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MedKoo Cat#: 571562 | Name: Acyclovir
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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Acyclovir, a GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes. Acyclovir is an antiviral medication. It is primarily used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections, chickenpox, and shingles.

Chemical Structure

Acyclovir
Acyclovir
CAS#59277-89-3 (free)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 571562

Name: Acyclovir

CAS#: 59277-89-3 (free)

Chemical Formula: C8H11N5O3

Exact Mass: 225.0862

Molecular Weight: 225.21

Elemental Analysis: C, 42.67; H, 4.92; N, 31.10; O, 21.31

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
200mg USD 90.00 Ready to ship
500mg USD 150.00 Ready to ship
1g USD 250.00 Ready to ship
2g USD 350.00 Ready to ship
5g USD 550.00 Ready to ship
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Related CAS #
69657-51-8 (sodium) 59277-89-3 (free)
Synonym
Activir; ACV; Acycloguanosine; Acyclovir; NSC 645011; NSC-645011; NSC645011, Aciclovir
IUPAC/Chemical Name
6H-Purin-6-one, 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-9-((2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl)-
InChi Key
MKUXAQIIEYXACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C8H11N5O3/c9-8-11-6-5(7(15)12-8)10-3-13(6)4-16-2-1-14/h3,14H,1-2,4H2,(H3,9,11,12,15)
SMILES Code
O=C1NC(N)=NC2=C1N=CN2COCCO
Appearance
Solid powder
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
More Info
Product Data
Product Data
Certificate of Analysis
View CoA: current batch, Lot#T8C07I09
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
View Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Instruction
View handling instruction
Biological target:
Acyclovir inhibits HSV-1 (IC50 of 0.85 μM), HSV-2 (IC50 of 0.86 μM) and varicella-zoster virus.
In vitro activity:
The anti-cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) activity of acyclovir (ACV) was examined in vitro. ACV (66.67 μM) inhibited a cytopathic effect (CPE) induced by the CyHV-3 virus in the CCB (Common carp brain) by 66% and the KF1 (Koi carp fin 1) by 25%. The viral load measured by the means of TaqMan qPCR was reduced in a range of 67%-93% depending on the analogue, the cell line and the time of incubation. The expression of viral genes (ORF149, ORF3, ORF134 and ORF78) in CCB cells infected with the CyHV-3 was strongly downregulated within the range of 78%-91%. In summary, ACV inhibited CyHV-3 replication in vitro. Reference: J Fish Dis. 2018 Nov;41(11):1709-1718. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfd.12880
In vivo activity:
The combination of acyclovir and dexamethasone (DXMT), but not acyclovir or DXMT alone, could protect against Alzheimer’s disease (AD) causing β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomer-induced spatial cognitive impairments. Moreover, acyclovir and DXMT prevented Aβ oligomer-induced over-activation of microglia and astrocytes, and over-expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, indicating that anti-AD effects of drug combination might be at least partially via neuroinflammation inhibition and immunomodulation. Furthermore, Aβ oligomer-induced decrease of PSD-95 and increase of pTau expression was prevented by the combination of acyclovir and DXMT, suggesting the involvement of synaptic protective effects of the drug combination. Taken together, these studies indicated that the combination of acyclovir and DXMT might be an alternative therapy for the treatment of AD. Reference: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2020 Jun;237(6):1851-1860. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00213-020-05503-1
Solvent mg/mL mM
Solubility
PBS (pH 7.2) 0.2 0.89
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 225.21 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
1. Troszok A, Kolek L, Szczygieł J, Wawrzeczko J, Borzym E, Reichert M, Kamińska T, Ostrowski T, Jurecka P, Adamek M, Rakus K, Irnazarow I. Acyclovir inhibits Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 multiplication in vitro. J Fish Dis. 2018 Nov;41(11):1709-1718. doi: 10.1111/jfd.12880. Epub 2018 Aug 24. PMID: 30144085. 2. Hui Z, Zhijun Y, Yushan Y, Liping C, Yiying Z, Difan Z, Chunglit CT, Wei C. The combination of acyclovir and dexamethasone protects against Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive impairments in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2020 Jun;237(6):1851-1860. doi: 10.1007/s00213-020-05503-1. Epub 2020 Mar 27. PMID: 32221697.
In vitro protocol:
1. Troszok A, Kolek L, Szczygieł J, Wawrzeczko J, Borzym E, Reichert M, Kamińska T, Ostrowski T, Jurecka P, Adamek M, Rakus K, Irnazarow I. Acyclovir inhibits Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 multiplication in vitro. J Fish Dis. 2018 Nov;41(11):1709-1718. doi: 10.1111/jfd.12880. Epub 2018 Aug 24. PMID: 30144085.
In vivo protocol:
1. Hui Z, Zhijun Y, Yushan Y, Liping C, Yiying Z, Difan Z, Chunglit CT, Wei C. The combination of acyclovir and dexamethasone protects against Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive impairments in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2020 Jun;237(6):1851-1860. doi: 10.1007/s00213-020-05503-1. Epub 2020 Mar 27. PMID: 32221697.
1: Karim-Nezhad G, Sarkary A, Khorablou Z, Seyed Dorraji P. Synergistic Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles and Carbon Nanotube and Polymeric Film on Electrochemical Oxidation of Acyclovir. Iran J Pharm Res. 2018 Winter;17(1):52-62. PubMed PMID: 29755538. 2: Doğan HH, Karagöz S, Duman R. In Vitro Evaluation of the Antiviral Activity of Some Mushrooms from Turkey. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2018;20(3):201-212. doi: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2018025468. PubMed PMID: 29717666. 3: Roozbahani M, Hammersmith KM. Management of herpes simplex virus epithelial keratitis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2018 Apr 24. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000483. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29697435. 4: Zígolo MA, Salinas M, Alché L, Baldessari A, Liñares GG. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of new derivatives of glycyrrhetinic acid with antiviral activity. Molecular docking study. Bioorg Chem. 2018 Mar 19;78:210-219. doi: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.03.018. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29602045. 5: Jaishankar D, Yakoub AM, Yadavalli T, Agelidis A, Thakkar N, Hadigal S, Ames J, Shukla D. An off-target effect of BX795 blocks herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of the eye. Sci Transl Med. 2018 Feb 14;10(428). pii: eaan5861. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan5861. PubMed PMID: 29444978. 6: Brunnemann AK, Hoffmann A, Deinhardt-Emmer S, Nagel CH, Rose R, Fickenscher H, Sauerbrei A, Krumbholz A. Relevance of non-synonymous thymidine kinase mutations for antiviral resistance of recombinant herpes simplex virus type 2 strains. Antiviral Res. 2018 Apr;152:53-57. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.02.004. Epub 2018 Feb 7. PubMed PMID: 29427675. 7: Ramakrishna C, Golub MS, Chiang A, Hong T, Kalkum M, Cantin EM. Effects of Acyclovir and IVIG on Behavioral Outcomes after HSV1 CNS Infection. Behav Neurol. 2017;2017:5238402. doi: 10.1155/2017/5238402. Epub 2017 Nov 19. PubMed PMID: 29358844; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5735307. 8: Mercier-Darty M, Boutolleau D, Lepeule R, Rodriguez C, Burrel S. Utility of ultra-deep sequencing for detection of varicella-zoster virus antiviral resistance mutations. Antiviral Res. 2018 Mar;151:20-23. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.01.008. Epub 2018 Jan 12. PubMed PMID: 29337163. 9: Tarlekar P, Khan A, Chatterjee S. Nanoscale determination of antiviral drug acyclovir engaging bifunctionality of single walled carbon nanotubes - nafion film. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2018 Mar 20;151:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.12.006. Epub 2017 Dec 24. PubMed PMID: 29291454. 10: Benzekri R, Bouslama L, Papetti A, Hammami M, Smaoui A, Limam F. Anti HSV-2 activity of Peganum harmala (L.) and isolation of the active compound. Microb Pathog. 2018 Jan;114:291-298. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.017. Epub 2017 Dec 6. PubMed PMID: 29223449. 11: Casassa EA, Nicol P, Viraben R, Gaudin C, Bulai Livideanu C, Mengelle C, Lamant L, Fortenfant F, Paul C, Konstantinou MP. [Acyclovir-resistant perineal HSV infection revealing chronic lymphoid leukaemia]. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2018 Mar;145(3):182-186. doi: 10.1016/j.annder.2017.10.013. Epub 2017 Dec 6. French. PubMed PMID: 29221652. 12: Chen Y, Kalia YN. Short-duration ocular iontophoresis of ionizable aciclovir prodrugs: A new approach to treat herpes simplex infections in the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Int J Pharm. 2018 Jan 30;536(1):292-300. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.069. Epub 2017 Dec 2. PubMed PMID: 29198810. 13: Zinser E, Krawczyk A, Mühl-Zürbes P, Aufderhorst U, Draßner C, Stich L, Zaja M, Strobl S, Steinkasserer A, Heilingloh CS. A new promising candidate to overcome drug resistant herpes simplex virus infections. Antiviral Res. 2018 Jan;149:202-210. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.11.012. Epub 2017 Nov 15. PubMed PMID: 29155164. 14: Abdelhameed AS, Bakheit AH, Almutairi FM, AlRabiah H, Kadi AA. Biophysical and In Silico Studies of the Interaction between the Anti-Viral Agents Acyclovir and Penciclovir, and Human Serum Albumin. Molecules. 2017 Nov 5;22(11). pii: E1906. doi: 10.3390/molecules22111906. PubMed PMID: 29113080. 15: Suwannoi P, Chomnawang M, Sarisuta N, Reichl S, Müller-Goymann CC. Development of Acyclovir-Loaded Albumin Nanoparticles and Improvement of Acyclovir Permeation Across Human Corneal Epithelial T Cells. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Dec;33(10):743-752. doi: 10.1089/jop.2017.0057. Epub 2017 Nov 7. PubMed PMID: 29111864. 16: Itoh N, Motokura K, Kumakura A, Hata D, Hata A. Herpes zoster meningitis in immunocompetent children: Two case reports and a literature review. Pediatr Int. 2017 Oct;59(10):1116-1118. doi: 10.1111/ped.13362. Review. PubMed PMID: 29081071. 17: Fujii H, Kakiuchi S, Tsuji M, Nishimura H, Yoshikawa T, Yamada S, Omura N, Inagaki T, Shibamura M, Harada S, Taniguchi S, Saijo M. Application of next-generation sequencing to detect acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 variants at low frequency in thymidine kinase gene of the isolates recovered from patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Virol Methods. 2018 Jan;251:123-128. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.10.019. Epub 2017 Oct 23. PubMed PMID: 29074089. 18: Bejgum BC, Johnson PR, Stagner WC. Acyclovir chemical kinetics with the discovery and identification of newly reported degradants and degradation pathways involving formaldehyde as a degradant and reactant intermediate. Int J Pharm. 2018 Jan 15;535(1-2):172-179. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.034. Epub 2017 Oct 20. PubMed PMID: 29061324. 19: Bonde S, Mavani N, Bonde C. Formulation, Optimization and Evaluation of Organogel for Topical Delivery of Acyclovir. Curr Drug Deliv. 2018;15(3):397-405. doi: 10.2174/1567201814666171013150938. PubMed PMID: 29034838. 20: Bauer D, Keller J, Alt M, Schubert A, Aufderhorst UW, Palapys V, Kasper M, Heilingloh CS, Dittmer U, Laffer B, Eis-Hübinger AM, Verjans GM, Heiligenhaus A, Roggendorf M, Krawczyk A. Antibody-based immunotherapy of aciclovir resistant ocular herpes simplex virus infections. Virology. 2017 Dec;512:194-200. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.09.021. Epub 2017 Oct 3. PubMed PMID: 28985573.