Farnesol | CAS#4602-84-0 | p21 and p27 expression stimulator

MedKoo Cat#: 540130 | Name: Farnesol

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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Farnesol is found in various essential oils. It regulates the volatility of odorants in perfumes. It displays a variety of biological activities, including cell cycle arrest and stimulating p21 and p27 expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells, increasing latency to tumor formation in TPA-induced skin carcinogenesis, and inhibiting growth of Aspergilius and Candida.

Chemical Structure

Farnesol

CAS#4602-84-0

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 540130

Name: Farnesol

CAS#: 4602-84-0

Chemical Formula: C15H26O

Exact Mass: 222.1984

Molecular Weight: 222.37

Elemental Analysis: C, 81.02; H, 11.79; O, 7.19

Price and Availability

Size	Price	Availability
5g	USD 150.00	Ready to ship
10g	USD 250.00	Ready to ship
25g	USD 550.00	Ready to ship

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Related CAS #

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Synonym

HSDB 445; HSDB-445; HSDB445; NSC 60597; NSC-60597; NSC60597; Farnesol

IUPAC/Chemical Name

(2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trien-1-ol

InChi Key

CRDAMVZIKSXKFV-YFVJMOTDSA-N

InChi Code

InChI=1S/C15H26O/c1-13(2)7-5-8-14(3)9-6-10-15(4)11-12-16/h7,9,11,16H,5-6,8,10,12H2,1-4H3/b14-9+,15-11+

SMILES Code

C/C(C)=C\CC/C(C)=C/CC/C(C)=C/CO

Appearance

Oily liquid

Purity

>95% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition

Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition

Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility

Soluble in alcohol

Shelf Life

>2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation

This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage

0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code

2934.99.9001

More Info

Certificate of Analysis

View CoA: current batch, Lot#T8C04I17

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

View Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

Instruction

View handling instruction

Biological target:

Farnesol is a sesquiterpene alcohol that modulates cell-to-cell communication in Candida albicans, and has the activity in inhibiting bacteria.

In vitro activity:

The present study is aimed at determining the effect of farnesol on the growth of strains of the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex, through microdilution assays. In addition, the effect of farnesol on the synthesis of phospholipase and protease - important virulence-associated enzymes - by C. neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii was also investigated. A total of 36 strains were studied, out of which 20 were from veterinary sources, 8 were from human cases and 8 were from a reference collection. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined in accordance with the M27-A3 protocol as described by the CLSI and farnesol was tested at a concentration range of 0.29-150 μM. Phospholipase and protease activities were evaluated through growth on egg yolk agar and spectrophotometry, respectively, after pre-incubating the strains at different farnesol concentrations (MIC/4, MIC/2 and MIC). It was observed that farnesol presents an inhibitory activity against C. neoformans and C. gattii (MIC range: 0.29-75.0 μM). Although farnesol did not significantly alter phospholipase activity, a tendency to decrease this activity was observed. Concerning protease, no statistically significant differences were observed when comparing the production before and after pre-incubation at different farnesol concentrations. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that farnesol has in vitro inhibitory activity against C. neoformans and C. gattii, but has little impact on the production of the analyzed virulence factors. Reference: Vet Microbiol. 2012 Oct 12;159(3-4):375-80. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378-1135(12)00257-X

In vivo activity:

To investigate whether farnesol induces browning of WAT in vivo as well, C57BL/6 mice were fed farnesol and a HFD. Briefly, the mice were fed a HFD for 4 weeks to induce obesity before administration of farnesol. After induction of obesity, the mice were randomly divided into two groups: a HFD group with vehicle treatment and a HFD group with farnesol (5 mg/kg/day). The HFD plus farnesol group appeared to have significantly less weight gain than that of the HFD plus vehicle group (46.08 ± 0.42 vs. 50.86 ± 0.48 g, respectively). Additionally, the tissue weights and adipocyte sizes in both iWAT and eWAT were smaller than those of the HFD-induced obese mice (Figures 3A,B). Next, we investigated the expression of the adipogenesis-related factors PPARγ, C/EBPα, and LIPIN1 and the phosphorylated level of AMPK in both the iWAT and eWAT. Farnesol administration reduced the expressions of the factors and activated the phosphorylation of AMPK significantly (p < 0.05) (Figures Figures3C3C–E). Furthermore, farnesol significantly increased the expression of UCP1, the main factor of thermogenesis, and beige adipocyte-specific markers including TMEM26, TBX1, and CD137 in the iWAT and eWAT from HFD-induced obese C57BL/6 mice (p < 0.05) (Figure Figure3F3F). Reference: Front Pharmacol. 2017 Sep 20;8:654. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/29033835/

	Solvent	mg/mL	mM
Solubility
	DMSO	100.0	449.70

Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 222.37 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	1.15 mL	5.76 mL	11.51 mL
5 mM	0.23 mL	1.15 mL	2.3 mL
10 mM	0.12 mL	0.58 mL	1.15 mL
50 mM	0.02 mL	0.12 mL	0.23 mL

Formulation protocol:

In vitro protocol:

1. Cordeiro Rde A, Nogueira GC, Brilhante RS, Teixeira CE, Mourão CI, Castelo-Branco Dde S, Paiva Mde A, Ribeiro JF, Monteiro AJ, Sidrim JJ, Rocha MF. Farnesol inhibits in vitro growth of the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex with no significant changes in virulence-related exoenzymes. Vet Microbiol. 2012 Oct 12;159(3-4):375-80. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.04.008. Epub 2012 Apr 19. PMID: 22580194.

In vivo protocol:

1. Kim HL, Jung Y, Park J, Youn DH, Kang J, Lim S, Lee BS, Jeong MY, Choe SK, Park R, Ahn KS, Um JY. Farnesol Has an Anti-obesity Effect in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice and Induces the Development of Beige Adipocytes in Human Adipose Tissue Derived-Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Pharmacol. 2017 Sep 20;8:654. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00654. PMID: 29033835; PMCID: PMC5627035. 2. Ku CM, Lin JY. Farnesol, a sesquiterpene alcohol in essential oils, ameliorates serum allergic antibody titres and lipid profiles in ovalbumin-challenged mice. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2016 Mar-Apr;44(2):149-59. doi: 10.1016/j.aller.2015.05.009. Epub 2015 Aug 28. PMID: 26318416.

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Genetic variation in a tandemly duplicated TPS gene cluster contributes to the diversity of aroma in lychee fruit. New Phytol. 2025 Mar 27. doi: 10.1111/nph.70090. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40148923. 5: Wang Y, Wang Z, Li Q, Feng Y, Li J, Lu Y, Zhang J, Ke X. A "three-in-one" thermosensitive gel system that enhances mucus and biofilm penetration for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. J Control Release. 2025 Mar 25;382:113666. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113666. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40147534. 6: Li W, Sun Y, Liang Y, Wang Y, Fan Y, Li M, Sun R, Xie J. Identification and Characterization of Troponin T Associated with Development, Metabolism and Reproduction in Tribolium castaneum. Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Mar 19;26(6):2786. doi: 10.3390/ijms26062786. PMID: 40141428; PMCID: PMC11942869. 7: Li X, Zhang T, Liu Z, Jiao M, Li Q, Gand M, Zhu K, Qiao Y, Bai W, Guo Z, Li B, Wang Y, Dong J, Li B. Machine learning analysis of pre-culture effects on rate-limiting steps in volatile compound dynamics of Mead. Food Chem X. 2025 Feb 25;26:102313. doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2025.102313. PMID: 40109907; PMCID: PMC11919604. 8: Gopalsamy RG, Antony PJ, Athesh K, Hillary VE, Montalvão MM, Hariharan G, Santana LADM, Borges LP, Gurgel RQ. Dietary essential oil components: A systematic review of preclinical studies on the management of gastrointestinal diseases. Phytomedicine. 2025 May;140:156630. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2025.156630. Epub 2025 Mar 8. PMID: 40085990. 9: Hassanein EHM, Alotaibi MF, Alruhaimi RS, Sabry M, Sayed GA, Atwa AM, Mahmoud AM. Targeting TLR4/NF-κB signaling, oxidative stress, and apoptosis by farnesol mitigates cadmium-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Tissue Cell. 2025 Jun;94:102813. doi: 10.1016/j.tice.2025.102813. Epub 2025 Feb 22. PMID: 40020518. 10: Li P, Guo C, Tong W, Han S, Sun X, Xiao L, Hu Q, Hou Y, Ding B, Yi D. Dietary supplementation with farnesol confers a protective effect on the intestine of broiler chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide by reshaping intestinal flora structure and regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Poult Sci. 2025 Apr;104(4):104942. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.104942. Epub 2025 Feb 23. PMID: 40010048; PMCID: PMC11910080. 11: Goswami N, Kinkpe L, Hua L, Zhuo Y, Fang Z, Che L, Lin Y, Xu S, Jiang X, Feng B, Wu D. Farnesol Improves Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Hepatic Metabolic Dysfunction Induced by Tunicamycin in Mice. Biology (Basel). 2025 Feb 18;14(2):213. doi: 10.3390/biology14020213. PMID: 40001981; PMCID: PMC11851907. 12: Costa TL, Puppin-Rontani RM, de Castilho ARF. Preventing Oral Dual Biofilm Development with Innovative Bioactive Varnishes. J Funct Biomater. 2025 Feb 18;16(2):70. doi: 10.3390/jfb16020070. PMID: 39997604; PMCID: PMC11856875. 13: Kovács F, Jakab Á, Balla N, Tóth Z, Balázsi D, Forgács L, Harmath A, Bozó A, Ragyák Á, Majoros L, Kovács R. 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