Synonym
PHA-739521; PHA739521; PHA 739521; PHA 739,521; PHA739,521; PHA-739,521; Mavacoxib. trade name Trocoxil.
IUPAC/Chemical Name
4-(5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide
InChi Key
TTZNQDOUNXBMJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C16H11F4N3O2S/c17-11-3-1-10(2-4-11)14-9-15(16(18,19)20)22-23(14)12-5-7-13(8-6-12)26(21,24)25/h1-9H,(H2,21,24,25)
SMILES Code
O=S(C1=CC=C(N2N=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C2C3=CC=C(F)C=C3)C=C1)(N)=O
Purity
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life
>2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation
This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage
0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Biological target:
Mavacoxib is a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor.
In vitro activity:
The anti-tumourigenic effects of the selective, long-acting COX-2 inhibitor mavacoxib were evaluated. Mavacoxib was cytotoxic to a panel of human and canine osteosarcoma, mammary and bladder carcinoma cancer cell lines; it induced apoptosis and inhibited the migration of these cells. Interestingly, mavacoxib exerted these effects independently of elevated COX-2 expression. These results suggest that mavacoxib may be an effective anti-cancer agent independent of tumour COX-2 expression.
Reference: Vet Comp Oncol. 2019 Jun;17(2):194-207. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/vco.12470
In vivo activity:
Mavacoxib and meloxicam were compared in the management of canine OA (osteoarthritis). In all, 111 dogs with OA of the elbow, hip or stifle were randomly assigned to receive one of these NSAIDs for a 12-week period. Outcomes, including ground reaction forces and three validated clinical metrology instruments, were measured at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. Improvements were seen in all outcome measures for both groups to a similar degree, and adverse events occurred at a similar rate. There were significant improvements in outcome measures from week 6 to week 12, as well as from baseline. Long-term meloxicam dose was more important than recent dose. Clinical efficacy and adverse event rates were similar for meloxicam and mavacoxib.
Reference: Vet Rec. 2014 Sep 20;175(11):280. https://bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1136/vr.102435
|
Solvent |
mg/mL |
mM |
| Solubility |
| Ethanol |
77.0 |
199.82 |
Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.
Preparing Stock Solutions
The following data is based on the
product
molecular weight
385.34
Batch specific molecular weights may vary
from batch to batch
due to the degree of hydration, which will
affect the solvent
volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass |
1 mg |
5 mg |
10 mg |
| 1 mM |
1.15 mL |
5.76 mL |
11.51 mL |
| 5 mM |
0.23 mL |
1.15 mL |
2.3 mL |
| 10 mM |
0.12 mL |
0.58 mL |
1.15 mL |
| 50 mM |
0.02 mL |
0.12 mL |
0.23 mL |
Formulation protocol:
1. Hurst EA, Pang LY, Argyle DJ. The selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor mavacoxib (Trocoxil) exerts anti-tumour effects in vitro independent of cyclooxygenase-2 expression levels. Vet Comp Oncol. 2019 Jun;17(2):194-207. doi: 10.1111/vco.12470. Epub 2019 Mar 13. PMID: 30767381.
2. Pang LY, Argyle SA, Kamida A, Morrison KO, Argyle DJ. The long-acting COX-2 inhibitor mavacoxib (Trocoxil™) has anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on canine cancer cell lines and cancer stem cells in vitro. BMC Vet Res. 2014 Sep 5;10:184. doi: 10.1186/s12917-014-0184-9. PMID: 25190452; PMCID: PMC4172958.
3. Walton MB, Cowderoy EC, Wustefeld-Janssens B, Lascelles BD, Innes JF. Mavacoxib and meloxicam for canine osteoarthritis: a randomised clinical comparator trial. Vet Rec. 2014 Sep 20;175(11):280. doi: 10.1136/vr.102435. Epub 2014 May 23. PMID: 24859353.
In vitro protocol:
1. Hurst EA, Pang LY, Argyle DJ. The selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor mavacoxib (Trocoxil) exerts anti-tumour effects in vitro independent of cyclooxygenase-2 expression levels. Vet Comp Oncol. 2019 Jun;17(2):194-207. doi: 10.1111/vco.12470. Epub 2019 Mar 13. PMID: 30767381.
2. Pang LY, Argyle SA, Kamida A, Morrison KO, Argyle DJ. The long-acting COX-2 inhibitor mavacoxib (Trocoxil™) has anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on canine cancer cell lines and cancer stem cells in vitro. BMC Vet Res. 2014 Sep 5;10:184. doi: 10.1186/s12917-014-0184-9. PMID: 25190452; PMCID: PMC4172958.
In vivo protocol:
1. Walton MB, Cowderoy EC, Wustefeld-Janssens B, Lascelles BD, Innes JF. Mavacoxib and meloxicam for canine osteoarthritis: a randomised clinical comparator trial. Vet Rec. 2014 Sep 20;175(11):280. doi: 10.1136/vr.102435. Epub 2014 May 23. PMID: 24859353.
1: Payne-Johnson M, Becskei C, Chaudhry Y, Stegemann MR. Comparative efficacy and safety of mavacoxib and carprofen in the treatment of canine osteoarthritis. Vet Rec. 2015 Mar 14;176(11):284. doi: 10.1136/vr.102397. Epub 2014 Nov 27. PubMed PMID: 25433056; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4392193.
2: Lees P, Pelligand L, Elliott J, Toutain PL, Michels G, Stegemann M. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, toxicology and therapeutics of mavacoxib in the dog: a review. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Feb;38(1):1-14. doi: 10.1111/jvp.12185. Epub 2014 Nov 21. Review. PubMed PMID: 25413929.
3: Pang LY, Argyle SA, Kamida A, Morrison KO, Argyle DJ. The long-acting COX-2 inhibitor mavacoxib (Trocoxil™) has anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on canine cancer cell lines and cancer stem cells in vitro. BMC Vet Res. 2014 Sep 5;10:184. doi: 10.1186/s12917-014-0184-9. PubMed PMID: 25190452; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4172958.
4: Walton MB, Cowderoy EC, Wustefeld-Janssens B, Lascelles BD, Innes JF. Mavacoxib and meloxicam for canine osteoarthritis: a randomised clinical comparator trial. Vet Rec. 2014 Sep 20;175(11):280. doi: 10.1136/vr.102435. Epub 2014 May 23. PubMed PMID: 24859353.
5: Cox SR, Liao S, Payne-Johnson M, Zielinski RJ, Stegemann MR. Population pharmacokinetics of mavacoxib in osteoarthritic dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Feb;34(1):1-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01183.x. PubMed PMID: 21219337.
6: Cox SR, Lesman SP, Boucher JF, Krautmann MJ, Hummel BD, Savides M, Marsh S, Fielder A, Stegemann MR. The pharmacokinetics of mavacoxib, a long-acting COX-2 inhibitor, in young adult laboratory dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Oct;33(5):461-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01165.x. PubMed PMID: 20840390.
