Synonym
Lactulose; Cholac; Generlac; Consulose; BRN 0093773; BRN-0093773; BRN0093773
IUPAC/Chemical Name
(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-(((2R,3S,4S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol
InChi Key
JCQLYHFGKNRPGE-DNMRROERSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-4-6(16)7(17)8(18)11(21-4)22-9-5(2-14)23-12(20,3-15)10(9)19/h4-11,13-20H,1-3H2/t4-,5-,6+,7+,8-,9-,10+,11+,12?/m1/s1
SMILES Code
OCC1([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O1)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CO)O2)O)O)O)O)O
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Biological target:
Lactulose is a non-absortable sugar used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.
In vitro activity:
The results showed that lactulose reduced the growth of viable C. difficile cells following clindamycin treatment, shifted the antibiotic-induced dysbiotic microbial community, and stimulated the production of health-promoting metabolites (especially butyrate). Recovery of the gut microenvironment by long-term lactulose administration following CDI was also linked to lactate production, decrease in pH and modulation of bile salt metabolism.
Reference: Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Oct 24;11(11):1464. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36358119/
In vivo activity:
The present study investigated the therapeutic effect of lactulose on gastrointestinal inflammation and inflammation-related tumorigenesis in a mouse model of colorectal cancer as well as its effect on gut microbiota composition. Lactulose significantly inhibited the inflammatory events, and ameliorated inflammation and tumorigenesis.
Reference: Nutrients. 2022 Feb 3;14(3):649. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35277009/
|
Solvent |
mg/mL |
mM |
| Solubility |
| DMSO |
46.5 |
135.85 |
| Water |
84.0 |
245.40 |
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.
Preparing Stock Solutions
The following data is based on the
product
molecular weight
342.30
Batch specific molecular weights may vary
from batch to batch
due to the degree of hydration, which will
affect the solvent
volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass |
1 mg |
5 mg |
10 mg |
| 1 mM |
1.15 mL |
5.76 mL |
11.51 mL |
| 5 mM |
0.23 mL |
1.15 mL |
2.3 mL |
| 10 mM |
0.12 mL |
0.58 mL |
1.15 mL |
| 50 mM |
0.02 mL |
0.12 mL |
0.23 mL |
Formulation protocol:
1. Calatayud M, Duysburgh C, Van den Abbeele P, Franckenstein D, Kuchina-Koch A, Marzorati M. Long-Term Lactulose Administration Improves Dysbiosis Induced by Antibiotic and C. difficile in the PathoGutTM SHIME Model. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Oct 24;11(11):1464. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11111464. PMID: 36358119; PMCID: PMC9686563.
2. Hiraishi K, Zhao F, Kurahara LH, Li X, Yamashita T, Hashimoto T, Matsuda Y, Sun Z, Zhang H, Hirano K. Lactulose Modulates the Structure of Gut Microbiota and Alleviates Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis. Nutrients. 2022 Feb 3;14(3):649. doi: 10.3390/nu14030649. PMID: 35277009; PMCID: PMC8840163.
3. Yuan Q, Xin L, Han S, Su Y, Wu R, Liu X, Wuri J, Li R, Yan T. Lactulose Improves Neurological Outcomes by Repressing Harmful Bacteria and Regulating Inflammatory Reactions in Mice After Stroke. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021 Jul 13;11:644448. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.644448. PMID: 34327147; PMCID: PMC8313872.
In vitro protocol:
1. Calatayud M, Duysburgh C, Van den Abbeele P, Franckenstein D, Kuchina-Koch A, Marzorati M. Long-Term Lactulose Administration Improves Dysbiosis Induced by Antibiotic and C. difficile in the PathoGutTM SHIME Model. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Oct 24;11(11):1464. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11111464. PMID: 36358119; PMCID: PMC9686563.
In vivo protocol:
1. Hiraishi K, Zhao F, Kurahara LH, Li X, Yamashita T, Hashimoto T, Matsuda Y, Sun Z, Zhang H, Hirano K. Lactulose Modulates the Structure of Gut Microbiota and Alleviates Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis. Nutrients. 2022 Feb 3;14(3):649. doi: 10.3390/nu14030649. PMID: 35277009; PMCID: PMC8840163.
2. Yuan Q, Xin L, Han S, Su Y, Wu R, Liu X, Wuri J, Li R, Yan T. Lactulose Improves Neurological Outcomes by Repressing Harmful Bacteria and Regulating Inflammatory Reactions in Mice After Stroke. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021 Jul 13;11:644448. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.644448. PMID: 34327147; PMCID: PMC8313872.
1: Nooshkam M, Madadlou A. Microwave-assisted isomerisation of lactose to lactulose and Maillard conjugation of lactulose and lactose with whey proteins and peptides. Food Chem. 2016 Jun 1;200:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.094. Epub 2015 Dec 31. PubMed PMID: 26830553.
2: K Sunny J Jr, Garcia CJ, McCallum RW. Interpreting the Lactulose Breath Test for the Diagnosis of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth. Am J Med Sci. 2016 Mar;351(3):229-32. doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2015.12.008. PubMed PMID: 26992249.
3: Mukherjee R, Yun JW. Pharmacological inhibition of galectin-1 by lactulose alleviates weight gain in diet-induced obese rats. Life Sci. 2016 Mar 1;148:112-7. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.018. Epub 2016 Feb 13. PubMed PMID: 26880535.
4: Gluud LL, Vilstrup H, Morgan MY. Non-absorbable disaccharides versus placebo/no intervention and lactulose versus lactitol for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 May 6;(5):CD003044. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003044.pub4. Review. PubMed PMID: 27153247.
5: Nooshkam M, Madadlou A. Maillard conjugation of lactulose with potentially bioactive peptides. Food Chem. 2016 Feb 1;192:831-6. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.094. Epub 2015 Jul 23. PubMed PMID: 26304417.
6: Huang P, Gou WL, Wang XT, Ding YL, He J, Wang CH. Lactulose oral solution for the treatment of postpartum constipation. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2016 Apr-Jun;30(2):523-8. PubMed PMID: 27358142.
7: Gluud LL, Vilstrup H, Morgan MY. Non-absorbable disaccharides versus placebo/no intervention and lactulose versus lactitol for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Apr 18;4:CD003044. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003044.pub3. Review. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(5):CD003044. PubMed PMID: 27089005.
8: Zhao PY, Li HL, Mohammadi M, Kim IH. Effect of dietary lactulose supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, relative organ weight, and excreta microflora in broilers. Poult Sci. 2016 Jan;95(1):84-9. doi: 10.3382/ps/pev324. Epub 2015 Nov 5. PubMed PMID: 26542810.
9: Rentschler E, Schuh K, Krewinkel M, Baur C, Claaßen W, Meyer S, Kuschel B, Stressler T, Fischer L. Enzymatic production of lactulose and epilactose in milk. J Dairy Sci. 2015 Oct;98(10):6767-75. doi: 10.3168/jds.2015-9900. Epub 2015 Aug 5. PubMed PMID: 26254523.
10: Emami Alorizi SM, Fattahi MR, Saghebi SA, Salehi A, Rezaeizadeh H, Nimrouzi M, Zarshenas MM. Assessment of the impacts of traditional Persian medical schemes and recommendations on functional chronic constipation compared to a classic medicine lactulose, a randomized clinical trial. J Complement Integr Med. 2015 Dec;12(4):325-31. doi: 10.1515/jcim-2015-0013. PubMed PMID: 26214609.
