. J Neurosci. 1994 Mar;14(3 Pt 1):1332-8. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-03-01332.1994. PMID: 8120628; PMCID: PMC6577576. 3. Xu C, Wu M, Morozova E, Alreja M. Muscarine activates the sodium-calcium exchanger via M receptors in basal forebrain neurons. Eur J Neurosci. 2006 Oct;24(8):2309-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05118.x. PMID: 17074051. 4. Takayasu Y, Iino M, Furuya N, Ozawa S. Muscarine-induced increase in frequency of spontaneous EPSCs in Purkinje cells in the vestibulo-cerebellum of the rat. J Neurosci. 2003 Jul 16;23(15):6200-8. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-15-06200.2003. PMID: 12867503; PMCID: PMC6740540.
In vitro protocol:
1. Sun DW, Zhou R, Li N, Zhang QG, Zhu FG. An increase in intracelluar free calcium ions modulated by cholinergic receptors in rat facial nucleus. Chin Med J (Engl). 2009 May 5;122(9):1049-55. PMID: 19493439. 2. Pan ZZ, Williams JT. Muscarine hyperpolarizes a subpopulation of neurons by activating an M2 muscarinic receptor in rat nucleus raphe magnus in vitro. J Neurosci. 1994 Mar;14(3 Pt 1):1332-8. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-03-01332.1994. PMID: 8120628; PMCID: PMC6577576.
In vivo protocol:
1. Xu C, Wu M, Morozova E, Alreja M. Muscarine activates the sodium-calcium exchanger via M receptors in basal forebrain neurons. Eur J Neurosci. 2006 Oct;24(8):2309-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05118.x. PMID: 17074051. 2. Takayasu Y, Iino M, Furuya N, Ozawa S. Muscarine-induced increase in frequency of spontaneous EPSCs in Purkinje cells in the vestibulo-cerebellum of the rat. J Neurosci. 2003 Jul 16;23(15):6200-8. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-15-06200.2003. PMID: 12867503; PMCID: PMC6740540.
1: Eyer P. The role of oximes in the management of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Toxicol Rev. 2003;22(3):165-90. Review. PubMed PMID: 15181665. 2: Cinca J, Rodríguez-Sinovas A. Cardiovascular reflex responses induced by epicardial chemoreceptor stimulation. Cardiovasc Res. 2000 Jan 1;45(1):163-71. Review. PubMed PMID: 10728330. 3: Schwantes U, Topfmeier P. Importance of pharmacological and physicochemical properties for tolerance of antimuscarinic drugs in the treatment of detrusor instability and detrusor hyperreflexia--chances for improvement of therapy. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1999 May;37(5):209-18. Review. PubMed PMID: 10363619. 4: Finkbeiner AE, Bissada NK, Welch LT. Uropharmacology: v. choline esters and other parasympathomimetic drugs. Urology. 1977 Jul;10(1):83-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 17940.