Somatostatin Acetate | CAS# 54472-66-1 | 38916-34-6 | GHIH

MedKoo Cat#: 326657 | Name: Somatostatin Acetate

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Description:

WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Somatostatin, also known as growth hormone–inhibiting hormone (GHIH), is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system and affects neurotransmission and cell proliferation via interaction with G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors and inhibition of the release of numerous secondary hormones. Somatostatin inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion. Somatostatin has two active forms produced by alternative cleavage of a single preproprotein: one of 14 amino acids (shown in infobox to right), the other of 28 amino acids which is the short form with another 14 amino acids at one end.

Chemical Structure

Somatostatin Acetate

CAS#54472-66-1 (acetate)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 326657

Name: Somatostatin Acetate

CAS#: 54472-66-1 (acetate)

Chemical Formula: C78H108N18O21S2

Exact Mass: 0.0000

Molecular Weight: 1697.95

Elemental Analysis: C, 55.18; H, 6.41; N, 14.85; O, 19.79; S, 3.78

Price and Availability

Size	Price	Availability	Quantity
1g	USD 2,750.00
2g	USD 4,650.00
5g	USD 7,650.00

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Related CAS #

54472-66-1 (acetate) 38916-34-6 (free base)

Synonym

Somatostatin Acetate; GHIH; growth hormone–inhibiting hormone.

IUPAC/Chemical Name

Ala-gly-cys-lys-asn-phe-phe-trp-lys-thr-phe-thr-ser-cys acetate (Disulfide bond)

InChi Key

GFYNCDIZASLOMM-HMAILDBGSA-N

InChi Code

InChI=1S/C76H104N18O19S2.C2H4O2/c1-41(79)64(100)82-37-61(99)83-58-39-114-115-40-59(76(112)113)92-72(108)57(38-95)91-75(111)63(43(3)97)94-71(107)54(33-46-23-11-6-12-24-46)90-74(110)62(42(2)96)93-66(102)51(28-16-18-30-78)84-69(105)55(34-47-36-81-49-26-14-13-25-48(47)49)88-68(104)53(32-45-21-9-5-10-22-45)86-67(103)52(31-44-19-7-4-8-20-44)87-70(106)56(35-60(80)98)89-65(101)50(85-73(58)109)27-15-17-29-77;1-2(3)4/h4-14,19-26,36,41-43,50-59,62-63,81,95-97H,15-18,27-35,37-40,77-79H2,1-3H3,(H2,80,98)(H,82,100)(H,83,99)(H,84,105)(H,85,109)(H,86,103)(H,87,106)(H,88,104)(H,89,101)(H,90,110)(H,91,111)(H,92,108)(H,93,102)(H,94,107)(H,112,113);1H3,(H,3,4)/t41-,42+,43+,50-,51-,52-,53-,54-,55-,56-,57-,58-,59-,62-,63-;/m0./s1

SMILES Code

O=C([C@@H](NC([C@H](CO)NC([C@H]([C@H](O)C)NC([C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC([C@H]([C@H](O)C)NC([C@H](CCCCN)NC([C@H](CC2=CNC3=C2C=CC=C3)NC([C@H](CC4=CC=CC=C4)NC([C@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)NC([C@H](CC(N)=O)NC([C@H](CCCCN)N6)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)CSSC[C@H](NC(CNC([C@@H](N)C)=O)=O)C6=O)O.CC(O)=O

Appearance

Solid powder

Purity

>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition

Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition

Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility

Soluble in water

Shelf Life

>2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation

This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage

0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code

2934.99.9001

More Info

Product Data

Product Data

Instruction

View handling instruction

Biological target:

Somatostatin-14 is a somatostatin (SST) receptor agonist that binds to SST1, SST2, SST3, SST4, and SST5 (IC50s = 0.22, 0.10, 0.28, 1.23, and 0.30 nM, respectively, in CCL39 cells expressing human recombinant receptors). It inhibits cAMP accumulation induced by forskolin in CCL39 cells expressing human recombinant SST1, SST2, SST3, SST4, and SST5 (EC50s = 6.16, 4.37, 17.38, 2.95, and 4.67 nM, respectively). Somatostatin-14 inhibits the release of growth hormone, prolactin, thyrotropin, glucagon, and insulin, as well as other signaling molecules.

In vitro activity:

Solithromycin hindered the progression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in pancreatic cancer cells by modulating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. It effectively suppressed the growth, metastasis, and promoted apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. The treatment increased the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax proteins while reducing the levels of Bcl-2 protein. Solithromycin reversed the TGF-β-induced EMT process by down-regulating TGF-β1, Smad2, and Smad3 proteins in pancreatic cancer cells. Reference: Discov Med. 2023 Dec;35(179):1086-1092. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38058074/

In vivo activity:

This study discovered that about 60% of SST-expressing neurons in the extended amygdala directly respond to growth hormone (GH). Deleting GH receptor (GHR) in these neurons (SSTΔGHR mice) increased anxiety in males but not females. Both male and female SSTΔGHR mice showed reduced fear memory. GHR ablation in SST neurons did not impact memory in the novel object recognition test. The study revealed sex-dependent changes in gene expression related to synaptic plasticity in the amygdala. Reference: J Neurosci. 2023 Oct 4;43(40):6816-6829. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37625855/

	Solvent	mg/mL	mM	comments
Solubility
	Water	0.3	0.18

Note: There can be variations in solubility for the same chemical from different vendors or different batches from the same vendor. The following factors can affect the solubility of the same chemical: solvent used for crystallization, residual solvent content, polymorphism, salt versus free form, degree of hydration, solvent temperature. Please use the solubility data as a reference only. Warming and sonication will facilitate dissolving. Still have questions? Please contact our Technical Support scientists.

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 1,697.95 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	1.15 mL	5.76 mL	11.51 mL
5 mM	0.23 mL	1.15 mL	2.3 mL
10 mM	0.12 mL	0.58 mL	1.15 mL
50 mM	0.02 mL	0.12 mL	0.23 mL

Formulation protocol:

1. Zhou X, Wang W, Liu L. Somatostatin Inhibited the EMT of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Mediating the TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway. Discov Med. 2023 Dec;35(179):1086-1092. doi: 10.24976/Discov.Med.202335179.105. PMID: 38058074. 2. Oliveira HA, Somvanshi RK, Kumar U. Comparative changes in breast cancer cell proliferation and signalling following somatostatin and cannabidiol treatment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2023 Feb 5;643:30-38. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.073. Epub 2022 Dec 24. PMID: 36586156. 3. Dos Santos WO, Juliano VAL, Chaves FM, Vieira HR, Frazao R, List EO, Kopchick JJ, Munhoz CD, Donato J Jr. Growth Hormone Action in Somatostatin Neurons Regulates Anxiety and Fear Memory. J Neurosci. 2023 Oct 4;43(40):6816-6829. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0254-23.2023. Epub 2023 Aug 25. PMID: 37625855; PMCID: PMC10552943. 4. Bai Y, He H, Ren B, Ren J, Zou T, Chen X, Liu Y. Sstr2 Defines the Cone Differentiation-Competent Late-Stage Retinal Progenitor Cells in the Developing Mouse Retina. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2024 Jan 12;13(1):83-99. doi: 10.1093/stcltm/szad073. Erratum in: Stem Cells Transl Med. 2023 Nov 25;: PMID: 37935630; PMCID: PMC10785222.

In vitro protocol:

In vivo protocol:

1. Dos Santos WO, Juliano VAL, Chaves FM, Vieira HR, Frazao R, List EO, Kopchick JJ, Munhoz CD, Donato J Jr. Growth Hormone Action in Somatostatin Neurons Regulates Anxiety and Fear Memory. J Neurosci. 2023 Oct 4;43(40):6816-6829. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0254-23.2023. Epub 2023 Aug 25. PMID: 37625855; PMCID: PMC10552943. 2. Bai Y, He H, Ren B, Ren J, Zou T, Chen X, Liu Y. Sstr2 Defines the Cone Differentiation-Competent Late-Stage Retinal Progenitor Cells in the Developing Mouse Retina. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2024 Jan 12;13(1):83-99. doi: 10.1093/stcltm/szad073. Erratum in: Stem Cells Transl Med. 2023 Nov 25;: PMID: 37935630; PMCID: PMC10785222.

1: Virgolini I, Gabriel M, Kroiss A, von Guggenberg E, Prommegger R, Warwitz B, Nilica B, Roig LG, Rodrigues M, Uprimny C. Current knowledge on the sensitivity of the (68)Ga-somatostatin receptor positron emission tomography and the SUV(max) reference range for management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2016 May 13. [Epub ahead of print] Review. PubMed PMID: 27174220. 2: Tartarone A, Lerose R, Aieta M. Somatostatin Analog Therapy in Small Cell Lung Cancer. Semin Nucl Med. 2016 May;46(3):239-42. doi: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2015.12.004. Review. PubMed PMID: 27067504. 3: Bodei L, Kwekkeboom DJ, Kidd M, Modlin IM, Krenning EP. Radiolabeled Somatostatin Analogue Therapy Of Gastroenteropancreatic Cancer. Semin Nucl Med. 2016 May;46(3):225-38. doi: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2015.12.003. Review. PubMed PMID: 27067503. 4: Salavati A, Puranik A, Kulkarni HR, Budiawan H, Baum RP. Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) of Medullary and Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer Using Radiolabeled Somatostatin Analogues. Semin Nucl Med. 2016 May;46(3):215-24. doi: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2016.01.010. Review. PubMed PMID: 27067502. 5: Peverelli E, Treppiedi D, Giardino E, Vitali E, Lania AG, Mantovani G. Dopamine and Somatostatin Analogues Resistance of Pituitary Tumors: Focus on Cytoskeleton Involvement. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2015 Dec 22;6:187. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00187. eCollection 2015. Review. PubMed PMID: 26733942; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4686608. 6: Franck SE, Muhammad A, van der Lely AJ, Neggers SJ. Combined treatment of somatostatin analogues with pegvisomant in acromegaly. Endocrine. 2016 May;52(2):206-13. doi: 10.1007/s12020-015-0810-8. Epub 2015 Dec 10. Review. PubMed PMID: 26661938; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4824818. 7: Narayanan S, Kunz PL. Role of Somatostatin Analogues in the Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumors. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2016 Feb;30(1):163-77. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2015.09.008. Review. PubMed PMID: 26614375. 8: Colao A, Auriemma RS, Pivonello R, Kasuki L, Gadelha MR. Interpreting biochemical control response rates with first-generation somatostatin analogues in acromegaly. Pituitary. 2016 Jun;19(3):235-47. doi: 10.1007/s11102-015-0684-z. Review. PubMed PMID: 26519143. 9: Taïeb D, Garrigue P, Bardiès M, Abdullah AE, Pacak K. Application and Dosimetric Requirements for Gallium-68-labeled Somatostatin Analogues in Targeted Radionuclide Therapy for Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. PET Clin. 2015 Oct;10(4):477-86. doi: 10.1016/j.cpet.2015.06.001. Epub 2015 Jul 8. Review. PubMed PMID: 26384594; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4617555. 10: Colao A, Auriemma RS, Pivonello R. The effects of somatostatin analogue therapy on pituitary tumor volume in patients with acromegaly. Pituitary. 2016 Apr;19(2):210-21. doi: 10.1007/s11102-015-0677-y. Review. PubMed PMID: 26290466; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4799266. 11: Grasso LF, Auriemma RS, Pivonello R, Colao A. Adverse events associated with somatostatin analogs in acromegaly. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2015 Aug;14(8):1213-26. doi: 10.1517/14740338.2015.1059817. Review. PubMed PMID: 26184380. 12: Massironi S, Zilli A, Conte D. Somatostatin analogs for gastric carcinoids: For many, but not all. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Jun 14;21(22):6785-93. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i22.6785. Review. PubMed PMID: 26078554; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4462718. 13: Stengel A, Karasawa H, Taché Y. The role of brain somatostatin receptor 2 in the regulation of feeding and drinking behavior. Horm Behav. 2015 Jul;73:15-22. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.05.009. Epub 2015 May 27. Review. PubMed PMID: 26026616; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4546908. 14: Rai U, Thrimawithana TR, Valery C, Young SA. Therapeutic uses of somatostatin and its analogues: Current view and potential applications. Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Aug;152:98-110. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.05.007. Epub 2015 May 5. Review. PubMed PMID: 25956467. 15: Cives M, Strosberg J. The expanding role of somatostatin analogs in gastroenteropancreatic and lung neuroendocrine tumors. Drugs. 2015 May;75(8):847-58. doi: 10.1007/s40265-015-0397-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 25911185. 16: Xu C, Zhang H. Somatostatin receptor based imaging and radionuclide therapy. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:917968. doi: 10.1155/2015/917968. Epub 2015 Mar 24. Review. PubMed PMID: 25879040; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4387942. 17: Jin K, Zhou H, Zhang J, Wang W, Sun Y, Ruan C, Hu Z, Wang Y. Systematic review and meta-analysis of somatostatin analogues in the prevention of postoperative complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Dig Surg. 2015;32(3):196-207. Review. PubMed PMID: 25872003. 18: Martin-Grace J, Tamagno G. Somatostatin analogs in the medical management of occult bleeding of the lower digestive tract. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2015;2015:702921. doi: 10.1155/2015/702921. Epub 2015 Mar 9. Review. PubMed PMID: 25838821; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4369896. 19: Steyn FJ. Nutrient Sensing Overrides Somatostatin and Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone to Control Pulsatile Growth Hormone Release. J Neuroendocrinol. 2015 Jul;27(7):577-87. doi: 10.1111/jne.12278. Review. PubMed PMID: 25808924. 20: Wang C, Han J, Xiao L, Jin CE, Li DJ, Yang Z. Efficacy of vasopressin/terlipressin and somatostatin/octreotide for the prevention of early variceal rebleeding after the initial control of bleeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatol Int. 2015 Jan;9(1):120-9. doi: 10.1007/s12072-014-9594-9. Epub 2014 Dec 5. Review. PubMed PMID: 25788386.