Piracetam | CAS#7491-74-9 | AMPA receptor

MedKoo Cat#: 526001 | Name: Piracetam

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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Piracetam is a compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent. Piracetam is a positive allosteric modulator of the AMPA receptor. It is believed to act on ion channels or ion carriers, thus leading to increased neuron excitability.

Chemical Structure

Piracetam

CAS#7491-74-9

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 526001

Name: Piracetam

CAS#: 7491-74-9

Chemical Formula: C6H10N2O2

Exact Mass: 142.0742

Molecular Weight: 142.16

Elemental Analysis: C, 50.69; H, 7.09; N, 19.71; O, 22.51

Price and Availability

Size	Price	Availability	Quantity
5g	USD 205.00
10g	USD 330.00
25g	USD 560.00

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Related CAS #

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Synonym

Piracetam; Breinox; BRN 1526393; Ciclofalina; Cl-871; EINECS 231-312-7; Euvifor; Gabacet; Genogris; Nootron; Nootropil; Nootropyl; Normabrain.

IUPAC/Chemical Name

1-Acetamido-2-pyrrolidinone

InChi Key

SIXPSGNZQPKXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChi Code

InChI=1S/C6H10N2O2/c1-5(9)7-8-4-2-3-6(8)10/h2-4H2,1H3,(H,7,9)

SMILES Code

O=C1N(NC(C)=O)CCC1

Appearance

Solid powder

Purity

>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition

Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition

Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility

Soluble in DMSO

Shelf Life

>2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation

This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage

0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code

2934.99.9001

More Info

Product Data

Product Data

Instruction

View handling instruction

Biological target:

Piracetam (UCB-6215) is a cyclic derivative of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

In vitro activity:

Since piracetam interacts with lipids and has beneficial effects on several symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, this study investigated in model membranes the ability of piracetam to hinder the destabilising effect of the Abeta 29-42 peptide. Using fluorescence studies and 31P and 2H NMR spectroscopy, this study has shown that piracetam was able to significantly decrease the fusogenic and destabilising effect of Abeta 29-42, in a concentration-dependent manner. While the peptide induced lipid disorganisation and subsequent negative curvature at the membrane-water interface, the conformational analysis showed that piracetam, when preincubated with lipids, coats the phospholipid headgroups. Reference: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003 Jan 10;1609(1):28-38. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12507755/

In vivo activity:

PIRA (piracetam) administration offered significant protection against DOX-induced cognitive deficits in all maze tests and restored cholinergic functions via a significant reduction in AChE levels. Additionally, PIRA suppressed DOX-induced neuroinflammatory mediators (COX-2, PGE2, NF-κB, and TNF-α), pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and caspase-3), and oxidative stress (MDA). Besides, it facilitated antioxidant (CAT and GSH) levels. Hence, this study highlighted that the neuroprotective activity of PIRA against DOX-induced cognitive deficits can be linked to reductions of AChE levels, neuro-inflammatory mediators, pro-apoptotic proteins, and oxidative stress. Reference: Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022 Dec 14;15(12):1563. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36559014/

	Solvent	mg/mL	mM
Solubility
	DMF	20.0	140.69
	DMSO	64.0	450.20
	Ethanol	16.7	117.47
	PBS (pH 7.2)	10.0	70.34
	Water	61.0	429.10

Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 142.16 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	1.15 mL	5.76 mL	11.51 mL
5 mM	0.23 mL	1.15 mL	2.3 mL
10 mM	0.12 mL	0.58 mL	1.15 mL
50 mM	0.02 mL	0.12 mL	0.23 mL

Formulation protocol:

1. Yang Y, Feng J, Xu F, Wang J. Piracetam inhibits ethanol (EtOH)-induced memory deficit by mediating multiple pathways. Brain Res. 2017 Dec 1;1676:83-90. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.09.013. Epub 2017 Sep 11. PMID: 28912059. 2. Mingeot-Leclercq MP, Lins L, Bensliman M, Thomas A, Van Bambeke F, Peuvot J, Schanck A, Brasseur R. Piracetam inhibits the lipid-destabilising effect of the amyloid peptide Abeta C-terminal fragment. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003 Jan 10;1609(1):28-38. doi: 10.1016/s0005-2736(02)00654-5. PMID: 12507755. 3. Mani V, Rabbani SI, Shariq A, Amirthalingam P, Arfeen M. Piracetam as a Therapeutic Agent for Doxorubicin-Induced Cognitive Deficits by Enhancing Cholinergic Functions and Reducing Neuronal Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022 Dec 14;15(12):1563. doi: 10.3390/ph15121563. PMID: 36559014; PMCID: PMC9781976. 4. Mostafa RE, Morsi AH, Asaad GF. Piracetam attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: Amelioration of necroptosis, pyroptosis and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Life Sci. 2022 Aug 15;303:120671. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120671. Epub 2022 May 27. PMID: 35636581.

In vitro protocol:

In vivo protocol:

1. Mani V, Rabbani SI, Shariq A, Amirthalingam P, Arfeen M. Piracetam as a Therapeutic Agent for Doxorubicin-Induced Cognitive Deficits by Enhancing Cholinergic Functions and Reducing Neuronal Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022 Dec 14;15(12):1563. doi: 10.3390/ph15121563. PMID: 36559014; PMCID: PMC9781976. 2. Mostafa RE, Morsi AH, Asaad GF. Piracetam attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: Amelioration of necroptosis, pyroptosis and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Life Sci. 2022 Aug 15;303:120671. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120671. Epub 2022 May 27. PMID: 35636581.

1: Pandey S, Garabadu D. Piracetam Facilitates the Anti-Amnesic but not Anti-Diabetic Activity of Metformin in Experimentally Induced Type-2 Diabetic Encephalopathic Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2016 Sep 1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 27585927. 2: Abdelwahab NS, Ahmed AB, Abdelrahman MM, Salama FM. Stability-Indicating TLC-Densitometric and HPLC Methods for the Simultaneous Determination of Piracetam and Vincamine in the Presence of Their Degradation Products. J AOAC Int. 2016 Aug 27. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 27569579. 3: Antipova TA, Nikolaev SV, Ostrovskaya PU, Gudasheva TA, Seredenin SB. Dipeptide Piracetam Analogue Noopept Improves Viability of Hippocampal HT-22 Neurons in the Glutamate Toxicity Model. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2016 May;161(1):58-60. doi: 10.1007/s10517-016-3344-z. Epub 2016 Jun 6. PubMed PMID: 27265136. 4: Zhang J, Wei R, Chen Z, Luo B. Piracetam for Aphasia in Post-stroke Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. CNS Drugs. 2016 Jul;30(7):575-87. doi: 10.1007/s40263-016-0348-1. Review. PubMed PMID: 27236454. 5: Elmal AD, Gündüz A, Uzun N, Apaydn H, Kzltan G. The Effect of Piracetam on Friedreich Ataxia. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2016 May-Jun;39(3):159-60. doi: 10.1097/WNF.0000000000000148. PubMed PMID: 27171570. 6: Lenzen C, Winterfeld GA, Schmitz OJ. Comparison of piracetam measured with HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS, DIP-APCI-MS, and a newly developed and optimized DIP-ESI-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2016 Jun;408(15):4103-10. doi: 10.1007/s00216-016-9499-7. Epub 2016 Apr 12. PubMed PMID: 27071761. 7: Wang YL, Li F, Chen X. Piracetam prevents memory deficit induced by postnatal propofol exposure in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016 May 15;779:59-65. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.013. Epub 2016 Mar 5. PubMed PMID: 26957054. 8: Al Hajeri A, Fedorowicz Z. Piracetam for reducing the incidence of painful sickle cell disease crises. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Feb 12;2:CD006111. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006111.pub3. Review. PubMed PMID: 26869149. 9: Zhang HL, Xia Y, Hong Z, Du Y. [Spectral Analysis about the Pharmaceutical Cocrystal Formation of Piracetam and 3-Hydroxybenzoic Acid]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi. 2015 Jul;35(7):1854-9. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 26717739. 10: Toscani S, Céolin R, Minassian LT, Barrio M, Veglio N, Tamarit JL, Louër D, Rietveld IB. Stability hierarchy between Piracetam forms I, II, and III from experimental pressure-temperature diagrams and topological inferences. Int J Pharm. 2016 Jan 30;497(1-2):96-105. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.036. Epub 2015 Nov 23. PubMed PMID: 26617316. 11: Tuglu D, Yuvanc E, Ozan T, Bal F, Yilmaz E, Atasoy P, Kisa U, Batislam E. Protective effects of udenafil citrate, piracetam and dexmedetomidine treatment on testicular torsion/detorsion-induced ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Andrologia. 2016 Aug;48(6):676-82. doi: 10.1111/and.12499. Epub 2015 Nov 20. PubMed PMID: 26589469. 12: Bozkurt H. Piracetam for Sialorrhea in 2 Children With Intellectual Disability. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2015 Oct;35(5):621-2. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000000381. PubMed PMID: 26252441. 13: Mendes GD, Zaffalon GT, Silveira AS, Ramacciato JC, Motta RH, Gagliano-Jucá T, Lopes AG, de Almeida Magalhães JC, De Nucci G. Assessment of pharmacokinetic interaction between piracetam and l-carnitine in healthy subjects. Biomed Chromatogr. 2016 Apr;30(4):536-42. doi: 10.1002/bmc.3579. Epub 2015 Nov 4. PubMed PMID: 26248695. 14: Sari E, Dincel GC. Effect of piracetam and nimodipine on full-thickness skin burns in rabbits. Int Wound J. 2016 Aug;13(4):563-71. doi: 10.1111/iwj.12478. Epub 2015 Jul 20. PubMed PMID: 26192365. 15: Melnikov OA, Lilenko SV, Nauta J, Ouwens MJ. Betahistine plus piracetam dual therapy versus betahistine monotherapy for peripheral vestibular vertigo: a confounder-corrected subanalysis of the OSVaLD study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2015 Nov;31(11):1951-62. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2015.1067193. Epub 2015 Sep 16. PubMed PMID: 26121560. 16: Xu P, Li M, Bai Y, Lu W, Ling X, Li W. The effects of piracetam on heroin-induced CPP and neuronal apoptosis in rats. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015 May 1;150:141-6. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.026. Epub 2015 Mar 4. PubMed PMID: 25801591. 17: Du Y, Zhang H, Xue J, Fang H, Zhang Q, Xia Y, Li Y, Hong Z. Raman and terahertz spectroscopical investigation of cocrystal formation process of piracetam and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2015 Mar 15;139:488-94. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.11.109. Epub 2014 Dec 25. PubMed PMID: 25576947. 18: Verma DK, Joshi N, Raju KS, Wahajuddin M, Singh RK, Singh S. Metabolic enhancer piracetam attenuates rotenone induced oxidative stress: a study in different rat brain regions. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 2015;75(4):399-411. PubMed PMID: 26994419. 19: Kale PP, Addepalli V, Sarkar A, Patel S, Savai J. The Combination of Antidepressant Duloxetine with Piracetam in Mice does not Produce Enhancement of Nootropic Activity. Exp Neurobiol. 2014 Sep;23(3):224-30. doi: 10.5607/en.2014.23.3.224. Epub 2014 Sep 18. PubMed PMID: 25258569; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4174613. 20: Siddiqui FA, Sher N, Shafi N, Wafa Sial A, Ahmad M, Mehjebeen, Naseem H. Development of new method for simultaneous analysis of piracetam and levetiracetam in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids: application in stability studies. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:758283. doi: 10.1155/2014/758283. Epub 2014 Jul 8. PubMed PMID: 25114921; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4121148.