Succimer | CAS#304-55-2 | metal chelator

MedKoo Cat#: 561585 | Name: Succimer

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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Succimer is an orally active heavy metal chelator.

Chemical Structure

Succimer

CAS#304-55-2

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 561585

Name: Succimer

CAS#: 304-55-2

Chemical Formula: C4H6O4S2

Exact Mass: 181.9708

Molecular Weight: 182.21

Elemental Analysis: C, 26.37; H, 3.32; O, 35.12; S, 35.19

Price and Availability

Size	Price	Availability
1g	USD 230.00	2 weeks
5g	USD 425.00	2 weeks
25g	USD 750.00	2 weeks

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Related CAS #

No Data

Synonym

Succimer; DMSA;

IUPAC/Chemical Name

meso-2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic acid;

InChi Key

ACTRVOBWPAIOHC-XIXRPRMCSA-N

InChi Code

InChI=1S/C4H6O4S2/c5-3(6)1(9)2(10)4(7)8/h1-2,9-10H,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)/t1-,2+

SMILES Code

O=C(O)[C@@H](S)[C@@H](S)C(O)=O

Appearance

Solid powder

Purity

>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition

Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition

Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility

To be determined

Shelf Life

>2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation

This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage

0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code

2934.99.9001

More Info

Product Data

Product Data

Instruction

View handling instruction

Biological target:

Succimer has been used to form a monolayer on Mg/Ti/Au micromotors to enhance the chelation of toxic heavy metal contaminants (Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II)) from polluted aqueous solutions.

In vitro activity:

Gene inactivation of CDK inhibitors is often due to promoter methylation, while HDACs regulate gene expression by deacetylating proteins. In myeloma cells treated with suberohydroxamic acid and decitabine alone, the expression of both p15INK4b and p21WAF was significantly upregulated in RPMI8226 cells (p53‑functional, without IL‑6 expression), whereas in the U266 cell line (p53 deleted, expressing IL‑6) only p21WAF expression was significantly increased. Reference: Mol Med Rep. 2022 Oct;26(4):321. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36043519/

In vivo activity:

This study found that while succimer lowered blood lead concentrations in children, it did not lower blood cadmium in children with background exposure, despite the structure of succimer chelates of lead and cadmium being similar. Reference: J Pediatr. 2013 Aug;163(2):598-600. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23601497/

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 182.21 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	1.15 mL	5.76 mL	11.51 mL
5 mM	0.23 mL	1.15 mL	2.3 mL
10 mM	0.12 mL	0.58 mL	1.15 mL
50 mM	0.02 mL	0.12 mL	0.23 mL

Formulation protocol:

1. Trtkova KS, Luzna P, Drozdkova DW, Cizkova K, Janovska L, Gursky J, Prukova D, Frydrych I, Hajduch M, Minarik J. The epigenetic impact of suberohydroxamic acid and 5‑Aza‑2'‑deoxycytidine on DNMT3B expression in myeloma cell lines differing in IL‑6 expression. Mol Med Rep. 2022 Oct;26(4):321. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12837. Epub 2022 Aug 31. PMID: 36043519; PMCID: PMC9471560. 2. Drozdkova DH, Gursky J, Minarik J, Überall I, Kolar Z, Trtkova KS. CDKN1A Gene Expression in Two Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines With Different P53 Functionality. Anticancer Res. 2020 Sep;40(9):4979-4987. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.14501. PMID: 32878786. 3. Chen WC, Wu YC, Huang P. Succimer chelation in a patient with mercury-associated parkinsonism. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2024 Jan;62(1):65-66. doi: 10.1080/15563650.2023.2298883. Epub 2024 Jan 12. PMID: 38214213. 4. Cao Y, Chen A, Bottai M, Caldwell KL, Rogan WJ. The impact of succimer chelation on blood cadmium in children with background exposures: a randomized trial. J Pediatr. 2013 Aug;163(2):598-600. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.03.009. Epub 2013 Apr 16. PMID: 23601497; PMCID: PMC3723771.

In vitro protocol:

In vivo protocol:

1. Chen WC, Wu YC, Huang P. Succimer chelation in a patient with mercury-associated parkinsonism. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2024 Jan;62(1):65-66. doi: 10.1080/15563650.2023.2298883. Epub 2024 Jan 12. PMID: 38214213. 2. Cao Y, Chen A, Bottai M, Caldwell KL, Rogan WJ. The impact of succimer chelation on blood cadmium in children with background exposures: a randomized trial. J Pediatr. 2013 Aug;163(2):598-600. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.03.009. Epub 2013 Apr 16. PMID: 23601497; PMCID: PMC3723771.

1: Shaikh N, Spingarn RB, Hum SW. Dimercaptosuccinic acid scan or ultrasound in screening for vesicoureteral reflux among children with urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jul 5;7:CD010657. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010657.pub2. Review. PubMed PMID: 27378557. 2: Roupakias S, Sinopidis X, Tsikopoulos G, Spyridakis I, Karatza A, Varvarigou A. Dimercaptosuccinic acid scan challenges in childhood urinary tract infection, vesicoureteral reflux and renal scarring investigation and management. Minerva Urol Nefrol. 2017 Apr;69(2):144-152. doi: 10.23736/S0393-2249.16.02509-1. Epub 2016 Jun 29. Review. PubMed PMID: 27355216. 3: Yadav A, Flora SJ. Nano drug delivery systems: a new paradigm for treating metal toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2016 Jun;13(6):831-41. doi: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1160890. Epub 2016 Mar 31. Review. PubMed PMID: 27030893. 4: Li WJ, Chen C, You ZF, Yang RM, Wang XP. Current Drug Managements of Wilson's Disease: From West to East. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2016;14(4):322-5. Review. PubMed PMID: 26639459; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4876588. 5: James S, Stevenson SW, Silove N, Williams K. Chelation for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 May 11;(5):CD010766. Review. PubMed PMID: 26106752. 6: Aaseth J, Skaug MA, Cao Y, Andersen O. Chelation in metal intoxication--Principles and paradigms. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2015;31:260-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.10.001. Epub 2014 Oct 19. Review. PubMed PMID: 25457281. 7: Shaikh N, Craig JC, Rovers MM, Da Dalt L, Gardikis S, Hoberman A, Montini G, Rodrigo C, Taskinen S, Tuerlinckx D, Shope T. Identification of children and adolescents at risk for renal scarring after a first urinary tract infection: a meta-analysis with individual patient data. JAMA Pediatr. 2014 Oct;168(10):893-900. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.637. Review. PubMed PMID: 25089634. 8: Karthikeyan VS, Dorairajan LN, Kumar S, Vijayakumar AR, Ramesh A, Ganesh Rajesh N, Halanaik D, Gupta S. Sporadic bilateral synchronous multicentric papillary renal cell carcinoma masquerading as bilateral multifocal pyelonephritis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2014 Jul;96(5):e7-10. doi: 10.1308/003588414X13814021679113. Review. PubMed PMID: 24992402; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4473972. 9: Cao Y, Skaug MA, Andersen O, Aaseth J. Chelation therapy in intoxications with mercury, lead and copper. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2015;31:188-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.04.010. Epub 2014 May 14. Review. PubMed PMID: 24894443. 10: Rafati-Rahimzadeh M, Rafati-Rahimzadeh M, Kazemi S, Moghadamnia AA. Current approaches of the management of mercury poisoning: need of the hour. Daru. 2014 Jun 2;22:46. doi: 10.1186/2008-2231-22-46. Review. PubMed PMID: 24888360; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4055906. 11: Kosnett MJ. The role of chelation in the treatment of arsenic and mercury poisoning. J Med Toxicol. 2013 Dec;9(4):347-54. doi: 10.1007/s13181-013-0344-5. Review. PubMed PMID: 24178900; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3846971. 12: Smith SW. The role of chelation in the treatment of other metal poisonings. J Med Toxicol. 2013 Dec;9(4):355-69. doi: 10.1007/s13181-013-0343-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 24113858; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3846962. 13: Smith D, Strupp BJ. The scientific basis for chelation: animal studies and lead chelation. J Med Toxicol. 2013 Dec;9(4):326-38. doi: 10.1007/s13181-013-0339-2. Review. PubMed PMID: 24113857; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3846979. 14: Kwatra N, Shalaby-Rana E, Majd M. Scintigraphic features of duplex kidneys on DMSA renal cortical scans. Pediatr Radiol. 2013 Sep;43(9):1204-12. doi: 10.1007/s00247-013-2619-z. Epub 2013 Feb 6. Review. PubMed PMID: 23385361. 15: Zalups RK, Bridges CC. Relationships between the renal handling of DMPS and DMSA and the renal handling of mercury. Chem Res Toxicol. 2012 Sep 17;25(9):1825-38. doi: 10.1021/tx3001847. Epub 2012 Jun 15. Review. PubMed PMID: 22667351; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4640686. 16: Pillai MR, Dash A, Knapp FF Jr. Rhenium-188: availability from the (188)W/(188)Re generator and status of current applications. Curr Radiopharm. 2012 Jul;5(3):228-43. Review. PubMed PMID: 22642385. 17: Chan TY. Inorganic mercury poisoning associated with skin-lightening cosmetic products. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2011 Dec;49(10):886-91. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2011.626425. Epub 2011 Nov 9. Review. PubMed PMID: 22070559. 18: Vivier PH, Dolores M, Le Cloirec J, Beurdeley M, Liard A, Elbaz F, Roset JB, Dacher JN. [Imaging evaluation of renal function: principles and limitations]. J Radiol. 2011 Apr;92(4):280-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jradio.2011.03.002. Epub 2011 Apr 21. Review. French. PubMed PMID: 21549884. 19: Leroy S, Romanello C, Galetto-Lacour A, Bouissou F, Fernandez-Lopez A, Smolkin V, Gurgoze MK, Bressan S, Karavanaki K, Tuerlinckx D, Leblond P, Pecile P, Coulais Y, Cubells C, Halevy R, Aygun AD, Da Dalt L, Stefanidis CJ, Vander Borght T, Bigot S, Dubos F, Gervaix A, Chalumeau M. Procalcitonin is a predictor for high-grade vesicoureteral reflux in children: meta-analysis of individual patient data. J Pediatr. 2011 Oct;159(4):644-51.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.03.008. Epub 2011 Apr 20. Review. Erratum in: J Pediatr. 2012 Jan;160(1):181. Gurgoz, Metin K [corrected to Gurgoze, Metin K]. PubMed PMID: 21511275. 20: Ludwig M, Sethi SK. Novel techniques and newer markers for the evaluation of "proximal tubular dysfunction". Int Urol Nephrol. 2011 Dec;43(4):1107-15. doi: 10.1007/s11255-011-9914-0. Epub 2011 Mar 1. Review. PubMed PMID: 21360162.