Strychnine Hydrochloride | CAS#1421-86-9 (HCl) | neurotoxin

MedKoo Cat#: 561722 | Name: Strychnine Hydrochloride

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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Strychnine Hydrochloride is a neurotoxin that acts as an antagonist of glycine and acetylcholine receptors.

Chemical Structure

Strychnine Hydrochloride

CAS#1421-86-9 (HCl)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 561722

Name: Strychnine Hydrochloride

CAS#: 1421-86-9 (HCl)

Chemical Formula: C21H23ClN2O2

Exact Mass: 370.1448

Molecular Weight: 370.88

Elemental Analysis: C, 68.01; H, 6.25; Cl, 9.56; N, 7.55; O, 8.63

Price and Availability

Size	Price	Availability	Quantity
5g	USD 450.00	2 Weeks
10g	USD 750.00	2 Weeks

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Related CAS #

1421-86-9 (HCl) 57-24-9 (free base) 60-41-3 (sulfate) 66-32-0 (nitrate)

Synonym

Strychnine Hydrochloride; Strychnine HCl;

IUPAC/Chemical Name

(4aR,4a1R,5aS,8aR,8a1S,15aS)-2,4a,4a1,5,5a,7,8,8a1,15,15a-decahydro-14H-4,6-methanoindolo[3,2,1-ij]oxepino[2,3,4-de]pyrrolo[2,3-h]quinolin-14-one hydrochloride

InChi Key

VLXYTKMPCOQKEM-ZEYGOCRCSA-N

InChi Code

InChI=1S/C21H22N2O2.ClH/c24-18-10-16-19-13-9-17-21(6-7-22(17)11-12(13)5-8-25-16)14-3-1-2-4-15(14)23(18)20(19)21;/h1-5,13,16-17,19-20H,6-11H2;1H/t13-,16-,17-,19-,20-,21+;/m0./s1

SMILES Code

O=C1N2[C@@H]3[C@]4(C5=C2C=CC=C5)[C@@H]6C[C@@H]7[C@@]3([H])[C@H](C1)OCC=C7CN6CC4.Cl

Appearance

Solid powder

Purity

>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition

Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition

Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility

Soluble in DMSO

Shelf Life

>2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation

This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage

0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code

2934.99.9001

More Info

Product Data

Product Data

Instruction

View handling instruction

Biological target:

Strychnine Hydrochloride is a neurotoxin that acts as an antagonist of glycine and acetylcholine receptors.

In vitro activity:

The results presented here show that the convulsive alkaloid strychnine reversibly inhibits different subtypes of muscle and neuronal AcChoRs in a noncompetitive manner and with different strengths. In conclusion, these results suggest that strychnine inhibits noncompetitively the function of AcChoRs by interacting at an external site of muscle AcChoRs and by blocking the ion channel in neuronal AcChoRs. Reference: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Mar 30;96(7):4113-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10097172/

In vivo activity:

Consistent with previous results demonstrating that lateral/basolateral amygdala neurons express functional strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors, microinjection of strychnine (0.5pmol or 167pg) directly into this brain region reduced ‘anxiety-like’ behaviors in two separate assays. Reference: Behav Brain Res. 2007 Mar 12;178(1):70-81. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17207866/

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 370.88 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	1.15 mL	5.76 mL	11.51 mL
5 mM	0.23 mL	1.15 mL	2.3 mL
10 mM	0.12 mL	0.58 mL	1.15 mL
50 mM	0.02 mL	0.12 mL	0.23 mL

Formulation protocol:

1. Dudeck O, Lübben S, Eipper S, Knörle R, Kirsch M, Honegger J, Zentner J, Feuerstein TJ. Evidence for strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors in human amygdala. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2003 Sep;368(3):181-7. doi: 10.1007/s00210-003-0786-4. Epub 2003 Aug 16. PMID: 12923611. 2. García-Colunga J, Miledi R. Modulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by strychnine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Mar 30;96(7):4113-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.7.4113. PMID: 10097172; PMCID: PMC22429. 3. McCool BA, Chappell A. Strychnine and taurine modulation of amygdala-associated anxiety-like behavior is 'state' dependent. Behav Brain Res. 2007 Mar 12;178(1):70-81. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.12.002. Epub 2007 Jan 17. PMID: 17207866; PMCID: PMC1839829. 4. Roy NM, Arpie B, Lugo J, Linney E, Levin ED, Cerutti D. Brief embryonic strychnine exposure in zebrafish causes long-term adult behavioral impairment with indications of embryonic synaptic changes. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2012 Nov-Dec;34(6):587-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2012.08.001. Epub 2012 Aug 7. PMID: 23022260; PMCID: PMC4338986.

In vitro protocol:

In vivo protocol:

1. McCool BA, Chappell A. Strychnine and taurine modulation of amygdala-associated anxiety-like behavior is 'state' dependent. Behav Brain Res. 2007 Mar 12;178(1):70-81. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.12.002. Epub 2007 Jan 17. PMID: 17207866; PMCID: PMC1839829. 2. Roy NM, Arpie B, Lugo J, Linney E, Levin ED, Cerutti D. Brief embryonic strychnine exposure in zebrafish causes long-term adult behavioral impairment with indications of embryonic synaptic changes. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2012 Nov-Dec;34(6):587-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2012.08.001. Epub 2012 Aug 7. PMID: 23022260; PMCID: PMC4338986.

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J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2021 Apr 20;1173:122702. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122702. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33910140. 6: Zlotos DP, Abdelmalek CM, Botros LS, Banoub MM, Mandour YM, Breitinger U, El Nady A, Breitinger HG, Sotriffer C, Villmann C, Jensen AA, Holzgrabe U. C-2-Linked Dimeric Strychnine Analogues as Bivalent Ligands Targeting Glycine Receptors. J Nat Prod. 2021 Feb 26;84(2):382-394. doi: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01030. Epub 2021 Feb 17. PMID: 33596384. 7: Nisar U, Shahid M, Askani M, Malhi SM, Shaheen F, Simjee SU. In vivo anticonvulsant activity of 2-propanone-1,3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ylidine in pilocarpine and strychnine induced-seizure models. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2020 Jul;33(4):1465-1471. PMID: 33583776. 8: Braun DE, Gelbrich T, Kahlenberg V, Griesser UJ. The Eight Hydrates of Strychnine Sulfate. Cryst Growth Des. 2020 Sep 2;20(9):6069-6083. doi: 10.1021/acs.cgd.0c00777. Epub 2020 Aug 5. PMID: 32913424; PMCID: PMC7472434. 9: Lü D, Jiang Q, Zhang J, Zeng R, Liao Z, Liang X. Effect of Baizhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) extract on intestinal absorption of brucine and strychnine in vitro and in situ. J Tradit Chin Med. 2020 Aug;40(4):562-570. doi: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2020.04.005. PMID: 32744023. 10: Seeman JI, Tantillo DJ. From Decades to Minutes: Steps Toward the Structure of Strychnine 1910-1948 and the Application of Today's Technology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2020 Jun 26;59(27):10702-10721. doi: 10.1002/anie.201916566. Epub 2020 Apr 20. PMID: 32037640. 11: Mb I, Tonk RS, Sahu SK. A Case of Strychnine Poisoning. J Assoc Physicians India. 2020 Jan;68(1):105. PMID: 31979967. 12: Śniegocki T, Sell B, Posyniak A. The Usefulness of MS3 to Confirm Poisoning on the Example of Dog Poisoning with Strychnine. Molecules. 2019 Oct 19;24(20):3765. doi: 10.3390/molecules24203765. PMID: 31635042; PMCID: PMC6832480. 13: Zlotos DP, Mohsen AMY, Mandour YM, Marzouk MA, Breitinger U, Villmann C, Breitinger HG, Sotriffer C, Jensen AA, Holzgrabe U. 11-Aminostrychnine and N-(Strychnine-11-yl)propionamide: Synthesis, Configuration, and Pharmacological Evaluation at Glycine Receptors. J Nat Prod. 2019 Aug 23;82(8):2332-2336. doi: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00180. Epub 2019 Aug 6. PMID: 31385511. 14: Semenov VA, Krivdin LB. DFT computational schemes for 1 H and 13 C NMR chemical shifts of natural products, exemplified by strychnine. Magn Reson Chem. 2020 Jan;58(1):56-64. doi: 10.1002/mrc.4922. Epub 2019 Jul 31. PMID: 31291478. 15: Hur MH, Havalad V, Clardy C. Strychnine: Old Remedy, Silent Killer. Pediatr Ann. 2019 May 1;48(5):e205-e207. doi: 10.3928/19382359-20190422-04. PMID: 31067337. 16: Hufnagel LA, Pierobon P, Kass-Simon G. Immunocytochemical localization of a putative strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor in Hydra vulgaris. Cell Tissue Res. 2019 Aug;377(2):177-191. doi: 10.1007/s00441-019-03011-z. Epub 2019 Apr 11. PMID: 30976918. 17: He L, Wang X, Wu X, Meng Z, Peng X, Liu XY, Qin Y. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)-Strychnine. Org Lett. 2019 Jan 4;21(1):252-255. doi: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03686. Epub 2018 Dec 18. PMID: 30560668. 18: Wang T, Chen X, Yu J, Du Q, Zhu J, Yang M, Wu H, Wang M, Zhu Y. High- Throughput Electrophysiology Screen Revealed Cardiotoxicity of Strychnine by Selectively Targeting hERG Channel. Am J Chin Med. 2018;46(8):1825-1840. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X1850091X. Epub 2018 Dec 14. PMID: 30545237. 19: Yuan C, Luo Z, Zhou Y, Lei S, Xu C, Peng C, Li S, Li X, Zhu X, Gao T. Removal of hERG potassium channel affinity through introduction of an oxygen atom: Molecular insights from structure-activity relationships of strychnine and its analogs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2018 Dec 1;360:109-119. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.09.042. Epub 2018 Sep 30. PMID: 30282042. 20: Xue AY, Di Pizio A, Levit A, Yarnitzky T, Penn O, Pupko T, Niv MY. Corrigendum: Independent Evolution of Strychnine Recognition by Bitter Taste Receptor Subtypes. Front Mol Biosci. 2018 Sep 11;5:84. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00084. Erratum for: Front Mol Biosci. 2018 Mar 02;5:9. PMID: 30255025; PMCID: PMC6142832.